跨海穿江铸辉煌--记中国石化甬沪宁进口原油管道的建设

甬沪宁管道的建设，是我国管道建设史上的一项重大成就。广大管道建设者以世界先进的科学技术为先导，发挥聪明才智，实现了若干个中国和世界管道建设史上的新突破：在我国首次实现管道穿越长江，圆了我国历代管道人“手牵油龙下江南”的梦想；在宁波黄峙水道穿越中，实现我国首次管道定向钻穿越海峡；杭州湾海底管线施工中，在我国首次运用了具有世界先进水平的海底管线自埋技术，先后创造了海上拖管3562米、海底定向钻穿越1999米的世界同类施工最长纪录……     

音波测漏技术在海洋石油海底输油管道中的应用

某海洋石油中心采油平台至陆地原油终端厂之间通过海底管道输送原油,为保障该条海管安全运行,其安装有一套音波测漏装置用于快速、高效的监测管道泄漏事故的发生。本文综述了海洋石油平台对海底管道进行泄漏检测的常规方法,通过对音波测漏系统原理、技术指标、系统现场实施以及应用效果的分析,说明了音波测漏系统在海底管道泄漏监测中可靠性强、响应迅速,具有良好的应用效果和推广价值。     

海底石油管线使用中的维护和检测技术探讨

目前海洋石油已经是我国的主要开采石油基地,海底石油的开采已经成为了人们关注的课题。海底管线是海洋油气的运输与储存系统的重要组成部分。我国目前所铺设的海底管线长达数千公里,然而随着使用时间的不断推移,有些海底管道出现了不同程度的老化。针对海底石油管线在使用过程中出现的一些问题,本文介绍了在使用过程中的一些维护方法,以及对其进行检测的技术作了一些探讨,希望能对海底石油管道的维护与检测工作有所帮助。     

在役海底挠性管安全风险因素及管控措施

随着海底管道挠性管从浅水区到深水区越来越广泛的应用，其安全运行状况直接关系到油气田的开采、运输等生产活动。考虑挠性管所处海底环境复杂多变，且存在多种潜在风险，因此，对其失效因素及应对措施的研究势在必行。文章在分析汇总海底挠性管各层失效模式和失效因素的基础上，对比钢制海底管道，有针对性的给出在役挠性管的风险管控措施，并提出应用过程中的关注要点。     

海底管线施工中质量监督应注意的几个问题

通过一次海底输送管线施工质量监督工作,指出我国海底管线建设中现场质量监督不仅仅是与国际接轨、走国际惯例所采取的形式,更主要的是在这种工作模式中只有抓关键工序,发现和解决实际问题,才能保证海底管线的施工质量,进而使铺管质量隐患降至最低程度。     

基于层次分析法和灰色理论的海底管道电加热方法的选择

针对海底管道流动安全保障技术方案的选择问题,采用层次分析法和灰色理论进行综合评价,考虑投资费用、热效率、可靠性、适用长度、施工难易程度及水深6个因素,建立了海底管道电加热方案的综合评价体系模型。首先采用层次分析法确定模型中每项因素的权重,然后利用灰色分析理论计算海底管道电加热各方案的最终关联度从而综合评价其优劣,并以海上油田WHPA平台通过长约5.3 km的海底管道输送至平台B的电加热方案为例,进行了综合评判检验。用这种方法选择出的电加热方案能最大程度实现安全、高效、经济的输送原油目的,获得了比较满意的效果。     

深水钻井隔水管可靠性研究

深水钻井隔水管是连接海底井口和钻井平台的重要部件,其主要功能是提供井口防喷器与钻井平台之间的泥浆往返通道,支持辅助管线,引导钻具,作为下放与撤回井口防喷器组的载体.隔水管可靠性关系到整个钻井作业的顺利完成,甚至整个钻井平台的安全.建立了深水钻井隔水管连接模式和悬挂模式下的力学分析模型,识别了隔水管系统在不同作业模式下的限制准则;分别进行了连接作业窗口、下放与回收作业窗口、硬悬挂作业窗口和软悬挂作业窗口分析,并建立隔水管系统作业可靠性分析方法;以隔水管疲劳为研究对象,介绍隔水管波激疲劳和涡激疲劳分析方法,建立隔水管综合疲劳寿命及其可靠性分析模型:考虑失效概率和失效后果建立隔水管失效风险矩阵,形成一套深水钻井隔水管完整性管理方案,主要包括风险分析、基于风险的检测及监测和隔水管完整性管理3部分.相关研究成果为隔水管可靠性评估、海上钻完井作业和隔水管完整性管理提供参考,同时也为进一步丰富隔水管规范的组织机构提供参考.     

天然气海底管线清管作业中水合物的抑制与计算

针对天然气海底管线清管作业中水合物产生，造成海管冻堵，降低输气能力的问题。开展对某天然气海上平台海底管线清管作业中，研究海管历史运行参数，预测海管水合物生成的影响因素，优选出模型计算和防治措施，确认通球外输量及计算清管时间，定量计算出甲醇抑制剂的浓度及用量。历时96 h，某天然气海上平台顺利完成清管作业，有效抑制了水合物生成，海管携液量均在预测范围内，偏差仅5%。上述研究对预防长输管线水合物生成与治理具有极为重要的意义。     

球墨铸铁管在大口径给水管网工程的应用探讨

文章从球墨铸铁管的延展性与韧性、安全可靠性、输水能力等方面对球墨铸铁管在大口径给水管网工程应用中常见的问题进行了相关探讨,并对球墨铸铁管的特性及铺设中的管基处理、管道借转角度的控制、支墩的设置、管道输水能力等问题进行了分析、比对与总结,为球墨铸铁管在大口径给水管网工程中的广泛应用提供参考。     

技术攻关解管线凝管难题

革新者：中石化集团管道储运公司魏岗输油站 日前,中石化集团管道储运公司魏岗输油站针对输油加热炉、锅炉燃烧器燃油管线低温易凝管的问题,组织技术人员和生产骨干联合攻关,终于解决了这一困扰冬季安全生产的难题。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。