中国商业经济理论研究的中流砥柱——纪宝成教授的商业经济思想

纪宝成教授是中国著名的商业经济学家,自20世纪80年代开始陆续发表了一系列高水平的专业论文,提出了许多独到的见解,不仅对中国商业经济理论的发展做出了重要贡献,而且对当时的市场经济和商业改革起了重要推动作用,其中一些观点至今仍然具有指导意义。文章从八个方面系统地总结了纪教授的商业经济思想及其学术贡献。     

冲突、社会资本与科研团队人才聚集效应

冲突与人才聚集效应的关系已引起学术界的探讨,但是,冲突与人才聚集效应的实证研究并未引起重视。本文以科研团队为分析对象,采用回归分析与调节效应检验等统计分析方法,研究冲突对人才聚集效应的影响,并分析社会资本对冲突与人才聚集效应之间关系的调节作用。研究表明,任务冲突对人才聚集效应具有显著正向影响,关系冲突对人才聚集效应具有显著负向影响。当进一步考虑社会资本的维度特征时,冲突对人才聚集效应的影响也将随着不同的维度特征呈现出内在的差异性。其中,结构资本水平越高,关系冲突与人才聚集效应之间的消极关系越强,而任务冲突与人才聚集效应之间的积极关系越强的结论未通过统计检验。此外,高水平的认知资本削弱了任务冲突与人才聚集效应之间的积极关系,弱化了关系冲突与人才聚集效应之间的消极关系。     

元分析方法综述：从基础到高阶

作为一项重要的研究工具,元分析已广泛应用于心理学、管理学、教育学和医学等科学领域。随着统计技术的发展,传统元分析已逐渐衍生出大量高阶研究方法。为使研究者和从业者及时捕捉其发展现状,本文全面探讨了元分析的原理、应用及最新进展。首先,详细阐述了传统元分析的基本原理、历史发展及操作步骤。其次,归纳了传统元分析衍生出的高阶研究方法,包括：跨层次元分析、元分析结构方程模型及其他应用(如可复制性研究与大数据分析)等。最后,讨论了元分析在科学研究中的意义及局限性。本文为研究者提供了一个全面的元分析方法概述,帮助研究者识别其发展趋势和潜在问题,并有助于进一步改进该方法以适应不断变化的研究需求。     

服务模块化的研究现状及发展趋向

自20世纪90年代以来,模块化思想被西方企业界广泛应用于组织设计之中;在当今服务经济和服务性组织大势兴起的背景下,有关服务模块化的研究逐渐成为学界的前沿和热点。文章运用规范分析和文献研究的方法,梳理、剖析了服务模块化的理论研究成果。研究发现：国内外学者主要围绕着服务模块化的形成、分工、组织及其治理、价值创新四条主线展开;现有的研究方法多为定性经验型和概念型,实证应用型研究不足;把规范研究和实证研究方法结合起来,从宏观产业组织和微观服务系统等多维角度来分析服务模块化是未来研究的大体走向。     

全球价值链视角下我国远洋渔业国际竞争力影响因素研究

文章基于全球价值链视角,结合远洋渔业的产业特性,构建了远洋渔业国际竞争力概念框架及其影响因素理论模型。进而基于我国74 家远洋渔业企业的问卷调查横截面数据,运用多元回归分析,深入解剖了影响我国远洋渔业经济租金、国际话语权、国际在位权、企业就业贡献四个国际竞争力维度的影响因素。研究发现：（1）远洋渔业企业越是进行海外远洋渔业基地建设、基地建设功能越健全,水产品国内消费市场越兴盛,远洋渔业企业冷冻、冷藏等储藏能力越强,企业越是能获得持续盈利优势。（2）远洋渔业设备技术研发、远洋渔业金融政策、政府间远洋渔业争议协商机制和海上通信系统研发,有助于提高我国远洋渔业国际组织影响力。（3）企业船上加工技术、企业水产品出口能力、海外直接投资正向显著影响企业履约能力。（4）企业远洋渔船规模、企业有自己独特的海洋与岸上联动发展模式,促进了企业社会就业贡献。     

自贸区背景下港口物流竞争力评价模型构建

我国正处于深化改革的关键时期,自由贸易试验区的不断发展对港口物流提出了新的要求。构建适用于评价港口物流竞争力的理论模型,对于准确评价港口物流竞争力尧夯实港口物流的持续发展具有重要意义。基于港口物流的定义,建立1 个目标层指标,4 个准则层指标和17 个指标层指标在内的港口物流竞争力评价指标体系。以期为自贸区背景下港口物流竞争力的实证研究提供理论依据。     

创新驱动发展战略下城市创新能力比较研究——以一线城市为例

以北京、上海、广州、深圳(以下简称北上广深)四个一线城市为例,利用面板数据,建立多指标创新能力综合评价指标体系,运用城市科技创新能力综合评价模型对四座城市的创新能力进行比较和评价。结果表明,四座城市整体创新能力都处于高位,而且一直保持提升态势,但具有明显的阶段性特征,增速不同,出现分化,各有优势和不足,深圳总体优势明显。据此,进一步提出四座城市在差异化发展的同时,应取长补短、相互学习,实现优势互补;采取多种举措确保企业作为创新主体的核心地位;提高产学研合作,加快科研成果转化,完善知识产权制度,建立政企研界之间协同创新的良性互动机制。     

The nature and extent of service user involvement in critical care research and quality improvement: A scoping review of the literature

The importance of involving patients and the public in health care research is globally recognized, but how best to do this in critical care is unclear. The aim of this first published review was to explore the extent and nature of evidence on service user involvement in critical care research and quality improvement. Using the scoping review framework described by Arksey and O'Malley ( 2005 ), a team of service user and critical care researchers searched eleven online databases, reviewed relevant web sites, conducted forward and backward citation searching and contacted subject experts. Extracted data were subjected to a narrative synthesis based on the objectives of the review. Findings from a broad range of evidence support that involvement is becoming more commonplace and that experiences are generally positive. Data extracted from 34 publications identify that involvement is most commonly reported at the level of consultation or participation in project teams, however, the extent to which involvement impacts on projects output remains unclear. Key barriers and facilitators relate to the challenge of recruiting a diverse group of service users, dealing with power hierarchies, being adaptable and effective consideration of the resource requirements. More research is required to identify the most effective methods to support the opportunity for involvement and more thorough reporting of service user involvement practices is strongly recommended.     

Where can obesity management policy make the largest impact? Evaluating sub-populations through a microsimulation approach

Background: There is a critical need to focus limited resources on sub-groups of patients with obesity where we expect the largest return on investment. This paper identifies patient sub-groups where an investment may result in larger positive economic and health outcomes.

Methods: The baseline population with obesity was derived from a public survey database and divided into sub-populations defined by demographics and disease status. In 2016, a validated model was used to simulate the incidence of diabetes, absenteeism, and direct medical cost in five care settings. Research findings were derived from the difference in population outcomes with and without weight loss over 15 years. Modeled weight loss scenarios included initial 5% or 12% reduction in body mass index followed by a gradual weight regain. Additional simulations were conducted to show alternative outcomes from different time courses and maintenance scenarios.

Results: Univariate analyses showed that age 45–64, pre-diabetes, female, or obesity class III are independently predictive of larger savings. After considering the correlation between these factors, multivariate analyses projected young females with obesity class I as the optimal sub-group to control obesity-related medical expenditures. In contrast, the population aged 20–35 with obesity class III will yield the best health outcomes. Also, the sub-group aged 45–54 with obesity class I will produce the biggest productivity improvement. Each additional year of weight loss maintained showed increased financial benefits.

Conclusions: This paper studied the heterogeneity between many sub-populations affected by obesity and recommended different priorities for decision-makers in economic, productivity, and health realms.     

Costs of providing infusion therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a hospital-based infusion center setting

Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (e.g. ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD]) severely impacts patient quality-of-life. Moderate-to-severe disease is often treated with biologics requiring infusion therapy, adding incremental costs beyond drug costs. This study evaluates US hospital-based infusion services costs for treatment of UC or CD patients receiving infliximab or vedolizumab therapy.

Materials and methods: A model was developed, estimating annual costs of providing monitored infusions using an activity-based costing framework approach. Multiple sources (published literature, treatment product inserts) informed base-case model input estimates.

Results: The total modeled per patient infusion therapy costs in Year 1 with infliximab and vedolizumab was $38,782 and $41,320, respectively, and Year 2+, $49,897 and $36,197, respectively. Drug acquisition cost was the largest total costs driver (90–93%), followed by costs associated with hospital-based infusion provision: labor (53–56%, non-drug costs), allocated overhead (23%, non-drug costs), non-labor (23%, non-drug costs), and laboratory (7–10%, non-drug costs).

Limitations: Limitations included reliance on published estimates, base-case cost estimates infusion drug, and supplies, not accounting for volume pricing, assumption of a small hospital infusion center, and that, given the model adopts the hospital perspective, costs to the patient were not included in infusion administration cost base-case estimates.

Conclusions: This model is an early step towards a framework to fully analyze infusion therapies’ associated costs. Given the lack of published data, it would be beneficial for hospital administrators to assess total costs and trade-offs with alternative means of providing biologic therapies. This analysis highlights the value to hospital administrators of assessing cost associated with infusion patient mix to make more informed resource allocation decisions. As the landscape for reimbursement changes, tools for evaluating the costs of infusion therapy may help hospital administrators make informed choices and weigh trade-offs associated with providing infusion services for IBD patients.