供应商管理用户库存VMI系统的实施分析

供应商管理用户库存（VMI）作为一种新的库存管理模式,能够减少供应链整体的库存积压,是一种有效的供应链管理方法。这种管理思想的彻底贯彻,有赖于VMI系统的正确实施。本文对VMI实施的影响因素、实施步骤进行分析,提出了VMI在我国企业应用中要注意的一些问题。     

VMI运作模式下信息共享的障碍及其对策研究

商管理库存(Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI)是供应链管理这种理念要求的产物.它要求供应商对下游企业库存策略、订货策略以及配送策略进行计划和管理.VMI系统能够减缓供应链中的牛鞭效应,其中很重要的原因是由于VMI系统提出了企业间实施信息共享策略.     

供应商管理用户库存VMI的动因分析

供应链管理强调核心竞争力,需要各方相互之间建立合作关系。在库存合作方面,与用户自己管理库存相比,在供应商管理用户库存VMI方式下,企业对自己产品管理更专业,更有经验,供应链企业的服务水平会提高,同时降低库存管理成本。文章首先对供应链决策上的库存管理进行分析。接着,对VMI产生和发展的管理理论和方法展开讨论。最后,探讨建立VMI的信息技术和物流技术。     

供应商与零销商参与VMI的动因研究

通过定量的方法分析了供应商和零销商在实施供应商管理库存(VMI)前后利润变化情况,以确定供求双方是否会有参与VMI的动机,在分析过程中引入了"商标"替代理论。结果表明:在任何情况下零销商都会有参与VMI的动机;而供应商只有在满足一定的条件下才会有参与VMI的动机,并给出实例验证。     

基于供应链的VMI短期库存成本影响分析

在企业间竞争已转向供应链综合竞争的今天,企业是否具有竞争力,既取决于自身的实力,又离不开其资源整合的能力.供应链环境下的库存管理是供应链管理的重点,随着企业外部环境和内部管理模式的不断变化,它与传统库存管理相比有不少新的特点和要求,而供应商管理库存(VMI)正是可以适应这种变化的一种供应链库存管理策略.事实也证明VMI可以使供应链上企业的短期库存成本显著地得到降低.     

供应商管理库存研究现状及展望

自20世纪80年代宝洁与沃尔玛成功实施供应商管理库存（VMI）以来,VMI开始受到学术界的广泛关注。这种库存管理策略打破了传统的各自为政的库存管理模式,体现了供应链的集成化管理思想,是一种新的、有代表性的库存管理思想。从VMI内涵、VMI效果、VMI与信息共享、VMI运作优化以及利益协调几个方面对VMI的研究进行了文献综述。通过文献研究后发现存在以下不足：①现有的VMI实施效果评价方法过于单一;②需求与提前期均随机的情况研究的不多;③建立成本模型时运输成本设计过于简化;④一对多的VMI利益协调方法还有待于进一步拓展。最后,针对上述研究不足,提出了该领域进一步研究的思路,如可运用系统评价的方法对VMI实施效果评价进行综合评价,可探讨需求与提前期均随机时的VMI运作优化问题等,希望能对该问题的深入研究起到有益的促进作用。     

VMI与TPL集成的供应链管理模式

供应商管理库存(VMI)的实施对供应商而言有利亦有弊,而供应商物流能力的制约是弊端产生的重要原因.基于此,本文讨论将第三方物流(TPL)应用于VMI的供应链管理模式.文章首先提出,VMI物流系统复杂性、供应商核心竞争力的培育和供应链缋效的提升是VMI与TPL集成的推动因素.其次构建了引入TPL的VMI供应链物流系统集成的过程模型,分析了集成过程中计划期和实施期两个阶段的主要工作内容.根据TPL企业在VMI供应链中的角色和作用不同,将VMI与TPL集成供应链管理模式分为分散协调和集中控制两种不同集成程度的供应链管理模式,并对这两种模式进行了比较分析,分别阐述了两种模式的适用环境和运作流程.最后指出契约的支持、信息技术的支撑、供应链物流集成者能力的支持和物流运作规范化的支持是VMI与TPL集成供应链管理模式运作的支撑条件.     

供应商管理库存对市场竞争的影响

供应商实施管理库存，在短期内它会增加供应商的成本，减少利润；但长期内会降低供应商和整个供应链的总成本，增加渠道利润，提升整个供应链的竞争力，具有明显的帕雷托改进的性质。为此，有必要对厂商实施供应商管理库存这一行为可能对市场竞争和市场结构产生的影响进行探讨。     

关于企业建立物流超市的浅析

近年来,供应商管理库存（VMI）作为一种供应链管理工具被发展和应用,日益受到制造企业的青睐,为顺应这种潮流,制造企业建立了物流超市,由供应商来管理原材料库存。本文简要分析了库存物资的分类、建立物流超市的基本思路和需要注意的若干问题。     

关于企业建立物流超市的浅析

近年来,供应商管理库存(VMI)作为一种供应链管理工具被发展和应用,日益受到制造企业的青睐,为顺应这种潮流,制造企业建立了物流超市,由供应商来管理原材料库存.本文简要分析了库存物资的分类、建立物流超市的基本思路和需要注意的若干问题.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for Reality Mining

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.