Authentication as Institutional Maintenance Work

Institutional maintenance work refers to actors’ deliberate effort to maintain an institution. This paper examines how actors use authentication, i.e., the relational constitution of an artefact as original or as a genuine expression of a particular type, style or person, to accomplish institutional maintenance work. We investigated contemporary adjustments to six listed buildings. These works were undertaken to keep these buildings functional while at the same time protecting their listing; by doing so they contributed to maintain the institution of Architectural Heritage. Our analysis identifies three forms of authentication: material consolidation, crafts mobilization and character enhancement. We elaborate on each of them and explain their institutional underpinnings and outcomes. The paper concludes with an articulation of authentication as a potent form of institutional maintenance work. Taking its starting point in materiality, authentication is a relational practice that helps maintain institutions relying on irreplaceable artefacts for their maintenance.     

Violations of Service Fairness and Legal Ramifications: The Case of the Managed Care Industry

Adapted from Chan's (2000) model depicting success of litigation, this paper argues that with the application of various legislation, health maintenance organizations' (HMOs') violations of service fairness to each group: enrollees, physicians, and hospitals give rise to each group's lawsuits against the HMOs. Various authors (Bowen et al., 1999; Seiders and Berry, 1998) indicate that justice concepts such as distributive, procedural, and interactional justice can be applied to the area of service fairness. The violation of these underlying justice principles with HMOs' service unfairness to enrollees, physicians, and hospitals is examined. A general synopsis of the ethical issues in the managed care industry is provided. The various lawsuits launched by each group: enrollees, physicians, and hospitals together with the key statutes used are discussed. This paper also highlights the provisions and ramifications of the 11 April 2000 landmark agreement that Aetna made with Texas Attorney General John Cornyn to settle the 1998 lawsuit brought against the company. Lastly, the current ethical issues in the managed care industry are further discussed. The value of this paper can be adapted to the study of organizations' service fairness violations in other industries or in the educational, governmental, and not-for-profit sectors both nationally and internationally.     

建立计算机管理系统 提高机车检修质量

山海关机务段针对传统质量管理手段和机车检修方法存在管理方法落后、检测手段落后和考核机制滞后等弊端,建立机车检修质量计算机管理系统。该系统具有收集处理检修质量信息,提供质量分析、定责、考核依据,强化配件检修质量及检修质量控制等功能,促进了机车质量稳步提高,为旅客列车安全正点运行提供了有力保障,为运输畅通和增运增收发挥了重要作用。     

LABOUR SUPPLY ESTIMATION AND PUBLIC POLICY

Abstract. Economists devote considerable energies towards refining their econometric techniques to overcome difficulties connected with conducting empirical research. Despite advances in technique. it is not clear whether further refinement in this direction is worthwhile for policy purposes. It may be that no further amount of statistical adjustment of inadequate data will increase understanding, and that better data is simply necessary to add to our knowledge. But rarely is sufficient credit paid to new forms of data. In short, econometric technique is emphasized to the neglect of data innovation, as if new data were merely lying about waiting for an ingenious suggestion for use. This paper surveys advances of the last twenty five years in estimating labour supply for policy purposes with a view towards appreciating the relative contribution of both improvements in econometric technique as well as developments of new data.
After briefly detailing the key parameters which economists have sought to estimate, we describe the early 'first generation' research (circa 1970), which is plagued by problems of unobservable variables, measurement errors, truncation and selectivity bias, and non linear budget constraints. 'Second generation' research constitute attempts to resolve one or more of these difficulties, and the respective contribution of econometric technique and new data is acknowledged and assessed, including the contribution of data generated by large scale social experiments in which participants are randomly assigned to different guaranteed income plans and their labour supply behaviour measured.     

The European high-speed train network: Predicted effects on accessibility patterns

The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the future European high-speed train network on accessibility, by reducing time distance between places and modifying their relative location. We compare the current situation with that foreseen for the year 2010, according to the Outline Plan of the European High-Speed Train Network, in order to analyse which areas will most benefit from construction and improvement of the infrastructure. It is hypothesized that the high-speed train will certainly bring the peripheral regions closer to the central ones, but will also increase imbalances between the main cities and their hinterlands. A weighted average distance indicator is applied for this purpose. This measure identifies the spatial distribution of accessibility in the area of study, emphasizing the infrastructure effects, and locates accessibility changes at the European level. A Geographic Information System (GIS) has been used to carry out this study.     

对改革供电企业变电检修现行管理模式的探讨

提出了重组专业化的变电检修总公司的战略思路,对电网企业与总公司之间发展新型关系进行了探讨,指出以战略思维构筑战略联盟,保持合作联盟,实现共赢与发展.分析虽是对检修体制改革,同时也是对安全生产管理体制的变革,有利于供电企业的安全生产管理.     

基于1394总线的高速数据传输系统的设计

讨论了“三网合一”趋势下高速串行总线1394标准的技术优势和应用前景。以专用控制芯片FM323为核心，给出了基于1394总线和PCI总线的跨网络高速数据传输系统的实现方案，对其设计要点进行了详细讨论。     

绿色维修技术在汽车处理中的应用价值

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们的生活质量得到改善,汽车保有量逐年递增。汽车修理工作的重要性日益突显,甚至成为影响社会发展的主要因素。在汽车修理工作中,一是要合理选择汽车维修技术;二是要重视汽车的危害因素,如环境污染。所以工作人员应该合理应用绿色维修技术,减少污染问题的出现。论文主要阐述在汽车处理中绿色维修技术的应用价值,仅供参考。     

武陵山片区旅游节点交通畅达性研究

区域旅游节点的交通畅达性对区域经济发展具有强劲的推动作用,区域旅游节点的交通畅达性优劣取决于内部的连通性和外部的可达性。文章基于因子分析法分别就高等级公路、高速公路、普铁、高铁(动车)、民航航线等因素对武陵山片区内各旅游节点的交通畅达性的影响进行了评价分析,对各旅游节点的畅达性进行了排名;并选取2010、2014、2018年等3个时间节点数据导入GIS生成3个片区旅游交通图。研究发现:①重庆、武汉、长沙、贵阳四大中心城市的交通连线支撑起武陵山片区的交通网络,片区旅游节点之间的畅达性逐步提升;②处于武陵山片区外围重庆、武汉、长沙、贵阳四大中心城市交通大廊道上的旅游节点之间畅达性处于片区前列;③同一省市或同一传统旅游线路的旅游节点连通性较好,分属不同省市的旅游节点之间连通性普遍较差;④历史上,山高谷深、交通闭塞,各地市自然旅游资源丰富多样,文化旅游浓郁独特,近年来,武陵山片区旅游发展与交通建设相互推拉,呈现良性发展。     

公众参与城市绿色空间管理维护 ——以坦纳斯普瑞公园为例

“公众参与”广泛应用于以美国为代表的西方现代景观规划设计领域。随着社会的发展在美国等国相继出现“公众参与”城市绿色空间管理维护的趋势，人们逐渐意识到管理维护对城市绿色空间的重要性。以美国波特兰市坦纳斯普瑞公园为典型案例，通过实地调查、文献研究、访谈、归纳推理等研究方法，从公园建设背景、设计特色出发，回顾“公众参与”前管理维护的困境，阐述“朋友和伙伴”项目的发展历程、工作内容及成效，总结“公众参与”后期维护管理的意义，分析成功推行的原因。“公众参与”有助于解决目前中国城市公园管理维护面临的投入资金不足、游人素质偏低等问题，对未来城市公园管理工作的发展具有重要启示意义。