江苏省服务业发展时空格局演变

综合运用统计分析与ESDA方法,选取人均服务业增加值为测度指标,系统分析了江苏省县域服务业发展水平的时空格局演变。结果表明:1992年以来江苏省县域服务业发展水平的绝对差异呈扩大趋势,而相对差异趋于缩小,区域内服务业发展水平时间差异较大;从空间格局的演变过程来看,县域服务业发展水平呈现显著的空间正相关,即在空间上集聚分布,且集聚趋势有所增强。此外,服务业发展水平呈现明显的空间分异格局,苏南地区发展水平较高,苏北地区发展水平较低,沿江地区发展水平明显高于沿海地区。在此基础上,分析了江苏省服务业空间格局演变的影响因素。     

江苏省县域消费水平的空间格局及影响因素分析

以人均消费品零售额表征区域消费水平,利用探索性数据分析法,探究江苏省1995—2011年来区域消费水平的空间格局与演变,通过分位数回归结果进行解释。得出以下结论:通过全局自相关计算可知,1995—2011年间江苏省区域消费水平存在着显著的空间集聚特性,且呈现出不断波动增强趋势;时间突变点表明,2004年是区域消费水平空间关联的突变点,2004年以前,区域消费水平空间分布较均衡,地区差距较小,而2004年以后,消费水平地区发展不平衡,差距越来越大,空间分异不断扩大;消费水平的空间格局演化表明,1995年来江苏省区域消费水平的集聚分异格局不断增强且趋于稳定,呈现"南高北低"集中连片的分异态势;分位数回归结果详细刻画了不同分位点上消费水平影响因素的作用程度与方向,其中,城乡人均收入、城市化率、人均生产总值及第三产业比重对区域消费水平起到正向的积极作用,固定资产投资额起到负向的抑制作用,而二三产业从业人员、公路里程及人均财政支出对区域消费水平的影响在不同分位点上存在着显著的差异性。     

浙江省乡村性空间分异及其影响因素分析

借助熵值法构建乡村性指数,并测算浙江2003、2012年浙江省各县乡村性,采用空间自相关分析县域乡村性水平的空间分异,并以市场力、行政力、内源力和外动力四维探究了乡村性空间分异影响因素。结果表明:1浙江乡村性指数格局较为稳定,但差异较大,由东北杭嘉湖、宁绍平原地区向浙西南地区逐渐升高。2浙江全省乡村性水平存在较强的空间相关性,呈现高乡村性水平地区的集聚,且2003—2012年全局空间集聚态势增强。浙江乡村性的空间集聚态势日趋稳定,形成以环杭州湾的乡村性冷点区,区域经济发达、城镇化水平高;以云和县为核心的浙西南乡村性热点区,为全省城镇化"低地"。3产业结构的升级与特色的海洋产业发展、政府投资与行政区划的调整、农业机械化和对外贸易等是驱动浙江乡村性空间分异的主要因素。     

中部六省城镇化质量空间格局演变及驱动因素——基于地级及以上城市的分析

运用熵值法从城镇发展水平、城镇发展效率和城乡协调方面对中部六省2003年和2010年两个时期的城镇化综合发展质量进行测度,借助GIS空间自相关及热点区分析方法,对城镇化质量的空间格局分异及演化进行探究。研究表明:1区域各市城镇化质量差异拉大且城镇化质量较低的城市数量增多。2城镇化质量较高的区域大都集中在省会及周围城市;区域城镇化质量存在较强的空间自相关,呈现集聚分布格局,但集聚度减弱;热点区呈现由少数高强度中心到多中心分散格局,集聚中心弱化,缺乏全局性的高值集聚中心区;热点区域与城市群具有较好的拟合性。3经济水平、产业发展、对外开放、宏观政策是当前中部地区城镇化质量空间差异的主要驱动力。     

中国智慧产业发展水平综合评价与时空特征

从规模、投入、产出和潜力四个方面,构建智慧产业发展水平的综合评价指标体系。运用熵值TOPSIS法、纳尔逊分类对31个省市2006、2010、2014年智慧产业发展水平进行综合评价与比较。采用ESDA空间分析方法,揭示各地区智慧产业的空间分异特征。结果表明:1智慧产业整体呈发展态势,但各地区发展水平空间差异大。2智慧产业发展水平呈现出较为显著的空间自相关,智慧产业发展水平相似的地区呈现集聚分布。3智慧产业发展的空间格局有明显的东西差异。高—高聚集区集中东部,低—低集聚区偏于西部,低—高类型区偏于北部,广东则处于高—低类型区,无明显集聚特征区域集中在中部地区。     

黄河流域旅游经济空间分异格局及影响因素

黄河流域旅游经济协调发展是推动其高质量发展的重要环节。以黄河流域91个地市(州、盟)为研究单元,选取2005、2009、2013、2017年截面数据,采用ESDA、空间变差函数等方法探究黄河流域旅游经济的空间分异格局,并结合最小二乘法(OLS)和地理加权回归(GWR)模型定量分析其空间分异的影响因素。结果表明:①黄河流域旅游经济具有较强的空间依赖性,呈现H-H和L-L集聚分布的空间态势,其中L-L集聚区范围不断缩小,H-H集聚区从黄河下游地区向黄河中游地区逐渐延伸;②黄河流域旅游经济差异不断缩小,由空间自相关引起的结构化分异不断增强,东-西向成为其旅游经济空间分异的主要方向;③交通区位条件、旅游服务设施、旅游资源禀赋是影响黄河流域各地市旅游经济发展的主要因素且各影响因素存在显著的空间分异性。     

1975年以来新疆县域产业结构的空间分异研究

以1975-2010年8个年份的县域产业数据为基础,运用探索性空间统计方法(ESDA)对该时段新疆县域产业结构发展格局的时空差异特征进行了分析.结果表明:从总体空间格局来看,新疆县域产业发展水平具有较强的正空间自相关性,集聚态势显著,并呈现出以2000年为拐点先增强后减弱的趋势.“五五”时期以来,主要分布在北疆、东疆的产业发展热点区域由单一的核心区域向东扩展为三大核心区并列(“克拉玛依—奎屯—乌苏”、“乌鲁木齐—昌吉”、“哈密—吐鲁番”),进而连接形成天山北坡优势产业带;但“十五”时期以后,产业带又收缩为原有的三个核心区.新疆冷点区域主要集中于西南部,其范围呈现出2000年以前不断向东扩张到阿克苏、和田东部地区,而2000年以后又开始向西退缩至和田西部、喀什地区.总体来看,沿东北到西南方向,新疆产业结构的集聚分布呈现出“热点区—次热区—次冷区—冷点区”的阶梯环形带,并有按梯度推移模式扩展的趋势.资源禀赋、区位条件和区域政策环境是促使产业结构时空格局发生演化的重要因子,其中改革开放和自1999年底开始实施的西部大开发战略对新疆产业空间格局演化的推动作用更为明显.     

中国水产养殖业地理集聚特征及空间演化机制

运用区位基尼系数、区位商指数、产业集中率与地区平均产业集中率4个指标以及动态面板模型对我国水产养殖业的地理集聚特征进行研究,探讨了其地理集聚的演变机制。结果表明:1978—2013年我国水产养殖业呈现出快速发展态势,鱼类是水产养殖业主体,但贝类发展速度最快;1997—2012年我国水产养殖业呈现显著的地理集聚特征,其中贝类集聚水平最高,而鱼类最低,但水产养殖业的集聚水平呈不断下降趋势。从水产养殖业的空间演变来看,我国存在东部沿海海洋水产养殖带和内陆沿长江淡水水产养殖带,水产养殖业的南北分异特征明显,南方地区在水产品总量、鱼类和虾蟹类产量方面优于北方,但在贝类生产方面不如北方;水厂养殖业也存在显著的东西分异特征,以800mm和400mm等降水量线为界,可将全国划分为水产养殖条件优越区(800mm)、一般区(400mm~800mm)和限制区(400mm)3类。从水产养殖业空间集聚演化机制方面来看,地区资源禀赋优势决定了其基本空间格局,技术水平提高、消费升级、政策推动以及市场利益驱动则推动着海水养殖和淡水养殖的发展格局变化。     

中原经济区经济发展水平综合评价及时空格局演变

通过构建区域发展水平评价指标体系,引入熵权TOPSIS法对中原经济区2000、2005和2009年各地经济发展水平评价与比较;进而采用马尔可夫链和ESDA法对中原经济区经济发展水平空间格局及演变特征进行探讨。研究表明：中原经济区经济发展水平存在显著的“俱乐部趋同”现象,区域差异不断拉大,两极分化趋势增强;经济发展水平呈现出较为显著的空间自相关,发展水平相似的地区呈集聚分布;从热点区分布看中原经济区区域差异主要表现为东西差异,从热点区演变看中原经济区尚未形成稳定的空间发展格局;给力培育地区经济增长极和主导发展轴、优化空间开发格局,深化区域分工与合作,着力提升对外开放水平是实现中原经济区协调发展的有效途径。     

资源型地区地级市绿色发展水平的时空演变及影响因素——以山西省为例

文章从绿色生产、绿色生活和绿色治理三方面构建区域绿色发展水平的综合评价指标体系,运用熵值法、泰尔指数、空间自相关以及地理探测器等研究方法,分析了2010—2019年山西省11个地级市绿色发展水平的时空格局演变特征及影响因素。结果显示：(1)2010年以来,山西省市域绿色发展整体水平显著提升,各地级市绿色发展水平的绝对差异和相对差异在波动中呈现下降的趋势;从绿色发展的区域差异来看,山西省市域绿色发展水平的总体差异波动减小,晋北、晋中和晋南三大区域内各地级市绿色发展均存在两极分化的情况,区域内差异是总体差异的主要来源。(2)山西省市域绿色发展水平的空间分异格局明显,形成了明显的“核心—边缘”空间结构特征,其中太原和晋中成为山西省市域绿色发展的核心区,而阳泉、临汾和运城成为绿色发展的边缘区,核心区和边缘区之间绿色发展水平差异十分明显;山西省市域绿色发展水平的全局自相关和局部自相关均不显著,尚未形成明显的绿色发展空间集聚,溢出效应不明显。(3)山西省市域绿色发展水平的空间分异是诸多因素共同交互作用的结果,其中经济发展、产业结构升级、人口素质、科技创新、外商投资以及城市生态环境等因素通过与其他因...     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.