资源型城市产业转型熵及其对策——基于力学分析的视角

资源型城市若要实现可持续发展,产业必须转型。文章从力学视角分析了资源型城市产业转型熵,首先指出资源型城市产业系统的开放性,定义了产业转型熵,然后从力学视角分析其推动力、牵引力、支撑力和压力四大影响因素,构建力学模型分析资源型城市产业转型熵,最后提出应营造更加开放的发展环境、增强政策的指导性与实践性、大力发展中小型企业,为促进资源型城市产业转型与可持续发展的理论研究提供新思路。     

科学发展观视角下西部资源型城市科学转型研究——以甘肃省为例

伴随着主体资源的桔竭,曾为国家和地区经济发展以及城市化进程做出了重要贡献的资源型城市,将不得不面临转型的现实选择。资源型城市的转型是一项系统工程,不仅是指资源型企业的转型,更是涉及到经济、社会、生态、文化等多种耦合因素的转型。文章以西部地区典型的资源型省份甘肃省为例。从资源型产业周期特点出发,结合甘肃资源型城市转型中所面临的现实问题,提出了在科学发展观指导下甘肃资源型城市科学转型的思路,并在这一思路的基础上提出了促进甘肃资源型城市转型的对策建议,以期对西部其他省份资源型城市转型提供借鉴。     

成长型资源型城市转型路径研究——以榆林市为例

成长型资源型城市良性运行是我国新型工业和城镇化的保障.为了避免成长型资源型城市陷入“资源诅咒”,文章从资源型城市的衰退路径分析入手,认为特殊的要素流动导致了资源型城市衰退路径的资本形成机制,提出成长型资源型城市经济转型成功的关键在于构建可递进的资本形成机制,完善规范资源收益、建设人才与创新递进机制和生态环境建设等保障手段,通过优化产业体系、参与区域分工和参与城市群建设,实现要素优化配置和对物质资本、人力资本的深度利用,最终走上不依赖资源的经济发展路径.     

新型城镇化定调未来

所谓新型城镇化的"新"体现在:遵循工业化与城镇化、农村与城市、农业与工业协调发展的城镇化规律;建立市场主导、民营经济推动的城镇化机制;推进人口、资源、环境协调发展的集约型、可持续的城镇化进程;实行农村劳动力自由流动和供求管理的城镇化体制。转变思路,推动新型城镇化发展,决定着中国转型的成败。     

资源型城市经济转型质量研究——以延安市为例

资源型城市在早期的发展中形成了以资源产业为主的产业结构布局,带来了资源储备减少、生态环境恶化等问题,对当地经济的发展产生较差影响,经济转型是转向高质量发展阶段的必然选择。延安市依靠天然矿产资源优势,经济得到快速发展;但由于对资源产业的过度依赖,经济发展陷入困境,目前处于经济转型的进程中。以延安市为例,构建指标评价体系,科学探究资源型城市经济转型的质量,并为未来发展路径提出优化建议。延安市在全面贯彻新发展理念中,需要通过科学技术创新、构建多元化现代产业体系、增强区域间协同交流等措施,探索出一条特色转型之路。     

基于多种量化方法的资源型城市经济转型绩效评价——以大庆市为例

经济转型是资源型城市可持续发展的必要过程,而经济转型绩效的高低是度量经济转型运行状况的重要指标.文章在总结经济转型绩效评估基本理论的基础上,构建了资源型城市经济转型绩效评价的指标体系.选取大庆市为例,运用变异系数法、熵值法及层次分析法对其经济转型绩效进行了测度分析.分析结果:三种评价方法均表明大庆市经济转型的运行状况较好,在经济指数、环境指教、资源指数都取得了良好的效果,但社会指数进步不快.在产业和企业两个层面分析了就业未达到预期效果的主要原因,并提出了一些建议与对策,为大庆市继续推进经济转型提供参考.     

资源型城市产业转型升级发展水平评价——以辽宁省抚顺市为例

产业转型是资源型城市面临的重要发展问题,探究资源型城市产业转型升级的发展水平,对实现城市高质量发展具有重要意义。以典型的资源型城市辽宁省抚顺市为例,从经济规模、经济结构、经济潜力、基础设施、需求因素等维度选取了10个代表性指标,构建了产业转型升级发展水平评价体系;并基于抚顺市2010—2020年统计数据,采用因子分析的方法测度其产业转型发展水平。结果发现,煤炭资源枯竭、去产能政策、新冠疫情的影响对抚顺市产业升级产生了阻碍,2010—2020年间抚顺市产业转型升级发展水平综合得分由0.181 1下降到-1.188 9。总的来看,该市产业转型水平仍处于较低层级。最后基于研究结果和发现,提出了促进抚顺市产业转型的推进路径。     

路径构造框架下资源型城市转型的演化博弈与仿真分析

中国资源型城市深陷 “资源优势陷阱”， 资源型城市如何成功转型仍是学者们关注的重要问题之一。 本文通过借鉴路径构造理论框架， 构建政府和企业之间的演化博弈模型， 并引入演化仿生学的Lotka-Volterra模型， 分析政府和企业的经济行为对资源型城市转型的演化影响； 最后利ＭＡＴＬＡＢ对演化博弈模型和Ｌ－Ｖ模型进行仿真分析。 结果发现：(1) 资源型城市的 “路径依赖” 问题主要表现为资源型企业和政府出现的技术锁定、 结构锁定、 功能锁定、 认知锁定； (2)四重锁定中， 认知锁定的影响最深， 其次是结构锁定、 技术锁定和功能锁定； 政府相比于企业来说， 所受影响稍小；(3) 企业对新型产业的推广有利于城市转型， 但政府的过度推广会影响转型效率。     

以铜川为例谈资源型城市产业转型

资源型城市的产业转型是一个世界性普遍关注的问题.本文以典型的资源型城市陕西省铜川市为例,分析资源型城市产业转型中在资源禀赋、市场主体、产业结构等方面存在的问题,并提出走出困境的一般方法论.     

资源型产业集群转型过程中的风险研究

文章在阐述资源型产业集群转型背景的基础上,结合文献资料对资源型产业集群转型过程中面临的风险进行了分类,并详细分析了各种风险的影响因素.构建了资源型产业集群转型过程中风险评价指标体系和评价模型,并选取陕西省榆林市能源化工产业集群进行实证研究,对文章提出的风险评价指标体系和模型进行了校验.最后,提出了防范资源型产业集群转型过程中风险的建议.     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Material power and normative conflict in global and local agrifood governance: The lessons of ‘Golden Rice’ in India

This special section aims to investigate the interaction of global and local forces in shaping agrifood governance. It starts from the recognition that a multitude of actors and norms shape today’s agrifood system. The resulting opaqueness of the systems makes it extremely difficult to understand and explain processes and outcomes of agrifood governance. Given the sustainability challenges facing the agrifood system, improvements in our understanding of what the interaction of global and local actors and norms means on the ground are urgently needed, however. The section, therefore, analyses agrifood governance in India across a selected group of cases. It does so by employing a systematic framework emphasizing the material and ideational dimensions of power and their interaction. The section has chosen India as the setting in which to analyze this interaction due to the crucial role the food demand and supply of this rising power plays in today’s agrifood system. This article provides the special sections’ analytical framework, which uses the interplay of material and ideational dimensions of power as a focal lens. In addition, the article applies this framework to an empirical study of the political conflict around GMO foods in India, specifically the case of ‘Golden Rice’.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.