新生代农民工城市生存状况调查

本文通过问卷调查的方式，对两代农民工在城市的生存状态进行了对比分析，从而揭示出新生代农民工的特点。调查结果表明，新生代农民工进城前主要经历是读书，受到的教育程度高、基本不会干农活，主要以追求自我在城市的发展为务工动机，大多数愿意从事工作任务轻、技术性强的工作，他们渴望融入城市，但却处于边缘化的状态。     

新生代农民工培训状况调查分析——以杭州市为例

对新生代农民工开展培训是提升新生代农民工职业技能、促进其融入城市的重要途径.本文通过问卷调查的方式,对在杭州市务工的新生代农民工培训参与现状、未来参与培训需求,以及培训对新生代农民工个人发展的影响等展开描述,对完善新生代农民工培训体系提出相关建议.     

积分入城制度:新生代农民工“市民化”问题的新探索——基于对广州市农民工积分入城制度的实证研究

城市的飞速发展,使得进城务工农民越来越多,且在年龄分布上新生代己占据主体.与老一代农民工相比,他们有着自身的突出特点.这部分群体年龄普遍较小,多为未婚,其结婚生子等人生大事将在务工城市完成.因此,难以融入城市、受户籍所限无法享受到各种城市福利所带来的问题愈加凸显,“市民化”的呼声也愈发强烈.本文基于对广州市积分入城政策的实地调研,总结分析政策实施的现状、尚存在的不足并探索优化措施,同时,分析积分入城制度对于解决新生代农民工“市民化”问题的重要意义.     

新生代农民工市民化进程中的社会保障探究

新生代农民工是对某一部分进城农民的称呼,新生代农民工不同于以往的进城农民,他们具有更高的市民化要求,对城市生活的需求远远高于一般的进城农民,但是因为我国目前的社会保障体系,他们的需求不能得到满足。本文主要就新生代农民工市民化进程中存在的社会保障缺失现象进行分析,对其原因进行探究,并且有针对性的提出一些解决措施和方法,旨在推动新生代农民工的市民化进程。     

新生代农民工城市融入的制约因素及对策

当前,新生代农民工城市融入问题已经成为社会普遍关注的焦点.本文从经济融入、社会融入、文化心理融入层面分析了我国新生代农民工城市融入现状,着重剖析了制约新生代农民工城市融入的制度因素、经济因素、社会因素和个人因素,并从制度层面、社会层面和个人层面提出了促进新生代农民工城市融入的相关政策建议.     

农民工进城务工性别差异的实证分析

本文应用第一手调查资料,从农户行为的微观角度研究了农民工进城的性别差异及其影响因素。分析显示,男女农民工在进城动因和障碍、进城途径、进城费用和收入等方面既表现出一些共同的趋势和规律,也显示出一定的差异性。考虑农民工进城的性别差异,制定相应的政策,将加快我国劳动力转移的步伐。     

新生代农民工留城意愿研究文献综述

农民工问题受到了国内学者的关注,自2001年陆学艺、王春光首次提出“新生代农民工①”的概念以来,学者们掀起了对新生代农民工的研究热潮.本文将国内有关新生代农民工的研究概括为新生代农民工阶层分析、新生代农民工留城意愿的整体状况、影响新生代农民工留城意愿的影响因素研究以及促进新生代农民工城市融合的建议等几个方面. 一、新生代农民工阶层分析 学者们都认识到了农民工的代际分化,认为我国的农民工已经分化成为第一代农民工和新生代农民工两个不同的群体.     

新生代农民工转移与城市化问题研究——以石家庄市新生代农民工转移情况为例

新生代农民工转移和城市化体现着独特特征。首先,由于当前快速的城市化造成了城市的可流动要素集聚密度过高,土地和住房等非流动要素价格增长过快,使得新生代农民工转移的边际成本增加。其次,尽管城市的高支出成本造成了多数新生代农民工面临收入-支出的不对称局面,但由于新生代农民工更倾向于选择城市化,因而需要农民工家庭几代人的储蓄和财力支持,这使得新生代农民工具有叠代投资转移的特征。     

新时代乡村振兴背景下农村劳动力稳岗就业研究——基于Heckman两阶段模型的实证分析

基于中国劳动力动态调查数据，运用Heckman两阶段模型分析农村劳动力进城务工决策和稳岗就业的影响因素。研究结果表明：男性农村劳动力更容易做出进城务工的决策；年龄与进城务工决策负相关，与稳岗就业正相关；学历、月收入、工作经历、技术培训、工作环境、参保情况与进城务工决策和稳岗就业呈正相关关系；与原居住地联系会对进城务工决策和稳岗就业情况产生负向影响；社区/生活区安全情况显著影响农村劳动力的就业稳定性；社会资本相关变量正向影响农村劳动力的就业稳定性；外出务工预期与进城务工决策呈现显著正相关关系。除此之外，从事农业生产年限不同的农村劳动力进城务工决策和稳岗就业的影响因素存在差别。     

二元户籍制度下新生代农民工市民化成本浅析

由于二元户籍制度背后存在着各种隐性权益,导致新生代农民工一系列基本权力保障和公共服务难以享受,使得新生代农民工在市民化过程中要付出巨大的个人成本。本文系统的分析因二元户籍制度存在引起的新生代农民工市民化经济成本和非经济成本,通过相应的制度改革降低市民化成本,使新生代农民工顺利市民化,真正融入到城市中。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.