发挥我国产业静态比较优势与培育动态比较优势构想

我国的产业发展具有静态比较优势和动态比较优势。在知识经济条件下，发挥产业动态比较优势具有重要意义，因此应充分发挥静态比较优势，着力培育动态比较优势，以实现我国产业技术跨越的构想。     

中国制造业比较优势变迁的实证分析

采用独立随机增量过程马尔可夫链的方法对中国149个制造业行业的比较优势动态变迁进行实证分析，旨在反映产业比较优势的演变特征。实证分析结果显示，产业比较优势的各个状态均以较高的概率保持在原有状态，由此反映出中国制造业的比较优势模式和专业化分工模式的演变具有固化性的特征。     

全球化背景下以动态比较优势实现产业技术跨越

全球化背景下中国失去了采用传统保护手段来培育动态比较优势，而面对新的机遇和挑战，中国应立足于自身资源禀赋的比较优势，在某些产业的关键环节选择技术跨越来培育动态比较优势；并通过发展高新技术、加强对传统产业的技术改造和提高技术引进效果来有效实施技术跨越，在一定程度上占据国际分工制高点。     

我国西部地区“筑巢引凤”发展策略浅析——基于比较优势理论的视角

“筑巢引凤”是承接产业转移的形象说法,是近些年我国西部欠发达地区承接发达国家或我国发达省区低端产业转移以实现本区发展的重要策略.从全面、整体和动态的比较优势理论看,我国西部贫困地区区域经济发展的“筑巢引凤”发展策略存在一定缺陷,需要不断从局部比较优势向全局比较优势转换,从单一比较优势向综合比较优势转换,从静态比较优势向动态比较优势转换.     

获取动态比较优势的湖南花炮产业发展策略

动态比较优势理论是随着1950年代企业竞争趋向于产品与服务的差异化等新特点而产生的。在技术内生的情况下,静态比较优势并不是永恒,而是随着时间的推移而逐步演进的,需要通过创新,加强政府监管和规划等措施来促进静态比较优势的初始模式发生转化,从而获得持久的动态比较优势。这对分析湖南花炮行业发展现状,通过利用既有产业优势、规划花炮产业长远发展、获取持久的动态竞争优势具有重要意义。     

比较优势战略与赶超战略的选择与思考

加入世界贸易组织后中国经济的发展战略问题倍受关注，且存在比较优势战略和赶超战略的争论，二者都主张利用动态比较优势，但却选择了不同的发展路径。本文分析了比较优势战略的合理性和赶超战略的缺陷，认为目前中国尚不具备以发展高科技产业为发展战略的条件，在不具备条件的情况下实施赶超只能欲速则不达，导致资源的浪费，不利于要素禀赋结构的改善，抑制比较优势的发挥。比较优势的发展战略符合中国的实际，中国的劳动力的比较优势尚未充分发挥出来，入世后继续发展劳动密集型产业或高科技产业链条上的劳动密集型产品的生产。利用比较优势发展中国经济的关键在于提高劳动力素质，将丰富的人力资源转化为人力资本，为此中国应加大教育的投入，在用人机制上进行制度创新。这样才能实现资源优化配置基础上的比较优势的动态化，逐步实现技术进步和产业升级。     

中国产业集聚模式的动态考察

在对世界各国产业集聚模式进行比较研究的基础上，通过对改革开放前后我国产业集聚模式的研究，动态地考察了我国产业集聚的成长与演化过程，指出发展具备比较优势的产业集聚模式是我国产业集聚的现实选择。     

发展服务外包的比较优势及路径选择研究——以杭州市为例

静态比较优势理论把比较优势看作是静态的、不变的,强调依据资源禀赋状况确立主导产业;而动态比较优势理论则认为比较优势是动态的、变动的,强调有选择地培育新的优势产业。实践中要立足现有的静态比较优势创造动态比较优势,以实现产业结构的升级和比较优势的转换。杭州市应立足现有的比较优势:产业基础良好和产业结构不断优化、人力资源充沛、文化底蕴深厚、区位优势明显、民营经济发达等,选择采取建立专门的外包研究机构和外包协会(商会)、加强外包培训、引导民间资本进入外包产业、采取外包投融资并购策略、参与和举办外包博览会、推进公司向全球公司转型等路径以借助外包有力推动杭州城市经济的新发展。     

生物产业竞争潜力与竞争力变化趋势的动态分析

一国的生物技术产业竞争力是由两类根本因素——比较优势和竞争优势共同影响和决定的。生物产业比较优势和竞争潜力与变动趋势,可利用有效保护率、比较价格指数、比较优势变差指数等指标进行衡量;而生物产业竞争优势和竞争力变化,可通过市场占有率和利润率等显示性量化指标分析。提高生物产业竞争力的根本途径在于突出国别特点,加强创新,充分发挥生物产业的比较优势和竞争优势。     

比较优势动态演化视角下的产业升级研究:内涵、动力和路径

产业升级是产业结构转换和产业效率提高的过程,也是经济发展过程中产业内部逐渐形成的不断适应产业发展环境变化、不断进行技术创新的能力培育过程。引起产业发展条件变化的因素,其实也就是引起比较优势动态变化的各种因素。比较优势是产业分工的基础,因而也与基于分工基础上的产业升级有着密切的关系。本文试图探索产业发展环境条件发生变化的情况下的产业升级问题,即以比较优势的动态演化为视角对产业升级的内涵和动力,对比较优势的长期影响因素进行研究,并以中国为例探索比较优势动态变化中产业升级的路径问题。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.