我国发酵、水泥、造纸类上市公司环境信息披露特征分析

目前，我国上市公司环境信息披露水平在逐年提高，但各行业龙头上市公司在进行环境信息披露时仍存在差异。通过研究发现环境信息披露总体状况好于往年，披露载体大致趋同，披露内容充分体现了政府节能减排降耗的力度，但也存在对一些重要环境指标的量化程度不够，对环境风险信息揭示不足等问题。对此我国政府应尽快对环境信息披露做出统一规范，对环境绩效好的企业予以奖励，企业还需注重日常环境管理相关数据的收集。     

环境会计信息披露的现状分析与对策

环境会计的目标之一是向会计信息使用者提供有价值的环境会计信息。从我国环境信息披露的现状来看，企业环境会计信息披露比较混乱，没有基本的规范可循，使企业的报表使用者无法获得相关的环境信息，所以环境信息披露问题亟待进一步完善和解决。     

环境会计信息披露的措施与目标

环境会计是以货币为主要计量单位，以有关环境法律、法规为依据．计量、记录环境污染、防治、开发和利用的成本费用，并对社会环境的维护和开发形成的效益进行合理计量与报告．综合评估环境绩效及环境活动对企业财务成果影响的一门新兴会计学科。在环境会计领域．首先进入的是环境会计信息披露，即披露企业各种活动对环境产生影响的信息．全面、系统地披露环境会计信息存在诸多制约因素。     

环境信息披露与企业绿色技术创新——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

环境信息披露作为企业对外传递环境信息的重要渠道,深入考察这一新型环境规制方式与企业绿色技术创新之间的关系,对于科学评估其成效进而促进企业绿色发展具有重要意义。本文在理论分析环境信息披露影响企业绿色技术创新的基础上,采用中国上市公司微观数据,从是否披露、披露数量以及披露质量三个维度对环境信息披露进行综合考量,实证检验环境信息披露对企业绿色技术创新的影响。结果表明,是否披露环境信息对企业绿色技术创新并无明显影响,而披露数量与披露质量则产生显著的正向影响。一系列稳健性检验均支持了这一结论。异质性检验结果发现,环境信息披露对企业绿色技术创新的影响,会因企业创新类型、污染程度以及产权性质的不同而有所差异。机制检验结果表明,环境信息披露可以通过缓解企业融资约束和提升企业经营绩效来促进企业绿色技术创新活动的开展。本文结论意味着,进一步深化环境信息披露制度、强化企业环境信息披露行为,将有助于企业的绿色转型与发展。     

企业经营绩效、媒体关注与环境信息披露

督促企业披露有“含金量”的环境信息,对构建绿色金融体系、助力生态文明建设意义重大。基于我国化工行业上市公司2013-2017年的数据,本文从经营不善的视角探讨企业披露环境信息的动机,将环境信息分为“财务类环境信息”和“非财务类环境信息”两类,分析其披露倾向,并讨论媒体关注对上述披露行为的治理作用。研究发现:企业在经营绩效不佳时提升了环境信息披露水平,媒体关注对此起到正向调节作用。值得注意的是,企业原本倾向于披露非财务类环境信息,但在媒体关注的治理作用下,企业更侧重于披露财务类环境信息。所有权异质性分析发现,相比于非国有企业,国有企业更乐于在经营不善时披露环境信息,特别是非财务类环境信息;媒体关注能强化非国有企业经营不善时披露环境信息的动机,促使其增加财务类环境信息的披露,而对国有企业不存在显著影响。本文研究结论有助于投资者更理性地认识企业环境信息披露行为,并为督促各类企业披露有“含金量”的环境信息提供了思路。     

责任指数、公司性质与环境信息披露

企业环境保护与环境信息的披露愈来愈受到各方的重视,2008年上海证券交易所环境信息披露指引的出台和2009年社会责任指数的推出及对指数成份股强制性的环境信息披露要求为环境信息披露的研究进一步规范化奠定了基础。我国上市公司的环境信息披露水平仍然较低;上市公司被纳入社会责任指数成份股之后,提高了其环境信息的披露水平;重污染行业公司的环境信息披露水平高于非重污染行业的公司;国有企业的环境信息披露水平高于非国有企业。本文从环境信息披露规范的制定与完善和对企业环境信息披露的激励与监督两个方面提出了具体的政策建议。     

石油企业环境信息披露问题研究

旨在适应国家低碳经济转型的政策导向,分析石油企业环境信息披露背景,解析石油企业环境信息披露方式,分析石油企业环境信息披露案例,促进石油企业可持续发展。     

我国企业环境信息披露问题初步研究

本文对国际上企业环境信息披露问题做了简要归纳。在此基础上,从环境信息披露立法和实践两个方面分析了我国企业目前进行环境信息披露的现状,针对存在的主要问题提出了促进我国企业进行环境信息披露的几点建议。     

关于环境成本会计信息披露的探讨

完善环境成本会计信息披露的对策措施主要包括：建立健全相关法律法规，加强环境成本会计信息披露的理论和方法研究，改善企业内部与环境保护相关的管理环境，构建与环境信息相关的鉴证和审计体系。     

企业核心竞争力信息的自愿披露战略研究

自愿性信息披露是解决信息不对称问题的重要手段，而核心竞争力作为反映企业持续竞争优势源泉的信息，成为企业自愿性披露战略的重点内容。本文以信息不对称理论、信号理论和经济后果理论为基础．分析了自愿性信息披露的价值．对既有研究中核心竞争力的识别和价值测度问题进行了述评．并围绕核心竞争力信息自愿披露的内容、形式、有效程度以及诉讼回避等问题，对企业核心竞争力信息自愿披露战略进行了探讨。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for Reality Mining

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.