我国城乡居民收入差距的数理经济模型及其实证研究

深化收入分配制度改革,增加城乡居民收入是我国改革的根本目标。改革开放以来,我国的经济持续快速发展,人民的生活水平得到了很大提高,但与此同时,我国也出现了严重的居民收入差距。文章在对收入分配的影响因素进行分析的基础上,建立一个回归模型分析所有制结构的演变与居民收入的关系,进而通过协整分析和格兰杰因果检验,对二元经济结构与城乡居民收入差距之间的数量关系进行了分析和检验。研究结论表明:转型期所有制结构的演变以及二元经济结构是我国居民收入差距呈扩大趋势的根本原因,二元经济结构与城乡居民收入差距具有单向的格兰杰原因。最后针对城乡收入差距扩大的趋势提出相应的解决对策。     

The True Meaning of ‘Social Justice’: A Catholic View of Hayek

Hayek's well‐known dismissal of the concept of ‘social justice’ is examined and questioned. While basically agreeing with Hayek's critique, the author argues that we should not entirely reject this concept, although it is often used in a vague and emotional way – ‘social justice talk’. Drawing on the tradition of classical liberalism and Catholic social teaching, he makes the case for the true meaning of social justice, which applies to the basic legal and institutional framework of a society rather than the distributional outcomes of market processes.     

Catholic Social Thought and New Institutional Economics: An Assessment of Their Affinities and Areas of Potential Convergence

The potential link between Catholic social teaching (CST) and the theoretical developments associated with new institutional economics (NIE) are explored. The emphasis is on the contributions of two Nobel Prize winners in economics—Douglass C. North and Elinor Ostrom—and on the work of political scientist Vincent Ostrom. By adjusting the neoclassical presumptions dominating modern economic theory to include culture, ideas, and religious beliefs in the analysis of economic behavior, the economic and social theorizing developed by these scholars advances a framework that has significant affinities with CST’s foundational critique of economic concepts and theories and with its normative position regarding the nature and functioning of social and economic systems.     

京沪服务业增长比较分析

利用1978年至2009年的时间序列数据,基于鲍莫尔—富克斯提出的服务业就业份额增长的影响因素理论,对北京和上海的服务业增长进行了实证检验及比较。从计量分析结果来看,京沪服务业劳动生产率的增长都相对滞后,这是两市服务业就业增长较快的主因,而这也正符合鲍莫尔—富克斯假说的基本观点。但是具体说来,北京和上海的服务业增长也存在着明显差异:影响北京服务业就业增长的因素中仅有服务业劳动生产率增长滞后的影响是显著的,地区人均收入增长这一因素的影响则不显著;而服务业劳动生产率增长滞后和人均收入增长这两个因素对上海服务业就业增长均产生了显著的积极影响。     

非对称信息视域下的收入分配机制探讨

改革开放以来,随着我国经济实力的增强,社会财富的迅速增加,居民收入的大幅增长,收入分配不公问题越发凸显出来。收入分配问题已成为全社会特别是经济学关注的热点问题。针对我国现阶段收入分配过程中存在的问题,本文从信息不对称的角度对我国收入分配机制进行了探讨,并从限制垄断行业、改善劳资关系及改革个税政策等方面,提出了改进我国收入分配机制的几点建议。     

我国劳动收入份额下降影响因素分析

利用中国省际面板数据实证分析了近年来中国劳动收入份额持续下降的影响因素,结果表明,二元经济结构的强度和人力资本均与劳动收入份额之间呈显著负相关。基于此,认为要扭转劳动收入份额下降的趋势,根本途径是消除二元经济结构,通过提高农业的比较劳动生产率和降低城乡收入差距来加快向一元经济结构过渡。     

城乡统筹发展背景下的农民增收策略研究

"三农"问题的根本是农民问题,解决农民问题的关键就是解决农民的收入问题。文章论证了增加农民收入的重要意义,并提出了切实增加农民收入的具体解决方案。     

Good neighbours matter: economic geography and the diffusion of human rights

Using multi-country panel data, this paper investigates the geopolitical and economic aspects of human rights performance. Human rights performance depends on the relative levels of economic development and spatial proximity to ‘good’ and ‘bad’ neighbours. The paper tests for basic effects of income, and applies spatial weighting models, to analyse the neighbours’ impact on human rights levels, treating this impact as partly endogenous. It takes into account size and distance when comparing each country’s human rights performance with what would be predicted from a weighted average of its neighbours’ performance. There are (1) geographical clusters and (2) size and proximity effects for human rights performance.     

中外住房保障体系比较研究

建立完善的城市住房保障体系是市场机制的必要补充,也是国家社会政策和社会保障制度的重要组成部分。为了实现社会公平,保障居民特别是中低收入阶层居民的居住权,政府必须采取有效措施解决中低收入家庭的居住问题。本文总结和归纳了其他国家的住房保障体系模式,分析了中国住房保障体系构建的历史过程和当前住房保障体系的内容。通过对比,进而发现中国的住房保障系统存在的主体问题和矛盾,提出适合我国住房保障体系发展的对策和建议。     

基于新产品开发的动态联盟利益分配过程研究

动态联盟的利益分配是组织能够持续发展的基础。新产品开发动态联盟利益分配问题是影响新产品开发成功与否的重要因素。文章在分析了新产品开发动态联盟利益分配的原则及影响因素的基础上建立了利益分配流程,并对其中要素价值确定进行了研究。     

新生代农民工住房保障的阙如与重构

新生代农民工怀抱着扎根城市的梦想,但是这种梦想却因为高房价、低收入以及政策限制等因素所引致的住房保障不足而可能成为一种奢望。在一定意义上,农民工住房保障的不足已经成为农民工市民化进程的"瓶颈"。故解决新生代农民工的住房问题,保障其基本居住权利,已是城市建设的当务之急。在总结各地实践经验的基础上,认为着力提高农民工的收入水平,进一步推动户籍改革以及将农民工纳入城镇住房保障体系,提供多渠道的住房服务等,是解决农民工市民化问题的根本。     

Food Deserts and Real‐Estate‐Led Social Policy

Since the early 2000s in the United States, food deserts—neighborhoods in which households have limited geographic access to full‐service supermarkets or grocery stores— have become conceptually central in public policy research on food security. Analyzing this phenomenon from a ‘policy mobility’ perspective, this article traces the food desert's emergence in policy discourse, locating it within an entrepreneurial social policy paradigm that privileges real estate development over direct economic relief. In the context of property‐led anti‐poverty efforts, the identification and mapping of food deserts catalyzes a logic that leads to subsidy to grocery store development in low‐income areas (or ‘fresh food financing’), while at the same time officials are cutting programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (food stamps), which directly supplements household food budgets. The article contributes to widening critical discussion of the food desert paradigm and the policy interventions with which it is associated. It calls on urban researchers and practitioners to reframe discussions of food access and nutrition around the shortage of basic income and a need for higher wage floors.     

Bilateral redistribution

We explore the implications of three basic and intuitive axioms for income redistribution problems: continuity, no transfer paradox and stability. The combination of the three axioms characterizes in the two-agent case a large family of rules, which we call threshold rules. For each level of total income in society, a threshold is considered for each agent. It is impossible for both agents to be below their respective thresholds. If an agent’s income is below the threshold, the difference is redistributed from the other agent; otherwise, the rule imposes laissez-faire.     

Marginal effects of public employment on unconditional distribution of wage income in China

This paper examines the marginal effects of an employment expansion in China’s public sector on the unconditional distribution of “wage income” using the unconditional quantile estimation suggested by Firpo et al. (2009). Empirical data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey is split into three sub-samples to eliminate the effects of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 and the subprime financial crisis in 2008 on our empirical results. To explore the marginal effects, the empirical unconditional distributions of wage income “before” and “after” an expansion of the public employment have been graphed and compared. It has been found that an expansion of China’s public employment reduces the dispersion of wage income and hence alleviates income inequality in China. Besides, an expansion of public employment makes the symmetrical unconditional distribution of wage income become leftward skewed. Given these findings, an expansion of the public employment caused by the strategy of “guojin mintui” could mitigate China’s income inequality.     

Distributional Effects of a Continuous Treatment with an Application on Intergenerational Mobility

This paper considers the effect of a continuous treatment on the entire distribution of outcomes after adjusting for differences in the distribution of covariates across different levels of the treatment. Our methodology encompasses dose-response functions, counterfactual distributions, and ‘distributional policy effects’ depending on the assumptions invoked by the researcher. We propose a three-step estimator that consists of (i) estimating the distribution of the outcome conditional on the treatment and other covariates using quantile regression; (ii) for each value of the treatment, averaging over a counterfactual distribution of the covariates holding the treatment fixed; (iii) converting the resulting counterfactual distribution into parameters of interest that are easy to interpret. We show that our estimators converge uniformly to Gaussian processes and that the empirical bootstrap can be used to conduct uniformly valid inference across a range of values of the treatment. We use our method to study intergenerational income mobility where we consider effects of parents’ income on features of their child's income distribution such as (i) the fraction of children with income below the poverty line; (ii) the variance of child's income; and (iii) the inter-quantile range of child's income–all as a function of parents’ income.     

人力资本、培训成本与跨国服务外包

基于人力资本差异而形成的团队合作是国际服务外包的典型特征。运用简单的两国模型分析培训成本及人力资本水平对服务外包团队合作决策和收益的影响,研究结果表明:跨国团队的培训成本是国际外包决策的重要影响因素;团队协作成本不同的条件下,培训成本对发包方的收入影响不同;接包国的人力资本水平越高,发包国获得的收入越高,越有动力实施服务外包。     

Procedures and Consistency Versus Flexibility and Commitment In Employee Relations: A Comment On Storey

Jon Clark, who is Professor of Industrial Relations at Southampton University, comments on one of the most important issues raised in John Storey's Developments in the Management of Human Resources: the contrast between the ‘procedure and consistency’ of the IR/ personnel tradition and the ‘business need, flexibility and commitment’ of the HRM tradition. In particular, he queries whether HRM can be successful without a firm basis in ‘procedure and consistency’.     

高收入家庭的理财规划方案

刘先生家庭年度结余77万余元,为典型的421型高收入家庭。刘先生是做磷矿生意的,收入高风险也大,刘太太是农行柜员,收入较稳定,家有女儿读幼儿园,还有四老需要赡养。本理财规划方案在介绍刘先生家庭成员及资产情况基础上,编制家庭资产负债表和收入支出表,分析各项资产比率,指出刘先生家庭现阶段资产配置的不合理之处,旨在对该家庭进行现金规划、教育规划、住房规划、保险规划和投资规划。通过规划,该家庭的理财目标得以实现。     

Global estimates of growth–inequality–poverty (GIP) triangle: evidence from World Bank’s classification countries

This study extended the concept of ‘growth–inequality–poverty (GIP) triangle’ by using the principle component approach which allows us to composite different poverty and inequality indicators into one single index that contains most of the useful information from the original dataset. Using the idea of GIP triangle, this study examines the long-run relationship among weighted poverty index (which comprises headcount ratio, poverty gap and squared poverty gap); weighted inequality index (i.e., Watts Index, Gini Index and MLD Index) and average monthly per capita income in the designated 138 countries according to World Bank’s classification over a period of 2005–2010. The data set mainly contain countries’ unit record household survey at least one which is conducted between the countries during the sample period. The regression model encompassing the impact of economic growth and income inequality on poverty reflects that income inequality increases poverty while economic growth decreases poverty. It indicates that the impact of inequality in increasing poverty is a somewhat greater than that of growth in average income in reducing overall poverty in a sample countries. The other regression model encompassing the impact of economic growth and poverty on income inequality showed that the poverty itself is also likely to be a barrier for poverty reduction; and inequality seems to predict lower future growth rates. The final regression model depicting the impact of poverty and income inequality on mean income of the household suggests that poverty itself reduces mean income of the household while income inequality increases economic growth. The results are interesting and simply suggest that whenever social institutions malfunction, the incidence of damage would usually be distributed unevenly over the society’s members.     

论国际垂直专业化分工的工资效应——基于浙江制造业数据的实证分析

在全球生产网络化的背景下,中国制造业广泛参与国际垂直专业化分工,对劳动收入分配产生了重要影响。本文以外向经济较为发达的浙江省为例,测算了浙江26个制造业部门参与垂直专业化分工的程度,并就垂直化专业分工对浙江制造业工资收入的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果显示:浙江制造业部门参与国际垂直专业化分工总体上提升了行业工资收入水平;垂直专业化分工对制造业工资收入的促进作用在资本密集型行业中比在劳动密集型行业中更大。本文最后就如何提升浙江制造业工资水平、缩小行业工资差距提出了相应对策建议。