副溶血性弧菌REP-PCR分型研究

[目的]了解食品中分离的副溶血性弧菌REP-PCR分子型别,探讨DiversiLab系统对副溶血性弧菌的分型能力。[方法]采用以REP-PCR为原理的DiversiLab系统对食品中分离的21株副溶血性弧菌进行分子分型,分析菌株之间的相关性,并与PFGE分型结果比较。[结果]DiversiLab将21株副溶血性弧菌分成16个群,菌株之间的相似度64.5%-99.1%,分离自相同食品中的副溶血性弧菌在REP-PCR聚类图中分在同一个群;7株副溶血性弧菌PFGE分型结果产生7种不同的PFGE型别,菌株之间不相关,在REP-PCR聚类图中分在7个不同的群中。[结论]食品中分离的副溶血性弧菌REP-PCR型别分散,未表现出地区特异性;DiversiLab简便、快速、分辨率高,可应用于副溶血性弧菌的快速分型和溯源。     

针对hly基因快速筛检食品中霍乱弧菌实时荧光PCR方法的研究

[目的]研制一种供基层疾病控制和口岸检疫单位日常疫情监测使用的对水产品、食品、外环境水中的O1群、O139群和非O1群、非O139群霍乱弧菌都可进行筛检的实时荧光PCR快速检测方法及其通用试剂体系.以早期进行流行株的鉴定,分析外环境疫情变化.[方法]针对霍乱弧菌溶血素基因(hly)设计引物和探针,取标准O1、O139、非O1非O139群霍乱菌种各10株,其他肠道菌种21株同时做荧光PCR测试其特异性;用标准菌株系列稀释敏感度测试、实际样品稀释染菌敏感度测试、实际样品不经增菌直接检测低限实验、实际样品经过夜培养增菌检测低限实验等测试其敏感性;通过日常实际样品对方法的应用和实验室间验证考察其符合性.[结果]实验与对照菌株51株只有霍乱弧菌产生S型扩增荧光曲线,其它同源和非同源菌株均未产生S型荧光扩增曲线,设计的引物探针具有强特异性;通用霍乱弧菌实时荧光PCR试剂体系直接检测染菌样本的检测低限为103cfu/mL;对染菌样本经过夜培养增菌检测低限分别在霍乱弧菌O1群为2.1cfu/g、霍乱弧菌O139群为1.4cfu/g、霍乱弧菌非O1非O139群为3.4cfu/g;实际样本检测252例阳性检出情况与常规方法一致.实验室间验证结果同实验一致.[结论]研制的通用霍乱弧菌实时荧光PCR试剂体系具有快速、准确、实用、敏感性强的优点,值得在各检测部门推广应用.     

一次巧克力中沙门氏菌检验能力验证结果与分析

目的:考察实验室对沙门氏菌的检验能力。方法:样品的前处理按作业指导书要求,检验按照GB4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》对编号分别为CODE0461、CODE0593、CODE0615的3份巧克力样品进行沙门氏菌检验,并对阳性菌株进行血清学鉴定。结果:CODE0461、CODE0615样品均未检出沙门氏菌,CODE0593检出双相亚利桑那沙门氏菌。结论:通过此次能力验证,辽宁省食品检验检测院微生物检测所的检测能力得到了有效验证和提高。     

O9群沙门氏菌胶体金检测试剂盒的研制

[目的] 为快速检测O9群沙门氏菌研制检测试剂盒.[方法] 应用胶体金免疫层析法研制O9群沙门氏菌胶体金检测试剂盒,并与国标法进行水平测试.[结果] 该试剂盒测定的结果与国标法基本一致,且该试剂盒具有灵敏度高,特异性强,无交叉反应,精密准确.[结论] 可用于食物中毒流行病调查、食品卫生、动物疫病监测中的快速检测.     

化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌检验方法探讨

[目的]对4种鉴定方法进行比较分析,以找出适合于化妆品绿脓杆菌检验的准确快速的鉴定方法。[方法]同时采用微量生化管、API 20NE试验条、VITEK-32和VITEK2 COMPACT微生物鉴定仪4种方法对不同类型的出口化妆品进行铜绿假单胞菌的检验、鉴定。[结果]5株可疑绿脓杆菌中有1株经手工鉴定为非绿脓杆菌,经API 20NE试验条鉴定得出结果是恶臭假单胞菌,而VITEK-32和VITEK2 COMPACT微生物仪器鉴定是铜绿假单胞菌;其余4株用4种方法鉴定,结果均为绿脓杆菌。[结论]在鉴定可疑绿脓杆菌时,手工生化方法只能得出是或否的结论;API 20NE试验条可得出具体的种属名称及鉴定分析;VITEK微生物仪器则可能出现误判。     

用FQ-PCR方法快速检测水产品中副溶血弧菌

[目的]采用荧光定量PCR技术,研制适合各层次实验室使用的,快速、准确地检测与鉴定食品中副溶血弧菌污染的定性、定量检测试剂盒.[方法]根据副溶血弧菌gyrase基因序列,设计并合成特异性引物和荧光标记探针,将扩增后的特异片断制成阳性模板,绘制标准曲线.以副溶血弧菌菌株8株及同源及非同源参考菌株24株,做特异性检测;将阳性污染菌按梯度加入阴性样品为模拟样本,做敏感性检测.同时使用PE7000型定量PCR仪和国产DA620微量荧光检测仪检测.[结果]该方法有良好的特异性8株副溶血弧菌结果均为阳性,而其他24株菌株均为阴性(其中8株是弧菌科,其它15株分别来自不同的菌属);该方法有良好的敏感性阳性模板浓度与定量曲线循环阈值之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数达到0.9871.直接进行定量检测,则检测低限在102cfu/g;经过24小时增菌培养,检测低限可达2cfu/g.[结论]该方法特异性强、敏感性高,操作简便快速,能避免常规PCR方法易污染的缺陷,在国产仪器上测试同样取得较好的敏感性和特异性,便于基层实验室使用,具有很好的推广应用前景.     

肉制品中沙门氏菌污染状况及血清分型分析

沙门氏菌是重要的食源性致病菌之一,不同的沙门氏菌血清型对于人和动物的致病性不尽相同,了解肉制品中沙门氏菌污染情况并进行血清型研究对食品安全有着重要的意义。按照食品安全国家标准方法 GB4789.4-2010对采集的肉制品共75份进行沙门氏菌的污染情况进行检测,并采用传统的血清凝集法和全自动微生物基因指纹鉴定系统(Ribo Printer~?)对分离到的沙门氏菌进行血清分型鉴定。对分离纯化的沙门氏菌进行了血清分型,两种方法分析结果一致:检出的沙门氏菌有鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、斯坦利沙门氏菌、姆班达卡沙门氏菌和沃兴顿沙门氏菌,均是能引起食物中毒的沙门氏菌血清型。肉制品中存在沙门氏菌的污染,提醒相关部门做好监控,以预防食源性疾病的发生。     

沙门氏菌检测能力验证结果分析

本实验室参加了NIFDC-PT-135巧克力中沙门氏菌检验能力验证,检验方法如下,按照作业指导书要求及GB4789.4-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验沙门氏菌检验》中的方法,将3份巧克力样品进行沙门氏菌的分离、生化实验和血清分型。运用全自动荧光免疫分析系统进行初步筛查,全自动微生物生化鉴定系统对疑似菌株进行鉴定。结果显示,编号CODE0375检出肠道沙门菌双相亚利桑那亚种,编号CODE0770、CODE0766均检出鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。本实验顺利完成,与考核方结果一致,获得满意结果。最后得出结论,参加能力验证能够提高检验机构的检验水平,亦可增加检验机构检验结果的可靠性,是检验机构内部质量控制的有效方式。     

水产品中创伤弧菌的选择性分离

[目的]对水产品中创伤弧菌的选择性分离及纯化培养技术进行研究.[方法]样品经高速匀浆处理后,在2%氯化钠蛋白胨水中增菌,39℃±1℃培养16～18 h;划线接种mCPC选择培养基,35℃±1℃培养16～18 h;挑取可疑菌落接种TSA纯化培养基35℃±1℃培养16～18 h;进行生化试验鉴定.[结果]应用39℃培养、mCPC选择分离能准确地检测和分离水产品中存在的创伤弧菌.     

一株新的沙门氏菌（Salmonella Kunming 68：r：z6）

[目的]对一株从缅甸进口虾中分离的沙门氏茵新血清型的鉴定.[方法]采用常规生化试验和免疫血清凝集素吸收与位相逆转试验及噬菌体裂解试验方法.[结果]该菌生化反应符合肠道沙门氏菌肠道亚种(S.enterica subsp.enterica)定义和能被沙门氏菌O-I噬菌体裂解.免疫家兔所得O和H抗血清经凝集素吸收试验证实该菌具有一个新的O抗原(暂命名为O:68),位相逆转试验证实其抗原式为O:68:r:z6.[结论]该菌是Kauffmann-White表解尚未叙述过的一个新血清型,暂命名为昆明沙门氏菌(Salmonella Kunming).     

进口冷冻肉类沙门氏菌快速检验方法的研究

〔目的〕建立一种简便、快速、灵敏、准确的沙门氏菌检验方法。〔方法〕以传统标准方法为基础,与实时荧光PCR快速检测技术结合使用。〔结果〕检验进口冷冻禽畜肉样品3177份,检出沙门氏菌105份。〔结论〕该方法的应用使沙门氏菌阴性样品得以快速放行,沙门氏菌阳性样品的鉴定更准确、科学,在进口动物源性食品的检验检疫工作中具有意义。     

动物源性食品中志贺氏菌的分离与鉴定

本文对某注册进出口食品企业进行了为期6个月的动物源性食品原料志贺氏菌检测,样品包含5个品种共计180份,结果分离到1株可疑志贺氏菌,检出率为0.56%。经分离培养,革兰氏染色形态学观察,生化试验和血清学试验鉴定为福氏志贺氏菌,血清型为3a型。然后分析它们被污染的可能原因,并提出相应控制措施,为出口企业提产品品质、生产优质食品提供参考依据,确保出口食品的质量安全。     

Relational Psychoanalytic Perspective on the Negotiation Dialogue: Using the Rorschach Inkblot Method for Assessing Integrative Complexity

Negotiation theory encompasses a broad range of phenomena and makes use of a variety of perspectives. Applications of theoretical constructs referring to different realms of personality functioning (e.g., cognitive, affective, interpersonal) for understanding negotiators’ decision making have become quite common in the field. Nevertheless, the methodology used for personality assessment still needs to be broadened so as to encompass a variety of assessment tools that can be used for obtaining a more comprehensive view on negotiators’ personality functioning in relation to task performance. In line with two previous studies, published in Group Decision and Negotiation (Tibon in Group Decis Negot 9(1):1–15, 2000, Group Decis Negot 17(6):541–552, 2008) we suggest using the Rorschach Inkblot Method to extend our understanding of mental functioning within the context of negotiators’ decision making.     

脱毒菜籽多肽毒理学试验研究

本文对脱毒菜籽多肽的毒理学进行了研究,通过小鼠急性经口毒性试验、鼠伤寒沙门菌/哺乳动物微粒体酶试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验评价菜籽多肽的食用安全性。结果表明,脱毒菜籽多肽对雌雄两种性别的小鼠经口最大耐受剂量均大于15 g/kg·BW,按照急性毒性分级标准规定,该受试物属无毒级;与对照组比较,喂食脱毒菜籽多肽的小鼠经3项遗传毒性试验检测,结果显示均为阴性,表明脱毒菜籽多肽无急性毒性、无诱变活性和致突变作用。脱毒菜籽多肽具有良好的食用安全性,可以作为一种保健食品原料进行开发、利用。     

A framework for communication support in group work with special reference to negotiation systems

Communication is central to all group interactions, including negotiations. Group interfaces can limit or enhance communication flows among participants. Hence, group interface design requires the identification of the communication flows among participants, which in turn requires an identification of the various dimensions of intragroup communication. This article outlines a framework to guide researchers in examining the communication needs of group members in computer-supported collaborative work (CSCW), highlighting its application to the context of negotiation. An analysis of communication flows is provided along four dimensions:concurrency, message, channel andparticipant characteristics. The framework is intended to encourage a detailed focus on key aspects of the group interface, to provide a scheme for categorizing the contributions of empirical work, and to identify factors worthy of empirical scrutiny.An earlier version of this article, A Communication-Based Framework for Group Interfaces in Computer-Supported Collaboration by F. Lim and I. Benbasat, appeared in theProceedings of the 24th Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences, pp. 610–620.     

Influence of virtual communities in purchasing decisions: The participants' perspective

This study intended to fill some gaps in knowledge about virtual communities and their influence on consumers' purchasing decisions. A Brazilian Orkut community, whose central theme is preparing for wedding ceremonies, was investigated to reveal relationships among members and group influences on purchasing decisions. Twenty-one interviews were conducted by telephone. Results unveil a basic code of conduct, suggesting that the community can also act as a normative reference group, with strong identification among participants. Although the central interest – the wedding ceremony and party – could be considered as episodic, many members actively stay in the community after being married, just to help others. Group leaders seemed to be active participants, those with more experience with products related to the group's interests, or those perceived as having refined tastes. There was evidence that purchasing intentions and behavior can be altered as a result of interactions among members.     

Nicknames as identity badges: How self-reflective nicknames can facilitate users’ online social interactions

An Internet nickname is essential in facilitating online interpersonal interactions. It is a pivotal element of interaction that provides other users with an initial impression and affects the decisions and behaviors of users during their online interactions. Although the existing literature has found that nicknames are relevant to users’ psychology and behavior, direct research on the motivation for and the effect of choosing a particular Internet nickname has been very limited. Borrowing from relevant theories on avatars, this paper summarizes the motivations behind Internet nickname choices in terms of three aspects: virtual exploration, social navigation and contextual adaptation. Moreover, from the perspective of collective self-esteem (CSE) and group identification, this research explores the influence mechanism between the motivations underlying Internet nickname choices and users’ online social interactions. A total of 394 samples were obtained from online communities in China to test our research model. We found that virtual exploration, social navigation and contextual adaptation are three motivations for creating Internet nicknames, and they have direct effects on the online social interactions of users. CSE has a full mediating effect between virtual exploration and online social interaction and acts as a mediated variable between social navigation and online social interaction. Group identification fully mediates the relationship between social navigation and online social interaction as well as that between contextual adaptation and online social interaction. The conclusion of this paper provides not only a new perspective for the study of Internet nicknames but also a potentially feasible way to stimulate users’ online social interactions.     

基于3D框架的长江中游城市群经济空间演化研究

从密度、距离和整合3个维度对长江中游城市群经济空间的地理格局和演化特征的研究发现：长江中游城市群是在经济密度、经济距离的推动和经济整合的抑制的共同作用下发展的;长江中游城市群处于2D状态,经济整合将是长江中游城市群未来发展的关键;从子城市群来看,处于3D状态的有江淮城市群和武汉城市圈,而长株潭城市群和环鄱阳湖城市群则处于1D状态,经济距离的改善和经济整合的优化将是长株潭城市群未来发展的重点,经济密度的提高和经济整合的优化将是环鄱阳湖城市群未来发展的重点。     

Small-Sized Suppliers Entering Large Markets: An Ethical Initiative of the Caras do Brasil Program

The Pão de Açúcar Group was a pioneer in food retailing in Brazil and is now one of the largest Brazilian retailers. Working in a pulverized market characterized by small players, the Group produces US$ 20.4 billion in gross sales. It has become the largest employer in the country with 140,000 of employees working in over 1,800 stores, in 18 of the 25 states in Brazil, and covering a sales area of over 2,800,000 m² (Grupo Pão de Açúcar, GPA Consolidado. Resultados 3T12. São Paulo, Brazil, p. 2. November, 1, 2012). The objective of this article is to analyze a business inclusion strategy of the Pão de Açúcar Group. The Caras do Brasil Program (Faces of Brazil) was created in 2002, by the Group directors as an effective initiative, aiming to develop a new sales channel for sustainably handling products. The Program opens opportunities for small suppliers, not only in the Pão de Açúcar chain but also among competitors and in other industries. The Program established some requirements for the producer to become a supplier, aiming to adapt the products to a regular commercialization with the Group. In this way, small producers can now rely on a complete business process, while beforehand the goods were sold mostly through small channels.     

红罐对决 谁的王老吉?

<正>赢了官司就等于赢得一切?经过如此旷日持久的纷争后,"王老吉"这个已有很好知名度的品牌会否被逼入死胡同而渐渐走向灭亡呢?对于未来市场上两种红罐凉茶,竞争才刚刚开始。加多宝集团在17年的凉茶运营中获得了配方、产能、资金、渠道、综合体系的积淀,广州医药集团则有着巨大的品牌优势和集团优势。