＂印后加工技术＂课程教学改革探讨

＂印后加工技术＂是印刷工程本科专业的一门重要的专业核心课程.本论文根据印刷工程本科专业的教学特点,在＂印后加工技术＂课程教学中,从培养印刷工程专业学生的实践技能和素质教育,深化教学改革,构建合理的课程体系与完善的教学内容入手,利用各种教学方法和手段,提高学生的培养质量;加强实践环节,在培养学生实际技能等方面提出了一些教学改革的设想和措施.     

Interdisciplinarity in design education: understanding the undergraduate student experience

Interdisciplinarity is becoming a critical issue of concern for design schools across East Asia in their attempts to provide industry graduates with the skills and competences to make creative contributions in a global economy. As a result, East Asian higher education institutions are aggressively endeavouring to provide interdisciplinary undergraduate curriculum that combine traditional designerly skills with engineering knowledge and methods. The current study takes an interdisciplinary undergraduate course as case-study to examine how the pedagogic strategy of team teaching influences student learning experience. Two surveys of student learning were conducted for this research purpose. The first provided an indication of the holistic student learning experience, while the second explored the conditions of team and non-team teaching as influence upon learning experiences specifically. Results showed how students taught by a single instructor provided a more positive overall opinion of course quality and experienced significantly more encouragement to participate compared to team taught respondents. However, findings also indicated how team teaching significantly increased the students’ experience of a balanced contribution from different disciplinary perspectives and how the team teaching approach was significantly more effective in providing students with greater opportunities to understand the relevance of the different disciplines to the course subject. We conclude with a discussion of results in terms of the effective use of team teaching at undergraduate level as strategy for interdisciplinary learning experiences.     

独立学院工程管理专业人才培养方案改革研究

为了使独立学院更好地培养出工程管理专业人才,基于数据统计分析得出研究独立学院培养方案改革的必要性;基于文献综述法,从课程体系、实践教学和教育培养模式三个方面分析了独立学院工程管理专业培养方案存在的问题;最后提出建立具有建筑工程全寿命周期工程管理执行能力的课程体系,构建基于模糊综合评判法的工程管理专业培养方案的课程体系评价方案,建立"课程为基础+协会再辅导+大赛来提升"的学习模式等改革策略。     

Changes in IR Programs Since the Mid-Sixties

An up-date of a 1967 study of industrial relations programs reveals that they are increasingly being integrated into traditional academic units. Both undergraduate and graduate degree programs have increased and most are housed in an academic department. The content of degree programs is shifting from collective bargaining to human resources management.     

Using software to engage design students in academic writing

First year undergraduate design students have found difficulties in realising the standards expected for academic writing at university level. An assessment initiative was used to engage students with criteria and standards for a core interdisciplinary design subject notable for its demanding assessment of academic writing. The same graduate attribute categories linked to assessment criteria and web-based software (REVIEW?) were used for assessing students’ other design assignments. Students engaged with criterion-referenced assessment of an essay exemplar in order to reflect on their own essay writing process. Tutor marking of the exemplar and student essays used a visual mark on a grading scale to reveal the variation between the tutor’s marks and students’ own judgments against each criterion. Data from the software and post-semester focus group discussions and questionnaires showed that the initiative promoted engagement and dialogue between tutors and students and fostered independence and confidence. Results suggest that students’ understanding of the required academic writing standards was improved by this reflective intervention and increased their appreciation that writing and research skills are important attributes for designers.     

完善采油企业质量保证体系

从油藏工程质量、采油工程质量、注水工程质量、设备管理体系及供应方质量保证来探讨提高油田开发质量的办法，以质量保证为基础，开展采油厂质量成本管理，探索建立质量管理体系的新方法，进一步深化向质量要效益的观念。     

关于纺织工程专业综合实验周的实践教学的思考

实验教学改革的最终目的是学生创新精神和综合能力的培养。针对目前高校纺织工程专业特点及实验教学存在的问题,结合本专业现有的教学科研条件,提出了新的实验教学模式的设想,并对纺织工程专业综合实验提出具体的实施方案和措施,以强化实验环节,提升创新能力,为培养高素质的纺织工程创新型人才奠定了坚实的基础。     

用于教学质量的网络评估计算机系统

介绍了目前用于教学质量的网络评估计算机系统的缺点,提出了用于教学质量的网络评估计算机系统的开发。教学质量评估主体包括:管理人员的评估、教师的自我评估、专家的评估、学生的评估。详细介绍了该系统的关键技术和总体设计方案以及它的网络拓扑结构,该系统主要包括:教学管理数据采集模块和管理数据统计、分析、评估模块,最后提出了该系统的优点。     

3T0R类圆钢端面贴标混联机构构型优选

为保证用于圆钢端面贴标的工业机器人的设计质量,根据成捆圆钢端面贴标的工程应用场景,采用模糊综合评价法及层次分析法对尺度不确定的候选机构进行比较优选。以备选方案为基础建立模糊综合评价决策集,分析贴标工作及机构学相关知识,建立模糊综合评价因素集,比较各因素的重要性程度建立评价指标权重集,依据层次分析法对各评价指标建立模糊评判矩阵,由权重集及评判矩阵得到模糊决策集并对各方案进行排序优选,综合评价结果为RRP4RR RRRP4RRRRRRR。圆钢端面贴标混联机构可采用RRP4RR并联机构串接RR串联机构,所应用的模糊综合评价法可为贴标机构构型的优选提供决策依据。     

Criteria for continuing professional development of technology teachers’ professional knowledge: a theoretical perspective

Continuing professional teacher development (CPTD) is generally accepted as an indispensable tool for the professional development of technology teachers. The current theoretical framework for CPTD comprises a variety of models. However, criteria underpinning these models are not explicit. If, in turn, the criteria were explicit, it could serve as part of the pre-determined criteria for the evaluation of the quality of CPTD programmes. The quality of higher education is important to its stakeholders and the assurance thereof should be a continuous process. The aim of this article is to determine criteria for evaluating CPTD programmes through an analysis of CPTD models in different educational settings. The article takes the form of a literature study to determine which CPTD models exist and which aspects of such models are most suitable for facilitating development of technology teachers’ professional knowledge. A significant finding of this study is eight criteria for evaluating CPTD programmes.     

Challenges to the use of fertilisers derived from human excreta: The case of vegetable exports from Kenya to Europe and influence of certification systems

Land degradation and inadequate faecal sludge management are two major issues in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The transformation of human excreta into soil amendments and their wide-scale adoption could improve soil health and contribute to solving the sanitation crisis in SSA. There are however perception challenges around these fertilisers because of the potentially harmful components they contain such as pathogens and heavy metals, which can be removed with appropriate treatment such as composting. A major barrier to the wide scale commercialisation of human excreta derived fertiliser (HEDF) is the unclear regulations surrounding their use. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to the use of HEDF by farmers participating in the horticultural export market with Kenya as focus area since horticultural exports are a major contributor to the country’s economy. Global GAP is the most widely adopted standard for quality assurance of horticultural crops and the use of human sewage sludge is currently not allowed on certified farms. Interviews with stakeholders along the food export chain highlighted the complex interactions that exist between them and showed that Global GAP certified farmers were not willing to use HEDF on their farms even if local regulations recognise treated sludge as a valid input to agriculture. Several countries (like the UK, Sweden, Australia and the USA) created specific certification or assurance schemes to improve public perception of biosolids. The creation of a similar assurance or certification scheme specific to fertilisers made from source-separated human excreta would be a step into formalising them as a product, establishing production procedures, limits on contaminants content as well as testing protocols. Such a certification scheme could increase the confidence of regulating bodies in HEDF and lead to their acceptance by global farming standards.     

Implementing studio-based learning for design education: a study on the perception and challenges of Malaysian undergraduates

Studio-based learning (SBL) is a teaching and learning methodology that combines different learning pedagogies such as social constructivist, problem-based, and active learning to mimic real-world working experience. Traditionally, SBL is practised in architecture and art programmes, however there is a growing number of research in other areas such as computer science, engineering, entrepreneurship and design courses. Nevertheless, in Malaysia, studies have only focused on architecture programmes. Therefore, this study focuses on reporting the experience and challenges of implementing SBL for a design course in the area of Visual Communication. By employing a qualitative methodology, findings show positive perception towards SBL where respondents reported awareness in improved design and communication skills, and increased acceptance towards team work. They found the critique sessions, facilitated their learning progress. Nevertheless, students reported challenges with inept teaching and learning facilities for design work, collaboration and communication breakdown with stakeholders. The study also reports on improvement strategies to enhance students learning experience through SBL.

     

Assessing changes in teachers’ attitudes toward interdisciplinary STEM teaching

Integrating engineering and technology concepts into K-12 science and math curricula through engineering design project-based learning has been found to increase students’ interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), however preparing teachers to shift to interdisciplinary teaching remains a significant challenge. Primarily teachers need to develop both skills and attitudes toward interdisciplinary teaching. In doing so, professional development (PD) is considered a key component in helping teachers through this transformation process. In an educational environment of accountability, measuring the effects of PD programs on teacher behaviors and capacity is essential but often elusive. The current study describes the change in attitudes to interdisciplinary teaching of 29 self-selected middle and high school teachers who participated a PD workshop and in delivering a 12–15 week interdisciplinary teaching and design problem unit that spanned multiple STEM subjects. This quasi-experimental pilot study implemented a single group pretest–posttest design using survey methods to collect data from the participants at two intervals; at the time of the PD workshop and at the completion of the teaching unit that emphasized a long-term engineering design problem. The goals of this research are to (1) assess the changes in attitudes to interdisciplinary teaching, attitudes to teamwork, teaching satisfaction, and resistance to change, (2) explore relationships among these changes, (3) and describe the variation in these changes across teachers’ gender, school level, discipline taught, and education level.     

独立学院服装设计与工程专业教学改革思路探讨

通过研究独立学院服装设计与工程专业人才培养目标,探讨了从明确专业建设发展方向、完善师资队伍建设、优化教学体系与教学方法、强化实践教学内容、健全教学质量保障体系等方面进行改革,以培养具有较强实践能力和创新精神,具有就业竞争优势与可持续发展基础的应用型高级专门人才;提出了适应广东特别是珠三角经济社会发展需要的应用型本科人才培养模式和课程体系,为独立学院的发展能更好地适应地方经济社会发展的需要提供参考。     

Knowing what engineering and technology teachers need to know: an analysis of pre-service teachers engineering design problems

With the rapid advances in civilization, technological breakthroughs, and a globally growing workforce, there is a strong need for engineers capable of working in the 21st century environment (Galloway, The 21st century engineer: A proposal for engineering education reform. ASCE, Washington DC 2008). To help increase the quality and quantity of students choosing to pursue engineering, leaders have called on K-12 education to look for methods of inserting pre-engineering into the K-12 curriculum. Leaders in technology education have responded to the call to develop top quality candidates for engineers by infusing engineering into the technology education curriculum. Teacher preparation programs have used various methods to provide future technology teachers with the required content knowledge in order to effectively teach engineering design within the technology curriculum. One such program uses an ABET accredited engineering curriculum for the content and additional training to strengthen engineering education pedagogy for technology teachers. Students who graduate from this program possess both an engineering degree and technology teaching license. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the differences between technology teachers from this program and traditionally trained technology teachers. In particular, how each group incorporates the engineering design process in classroom assignments. Design briefs were gathered from pre-service teachers who graduated from the aforementioned program and compared to design briefs of practicing technology teachers around the United States. The engineering design process was used to develop a rubric to compare the usage of engineering content between the two groups. It was found that students with 4 years of engineering training were more likely to use all steps of the engineering design process. Further examination illustrates that engineering trained technology teachers were significantly more likely to use mathematical and analytical methods to determine optimum solutions. In order for technology education teachers to effectively infuse engineering design into coursework, they need to be familiar and comfortable with the engineering sciences and the design process. With limited engineering design experience, technology teachers are not as likely to use optimization techniques involving mathematical and analytical reasoning. These concepts are critical for engineering students to be successful in college engineering programs and beyond.     

A review of: “EXPLOITING CYCLE TIME IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT”BY GERALD H. GAYNOR McGraw-Hill,Inc., New York, 1993, xvi + 349 pp. ISBN 0-07-023474-4. List $46.50.

Teaching engineering economy at the undergraduate level has changed little over the past century. In fact, it has become stagnant as its focus has turned toward financial mathematics and away from decision analysis. This is seen as a disservice to students who must eventually develop engineering economy studies. This paper provides motivation and suggestions to revitalize the curriculum, including teaching engineering economy in a decision-making context and integrating research advances into the curriculum. From these suggestions, a tested semester outline is presented. In the spirit of this special issue, it is hoped that these suggestions help move the teaching of engineering economy to the “next level” such that we can produce effective decision makers in the critical area of capital investment analysis.     

论提高采油工程规划方案的质量

阐述了在采油工程规划方案编制中,采用"PDCA"质量环运行模式使质量管理体系贯穿于采油工程规划质量形成的全过程。对采油工程规划系统过程中单个过程及其之间的联系和相互作用进行连续的控制,保证了采油工程规划方案编制工作的顺利实施,提高了采油工程规划方案编制质量。     

Is quality accreditation effective? Evidence from the childcare market

The ineffectiveness of a quality accreditation mechanism can be attributed to the inability of the accreditation status to provide consumers with information they do not already possess. I present a structural model of demand allowing consumers to infer quality from both accreditation status and firm reputation. I then estimate this model to assess the effectiveness and the impact of the national accreditation system for childcare centers on consumer welfare. My results suggest that disregarding the endogeneity of firms' accreditation choices significantly underestimates the effectiveness of the accreditation system. However, on average consumers do not gain much information beyond what they have inferred from a firm's reputation. The estimates of structural parameters are then used to quantify the value of this information to consumers.     

地下水质量综合评价方法的对比分析及应用

为了对北京市某地区丰水期的12例地下水水样进行水质评价,分别介绍了F值法、内梅罗指数法、模糊综合评价法和物元可拓法的原理,并编写MATLAB程序计算得出评价结果,同时对4种方法的评价结果进行对比分析。分析结果表明:F值法突出最大污染因素,评价结果偏大;修正的内梅罗指数法虽然降低了最大污染因素的影响,但不能精确得出结果;模糊综合评价法和物元可拓法的评价结果基本一致,但物元可拓法可以根据可拓指数判断水质变化的趋势。经过对4种方法的分析比较,可以为实际工程中合理选择地下水评价方案提供一定的技术指导。