国家自主创新能力内涵的研究

目前,对“自主创新”或“自主创新能力”的研究多局限于企业层面,且多局限于技术创新能力方面;而从国家层面对“国家自主创新能力”的研究还比较少。由于“国家自主创新能力”是涉及各种复杂因素的综合性能力,因此,准确界定“国家自主创新能力”这一概念将十分困难。笔者通过对“国家自主创新能力”词义的分解以获得对“国家自主创新能力”的综合理解,即通过正确理解和认识“自主创新”和“国家创新能力”两个概念以正确理解和认识“国家自主创新能力”的内涵。     

调整思路 重点部署 增强自主创新能力

在党的十六届五中全会上,胡锦涛同志将自主创新的作用概括为“三个重要支撑”,即提高自主创新能力,是保持经济长期平稳较快发展的重要支撑,是调整经济结构、转变经济增长方式的重要支撑,也是提高我国国际竞争力和抗风险能力的重要支撑。这“三个重要支撑”,精辟地概括了我国现代化建设进入新的历史起点后,加强自主创新的重大意义和紧迫性。温家宝同志在会议上也强调指出,要把增强自主创新能力作为国家战略,致力于建设创新型国家《。国家中长期科技规划纲要》以自主创新为主线统领全篇,提出了新时期我国科技发展要坚持“自主创新、重点跨越、…     

调整思路 重点部署 增强自主创新能力

在党的十六届五中全会上,胡锦涛同志将自主创新的作用概括为“三个重要支撑”,即提高自主创新能力,是保持经济长期平稳较快发展的重要支撑,是调整经济结构、转变经济增长方式的重要支撑,也是提高我国国际竞争力和抗风险能力的重要支撑。这“三个重要支撑”,精辟地概括了我国现代化建设进入新的历史起点后,加强自主创新的重大意义和紧迫性。温家宝同志在会议上也强调指出,要把增强自主创新能力作为国家战略,致力于建设创新型国家。《国家中长期科技规划纲要》以自主创新为主线统领全篇,提出了新时期我国科技发展要坚持“自主创新、重点跨越、…     

中部地区自主创新能力建设的现状分析与对策研究

“提高自主创新能力、建设创新型国家”是我国新时期的主要战略任务,自主创新是推进中部崛起的首要动力。分析了中部地区自主创新的现状和主要问题,提出了加强中部地区自主创新能力建设的对策建议。     

谈自主创新基本体制的构建

当今世界自主创新能力越来越成为一个国家提高综合国力和国际竞争力的制胜法宝。目前,我国自主创新能力薄弱的问题已经成为发展的“瓶颈”制约,必须尽快改变。文章认为,建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系,各方面齐心协力,共同推动形成自主创新的基本体制架构是提高自主创新能力的正确方向和途径,并从三个方面进行了具体论述。     

努力开创广东自主创新工作的新局面——中共广东省委副书记、省长黄华华专访

广东自主创新能力的目标记者:省委、省政府审时度势,科学决策,提出广东要增创新优势、实现新发展,根本出路在于提高自主创新能力,请问我省提高自主创新能力的目标是什么?黄华华省长:按照胡锦涛总书记关于把广东建设成为“国家重要的高新技术研究开发基地和成果转化基地”,温家宝总理关于广东要“更加注重加速科技进步,增强自主创新能力”的重要指示精神,结合我省实际提出了努力建设创新型广东的宏伟目标:力争到2010年,基本建立适应社会主义市场经济体制、符合科技和产业发展规律的区域自主创新体系;到2020年,全省区域自主创新能力和产业竞争…     

新型工业化条件下加快自主创新问题研究

自主创新是“十一五”期间国家产业政策扶持的重点,是调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节。加快自主创新是目前国家扩大内需,促进经济平稳较快增长,不断提高抵御风险能力的重要举措。加速推进新型工业化必须加快自主创新,不断提高自主创新能力。     

支持自主创新:政府集中采购的力量

“当前,人类社会正在经历一场全球性的科学技术革命。这给各国带来了难得的发展机遇,也带来了严峻挑战。最重要的是要提高自主创新能力”、“要把增强自主创新能力作为国家战略”、“要实行支持自主创新的财税、金融和政府采购等政策,完善自主创新的激励机制”。由此可见,党中央提出的一系列政策是提升我国科技水平和经济竞争能力、提升我国自主创新能力,进而调整经济结构,转变经济增长方式的重大举措。     

实施自主创新战略 建设创新型广东

中共中央在关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议中提出,必须提高自主创新能力,要把增强自主创新能力作为科学技术发展的战略基点和调整产业结构、转变增长方式的中心环节,大力提高原始创新能力、集成创新能力和引进消化吸收再创新能力。为实施自主创新战略,广东省委、省政府高屋建瓴,出台了《关于提高自主创新能力提升产业竞争力的决定》,并配套编制了《广东省产业技术自主创新“十一五”专项规划》。《决定》和《规划》的出台,为广东自主创新指明了发展方向,提出了发展目标,明确了“十一五”期间广东十大自主创新专项,并提出…     

加快推进信息产业发展

推进信息产业和信息化发展,是广东省实施自主创新战略、增强自主创新能力、提高核心竞争力的重要内容和关键支撑力量。信息产业是最能体现创新能力的行业之一,信息产业的技术创新也是我省增强自主创新能力的重要领域。信息技术渗透性强,能够广泛应用于传统产业以及国民经济和社会发展的各个方面,有效提高各个产业和各类企业的自主创新能力,通过推进信息产业的自主创新,将对加快我省自主创新步伐起到重要作用。中共广东省委副书记、省长黄华华同志撰写《加快推进信息产业发展努力提升自主创新能力》一文,对广东“十五”信息化建设取得的成绩进行总结,分析了信息化当前存在的突出问题,要求全省各级政府做好“十一五”时期的信息化工作,必须坚持以科学发展观为统领,抓住发展机遇,创新发展模式,提高发展质量,增强发展后劲,推动我省信息产业和信息化建设继续走在全国前列,为全省经济社会的科学发展、和谐发展作出新的贡献。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.