全国煤炭交易中心运营模式研究

全国煤炭交易中心的设立对规范我国煤炭交易市场规则、实施能源宏观调控、提升我国煤炭国际定价话语权具有重要意义。在分析全国煤炭交易中心功能定位和业务的基础上,设计中长期合同邀约、现货挂牌、现货竞价、现货招投标4种交易模式及业务流程,提出依托国家重大战略争取政策支持、加强各方沟通完善综合物流体系、建立银企合作机制与信用体系、完善煤炭交易中心协调机制、增强信息服务与风险防控能力等对策建议。研究成果对优化煤炭供给结构、规范煤炭交易市场和保障国家煤炭能源安全提供了支撑。     

Strategies to prevent economic recessions from causing business failure

An average of more than 500,000 businesses failed in the United States during each of the 10 recessions that have occurred since the end of World War II. Yet, scholar and practitioner understanding of how to prepare for and respond to the challenges of an economic downturn remains extremely limited. This article analyzes and synthesizes the information from academic theory and business experience on managing through an economic recession. To assist firms in successfully navigating economic recessions, we suggest a program that involves positioning by investing in multiple markets and geographies, planning by developing a turnaround plan for facing sharply declining sales, promoting by maintaining marketing initiatives, and preparing by acting in anticipation of economic recovery.     

国家发展战略对城乡居民收入差距的影响研究——以西部大开发为例

通过对不同时期城乡居民收入差异系数的对比分析,发现国家发展战略(这里以西部大开发为例)对城乡居民收入差距的缩小有积极影响——尽管对城乡居民收入差异系数绝对值的影响甚微,该战略实施后该系数的增长率明显低于全国平均水平和东部地区的增长率。     

扩大中国保险服务出口的策略——基于重力模型的实证研究

国际国内经济形势的变化使得我国保险公司越来越重视保险服务的出口。本文采用重力模型对我国保险服务出口的影响因素及发展策略进行了研究,统计分析结果显示,保险公司在选择出口目的国时应重点考查进口国保险服务贸易壁垒、进口国经济总量及质量、进口国吸收外资水平、进口国与我国的语言文化差异等方面,政府及监管部门则应致力于降低进口国的贸易壁垒和减少我国和世界各国的语言和文化差异。     

Enterprises,incentives and networks: The formative years of the electrical network in Portugal, 1920–1947

Path-dependence, the formation of technological irreversibilities and ownership patterns, have recently been salient aspects in the study of historical networks. This article analyses the formative years of public utilities in a period where the advantages of co-ordination, interconnection or integration between enterprises was still incipient. The purpose is to understand what happens when the competition to expand the physical extensions of nodes and links is suddenly blocked, and the enterprises can only compete to increase supply. The theme is thus of network enterprises operating without some of the standard incentives to economies of scale. The allocational and distributional consequences of this particular situation are exposed through an examination of the case study of Portuguese electrification in the first half of the twentieth century.     

网络环境下知识产权现状与对策

互联网的日益发展导致知识产权的保护也受到了一定挑战，网络环境中知识产权出现了新的特征，因此对其保护也应该提出新的策略。     

大股东干预对上市公司多元化投资影响的实证分析

本文主要从大股东干预的角度出发,通过分析政府作为国有上市公司大股东终极所有权人以及地方政府作为市场管制主体的角度来分析大股东性质对上市公司多元化投资决策的影响。     

高校体育教学融入人文精神的思考与探索

高校作为人才培养的主要基地和高素质人才的摇篮，在培养学生人文精神方面具有非常独特的优势，然而由于种种原因，我国高校教学尤其是体育教学中人文精神普遍处于缺失状态。本文通过分析高校体育教学中人文精神缺失的原因，探讨了在高校体育教学中融入人文精神的策略，以期更好地推动素质教育的实施和高校体育的改革。     

Strategies and goals of community-based injury prevention programmes – a mixed-methods study of 25 Scandinavian WHO Safe Communities

Documentation and analysis of prevention goals and interventions employed by community-based injury prevention programmes is vital to advance the knowledge and understanding of synergistic multi-strategy injury prevention programmes. This study examined the goals and interventions of 25 Scandinavian community-based injury prevention programmes in WHO-designated Safe Communities. Collection and analysis of quantitative data from survey questionnaires to the programme coordinators was followed by collection and analysis of qualitative data from structured interviews with programme coordinators from eight of the programmes. The results demonstrated that the programmes under study predominantly relied on ‘intuitive’ and subjective methods for selecting interventions. The programmes largely failed to transform injury surveillance data into information and knowledge that could prioritize community safety strategies and measures, due to insufficient time and personnel resources. The results demonstrated the importance of combining passive approaches with active interventions. Educational efforts were considered essential to the programmes. The programmes preferred to rely on broadly stated goals rather than specific objectives.     

Optimal hedge ratios and alternative hedging strategies in the presence of cointegrated time-varying risks

This paper utilizes the inter-temporal relationship between the FTSE-100 stock index and its futures price level between 1992 and 1999 to examine the characteristics of several minimum variance hedge ratios and the performances of several alternative hedging strategies for dynamic portfolio management in the presence of cointegrated time-varying risks. Earlier studies neglected the importance of cointegration between the two variables which resulted in biased estimates. These studies, in general, also assume that the hedging period is the same as the estimation time interval. This paper also looks at several key issues when the holding period is longer than the estimation period, such as the construction of optimal minimum variance hedge ratios, and the trade-off between transaction costs and risk reduction.