FDI对我国非农就业效应的分析——基于协整理论的实证分析

本文根据现代计量经济学中的协整及其相关理论，利用1985—2005年的年度数据，对我国改革开放以来外商直接投资流入与我国就业增长之间的关系进行了实证研究，结果表明，外商直接投资与我国就业量之间存在着长期均衡关系。外商直接投资对我国劳动力就业有着积极的影响。     

外商直接投资就业效应的实证研究——以江苏省为例的分析

文章首先对外商直接投资与就业之间的关系进行论述,然后以江苏省为例选取1985年～2006年的年度数据,利用现代计量经济学方法实证研究外商直接投资与就业之间的关系。研究结果表明,江苏省外商直接投资与就业之间存在长期均衡关系,长期来看,外商直接投资每增长1个百分点,将带动就业增加0.046个百分点;短期内,外商直接投资对就业产生一定的挤出效应,但总体上就业的扩大效应大于挤出效应。最后分析两种效应的原因并提出相应的对策和建议。     

外商直接投资影响就业的实证分析

VEC模型分析结果表明,外商直接投资(FDI)、国内投资对我国就业增长的短期效应与长期效应相反。短期内,外商直接投资促进就业增长,而国内投资抑制就业增长;从长期来看,国内投资促进就业增长,而外商直接投资抑制就业增长。因此,我国目前应采取积极的投资政策,通过引进外商直接投资来解决短期性的失业问题,同时加大国内投资来解决长期性的失业问题。     

FDI与我国技术进步关系的实证分析

本文利用协整理论考察外商直接投资与我国技术进步的关系。实证结果表明,外商直接投资与我国技术进步之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,在短期,外商直接投资与技术进步互为因果,从长期看,外商直接投资也构成了我国技术进步的原因。外商直接投资对我国的技术进步起到了明显的促进作用。     

外商直接投资、就业与经济增长的关系研究——以安徽省为例

鉴于外商直接投资（FDI）对一国经济的重要作用,积极引进FDI已成为发展中国家发展国内经济的一项重要政策。而关于FDI对就业和经济增长的影响,理论界仍存在争议。本文尝试对FDI、就业和经济增长的关系进行实证研究,运用Cobb—Douglas生产函数和Eviews5．0统计软件,以安徽省为例,利用安徽省1991—2006年外商直接投资（FDI）、就业与经济增长的相关数据,研究FDI对就业和经济增长的作用。研究结果显示：当年实际利用外商直接投资额（增量FDI）与就业呈负相关关系,而年底累积外商直接投资额（存量FDI）与就业呈正相关关系。由此可见,外商直接投资对就业的影响是长期的创造效应与短期的挤出效应并存。Granger因果关系检验结果显示,FDI所带来的就业与经济增长之间存在双向因果关系。     

FDI对中国服务业影响的实证研究

本文利用1997-2009年的数据,对外商对中国第三产业直接投资与中国服务业的产值之间的关系进行了实证分析,通过OLS检验了外商对中国第三产业直接投资与服务业的增长存在着长期稳定的均衡关系.研究结果表明,外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国服务业的变动有很大影响.从上述实证分析中可以看出,外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国的服务业的增长有着长期稳定的均衡关系,1.07的弹性系数说明外商对第三产业的直接投资每增加1％,中国的服务业占GDP的产值就会增长1.07％.因此外商对第三产业的直接投资对中国服务业有着比较明显的促进作用.从Granger因果关系检验中可以看出,外商对第三产业的直接投资是促进中国服务业产值增长的原因,而服务业产值的增长却并不是吸引外商直接投资的原因.     

外商直接投资与天津出口贸易的互动关系——基于脉冲响应函数法的实证分析

本文利用天津1980-2007年的年度统计数据,运用协整分析和格兰杰因果检验方法分析了出口贸易与外商直接投资之间的关系,并利用广义脉冲响应函数和方差分解法进一步分析了两者间的动态关系。研究结果表明,天津的出口贸易与外商直接投资、贸易伙伴国的经济增长和进口贸易之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,外商直接投资、贸易伙伴国的经济增长和进口贸易都是出口贸易变动的原因。从动态角度看,在短期内,天津出口贸易对外商直接投资冲击的反应短期较为明显,而贸易伙伴国经济增长与进口贸易对出口贸易的影响在短期并不显著;从长期来看,FDI对出口贸易具有明显的替代效应,出口贸易增长主要依赖于进口贸易,而贸易伙伴国经济增长对出口贸易的影响作用十分有限。     

外商直接投资对我国经济增长的实证分析

通过运用协整检验和格兰杰因果检验对外商直接投资与我国经济增长之间的关系进行实证分析,结果表明:外商直接投资与我国经济增长相互促进.     

外商直接投资与经济增长的协整分析——基于贵州省数据的实证研究

针对外商直接投资促进经济增长的假设,我们根据1987-2006年贵州省GDP、FDI以及进出口的统计数据,建立向量误差修正模型,运用PP检验、协整及Granger因果关系检验分析外商直接投资与经济增长之间的关系,研究结果表明,贵州省的外商直接投资、国际贸易与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,且经济增长是出口、进口增长的Granger因,而经济增长与外商直接投资之间存在双向因果关系。     

外商直接投资对我国就业量的实证研究

改革开放30余年来,外商直接投资(FDI)对中国的整体经济和对外贸易的发展起正面作用非常大,但外商直接投资对我国的就业增长其影响如何呢?本文着重分析外商直接投资对我国总体就业量的影响.首先总结国内外学者对这方面问题的研究,然后提出本文的一个新视角并通过最新数据的实际验证来对FDI与就业总量的关系做出一个说明,最后结合FDl的新特征给出政策与建议.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.