基于相关性的麻黄配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱研究

为更好地评价麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的一致性,分别建立麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的HPLC特征图谱,使用Wondasil C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm,分别得到10批麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的特征图谱,并进行关联性分析。结果表明,麻黄配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱中的13个共有峰均能在水煎剂中得到追踪,11个共有峰可在饮片中得到追踪。经方法学考察认为,所建立的麻黄配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱方法稳定,具有较高的重复性、稳定性及可信度,可用于麻黄配方颗粒、饮片和水煎剂的一致性评价,也可为麻黄配方颗粒的质量控制提供参考。     

知母饮片、水煎剂和配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱相关性研究

为了考察知母饮片、水煎剂和配方颗粒之间化学成分的差异,采用HPLC法对三者的指纹图谱进行了相关性研究。选用Inertsil ODS-3柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以乙腈为流动相A,1%醋酸为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为265nm,采集时间为100min,分别建立10批知母饮片、10批知母水煎剂与10批知母配方颗粒的指纹图谱。结果显示,10批知母配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱的9个指纹峰均可在饮片中得到追踪,相似度均大于0.95,从9个共有峰中指认出芒果苷,知母饮片、水煎剂和配方颗粒的主要化学成分基本相同。本研究所建立的指纹图谱方法重复性、稳定性好,可用于饮片、配方颗粒生产过程中的质量控制。     

山楂标准汤剂的HPLC特征图谱研究

为了进一步研究山楂配方颗粒的质量控制方法,以山楂标准汤剂为研究对象,采用高效液相色谱仪与GL science C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5.0μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.4%磷酸为流动相,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为254 nm,应用特征图谱技术以及中药指纹图谱相似度评价软件提取山楂标准汤剂特征图谱中的特征成分。研究表明,15批山楂标准汤剂中共确定了7个特征峰,分离度较好,且峰面积较大,易于识别,使用参照物标定了3个特征峰成分,各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD值小于2.5%。所建立的山楂标准汤剂HPLC特征图谱方法可靠、稳定,为山楂配方颗粒质量控制提供了一定的参考。     

葛根水煎剂和配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱相关性研究

为了能全面准确地反映葛根配方颗粒和水煎剂成分的一致性和葛根配方颗粒替代传统饮片的可行性,对葛根配方颗粒和水煎剂的特征图谱进行了相关性研究。采用华谱XAqua C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-0.1%冰醋酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为250nm,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为25℃,采集时间为41min,分别建立10批葛根水煎剂和10批葛根配方颗粒的特征图谱。结果表明,10批葛根配方颗粒HPLC特征图谱的8个特征峰均可在水煎剂中得到追踪,相似度均大于0.99,并从8个共有峰中指认出葛根素。葛根水煎剂和配方颗粒的主要化学成分基本相同,且共有成分含量比例相近,为中药配方颗粒替代传统饮片的可行性以及临床研究提供了重要依据。     

白鲜皮饮片标准汤剂质量评价体系构建

为了提高白鲜皮配方颗粒的质量标准,采用15批白鲜皮饮片标准汤剂,建立了质量评价体系。第1次加入10倍的水、浸泡30 min、煎煮20 min,第2次加入8倍的水、煎煮15 min,以标准化工艺制备标准汤剂,采用HPLC法测定黄柏酮和梣酮的含量及指纹图谱。结果显示:15批白鲜皮标准汤剂中黄柏酮的转移率为25.08%~44.08%,平均转移率为34.79%,标准偏差为5.37%;梣酮转移率为22.63%~32.86%,平均转移率为27.94%,标准偏差为3.56%;出膏率为20.56%~34.42%,平均出膏率为29.05%,标准偏差为3.33%。采用中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统进行指纹图谱测定,得到共有峰10个,指认出白鲜碱、黄柏酮、梣酮3个峰。由此可知,白鲜皮饮片标准汤剂的制备工艺规范,样品质量稳定,指纹图谱相似度大于0.92,可用于白鲜皮配方颗粒的质量控制,并为白鲜皮饮片标准汤剂的应用和其他根茎类饮片的研究提供参考。     

丹绿补肾胶囊HPLC特征图谱

为了提高丹绿补肾胶囊的质量控制标准,采用高效液相色谱法,对其特征图谱进行了方法学考察。选用phenomenex Luna C18(2)(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为220nm,建立了丹绿补肾胶囊特征图谱。结果表明:在优化的色谱条件下,丹绿补肾胶囊中的各成分得到了较好分离,以胡椒碱为参照峰,确定了7个共有峰,计算得出了各特征峰与S峰的相对保留时间。10批共有峰相对保留时间的RSD值均小于1.0%,相对峰面积的RSD值均小于2.0%。所建立的特征图谱能较好地评价丹绿补肾胶囊的产品质量,为提高该制剂的质量标准提供了数据基础。     

莲子心饮片含量测定方法优化

为了解决提取效率低而导致的市售莲子心含量项鲜有合格的问题,对莲子心饮片中有效成分的提取方法进行优化。分别对莲心碱的提取方式、提取溶剂以及提取溶剂体积进行了考察,利用优化后的提取方法制备莲子心饮片供试品溶液,选用Kromasil 100-5-C_(18)(4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.015 mol/L十二烷基磺酸钠溶液-冰醋酸(体积比55∶44∶1)为流动相,在流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为284 nm,进样量为10μL条件下,进行含量测定。结果表明,最佳的提取条件为选择25 mL 0.08%盐酸甲醇溶液作为提取溶剂,超声提取40 min;优化后的提取方法使莲心碱的含量测定较稳定,莲心碱的提取效率得到显著的提升;莲心碱进样量在36.9～369.5 ng时,线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为1.79%。优化后的提取方法操作简便,提取率高,重复性好,方法准确,可为莲心碱的提取以及后续莲子心饮片质量标准的制定提供参考依据。     

浮小麦配方颗粒特征图谱及4种核苷类成分定量研究

为了实现浮小麦配方颗粒的质量控制和评价,采用高效液相色谱法,以Waters XSelect^? HSS T3(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm)为色谱柱,在甲醇-水为流动相、梯度洗脱、柱温为30℃、流速为1.0 mL/min、检测波长为260 nm的条件下,建立了浮小麦配方颗粒的特征图谱及4种核苷类成分的含量测定方法。共确定了13批浮小麦配方颗粒特征图谱中的8个共有峰,并全部获得指认,分别为尿嘧啶、胞苷、次黄嘌呤、尿苷、腺嘌呤、鸟苷、色氨酸、腺苷,各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD均小于2.0%。尿嘧啶、尿苷、鸟苷、腺苷分别在0.001 9～0.047 3 mg/mL、0.003 9～0.098 2 mg/mL、0.002 8～0.070 1 mg/mL、0.002 9～0.073 0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000 0),平均加样回收率分别为99.0%、100.7%、101.2%、101.8%。所建立的核苷类成分含量测定方法准确、高效、重复性好,可用于浮小麦配方颗粒的质量控制。     

基于UPLC特征图谱与主成分分析的白芷配方颗粒质量评价

为了评价不同厂家白芷配方颗粒的产品质量,建立了白芷配方颗粒的特征图谱与主成分分析方法。采用Waters Uplc Class H超高效液相色谱仪与Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-水为流动相,柱温为25℃,流速为0.2mL/min,检测波长为254nm,利用指纹图谱相似度评价软件提取白芷配方颗粒特征图谱中的特征成分,使用参照物标定5个特征峰的成分;采用SPSS 19.0软件进行主成分分析,给出了不同厂家白芷配方颗粒在2个主成分上的分布图,并对不同厂家白芷配方颗粒进行了综合评分。结果表明:10批白芷配方颗粒特征图谱确定的13个特征峰中,指认出了花椒毒酚、水合氧化前胡素、欧前胡素、蛇床子素、异欧前胡素5种成分;以回归得到的3个主成分的矩阵回归系数与方差贡献值的乘积之和作为10批样品的综合评分,排名第一的综合评分为1.77。基于UPLC特征图谱与主成分分析法能够快速、有效地检测和评价白芷配方颗粒。     

瓜蒌配方颗粒指纹图谱研究

为了全面反映瓜蒌配方颗粒所含多种组分,明确瓜蒌配方颗粒HPLC指纹图谱的测定方法,对10批瓜蒌配方颗粒进行了HPLC指纹图谱测定及相似度评价。采用HPLC方法,色谱柱为GL Sciences公司InertSustain AQ-C_(18)柱(4.6 nm×250 nm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为260 nm,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为25℃,对瓜蒌配方颗粒指纹图谱测定结果进行了相似度评价。结果表明,10批瓜蒌配方颗粒指纹图谱中呈现16个共有峰,相似度均大于0.960,表明瓜蒌配方颗粒具有良好的一致性;此外,在16个共有峰中指认出腺嘌呤、尿苷2个化学成分。瓜蒌配方颗粒指纹图谱反映了瓜蒌配方颗粒的多组分面貌,可为瓜蒌配方颗粒的多组分质量控制提供参考依据。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。