齐拉西酮与喹硫平对精神分裂症患者体重指数的影响

目的比较齐拉西酮与喹硫平对精神分裂症患者体重指数的影响。方法将72例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别选用齐拉西酮或喹硫平治疗,疗程8周。于治疗前及治疗第4周、6周、8周末分别测定患者体重和身高,计算体重指数(BMI,BMI=体重/身高2),同时采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分。结果治疗第4周末起,两组患者阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分均较治疗前有显著下降(P0.01);同期两组患者体重指数(BMI)比较均有显著差异(P0.01),齐拉西酮组患者体重指数(BMI)显著低于喹硫平组患者。结论齐拉西酮与喹硫平治疗精神分裂症疗效均显著,但齐拉西酮对患者体重指数影响较喹硫平小。     

盐酸齐拉西酮胶囊和利培酮对女性急性期精神分裂症患者疗效及社会功能影响的对照研究

目的观察盐酸齐拉西酮胶囊和利培酮对女性急性期精神分裂症患者的疗效及社会功能的影响。方法 70例精神分裂症患者按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组采用利培酮片治疗,研究组采用盐酸齐拉西酮治疗,观察12周,于基线期、治疗的第4、8、12周末应用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及个人和社会功能量表(PSP)评定疗效,治疗时出现的症状量表(TESS)评定副反应,并进行实验室监测。结果经治疗后,研究组总有效率为66.7%,对照组总有效率为64.7%(P>0.05);两组患者PANSS各分量表分及总分较基线期均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组PSP总分显著高于基线期(P<0.01)。组间比较,第12周末时研究组显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组均未出现严重不良反应,研究组不良反应相对轻微(P<0.05)。结论盐酸齐拉西酮胶囊治疗女性急性期精神分裂症的疗效与利培酮片相当,安全性好,且对社会功能改善更好。     

氯氮平联合MECT治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效观察

目的探讨氯氮平联合MECT治疗难治性精神分裂症的临床疗效。方法选取我院2009年9月至2012年12月住院治疗的难治性精神分裂症患者,随机分为治疗组（43例）和对照组（43例）,进行为期4周的治疗观察。对照组患者采用氯氮平治疗,治疗组患者在服用氯氮平的基础上加用无抽搐电休克治疗(MECT)治疗。采用阳性症状和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定患者的疗效,采用副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果治疗结束时治疗组有效率为74.4%,对照组有效率51.2%,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者均未出现严重不良反应。结论氯氮平联合MECT治疗难治性精神分裂症,临床疗效肯定,安全性较高,值得在临床推广应用。     

桃红四物汤在激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿中的应用

目的观察桃红四物汤配合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床疗效。方法将符合标准的72例患者（129眼）分为观察组35例（61眼）和对照组37例（68眼），对照组采用激光治疗和常规西医处理，观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用中药桃红四物汤加味进行治疗。结果观察组显效24眼，显效率39.34%，总有效率96.72%。对照组显效15眼，显效率22.06%，总有效率83.82%。两组比较，显效率和总有效率差异均有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。两组视力与本组治疗前比较，差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）。两组比较，术后1周视力差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05），术后4周视力差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。观察组眼压降低时间快于对照组，术后第1周与对照组比较，差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者黄斑厚度与本组治疗前比较，差异有非常显著性意义（P＜0.01）。两组比较，有显著性意义（P＜0.05）。结论桃红四物汤配合激光治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿，能促进黄斑水肿的吸收，提高患者视力，缩短病程，疗效优于单纯激光治疗。     

心理干预对慢性支气管炎伴焦虑和抑郁患者的影响

目的探讨心理干预对慢性支气管炎伴焦虑和抑郁患者的影响。方法选取2010年1月至2012年1月在我科住院的慢性支气管炎伴有焦虑、抑郁状态的患者87例,基于对照、双盲、随机的原则将本组患者分成研究组（43例）和对照组（44例）。对照组患者行常规治疗,研究组患者在对照组基础上进行3周的心理干预治疗。对治疗前后两组患者焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分进行观察。结果研究组患者SAS评分治疗前为（37±3）分,治疗后为（18.0±1.7）分,对照组患者SAS评分治疗前为（38±4）分,治疗后为（35.0±3.5）分;对照组患者SDS评分治疗前为（42±4）分,治疗后为（20.0±2.2）分,对照组患者SAS评分治疗前为（41±3）分,治疗后为（39.0±3.7）分,两组患者治疗后SAS、SDS评分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论心理干预对慢性支气管炎伴焦虑和抑郁患者而言极为有效,能明显改善患者病情,帮助其消除内心的焦虑抑郁心理,树立战胜慢性支气管炎的信心。     

临床护理路径在耐多药肺结核患者健康宣教中的作用

目的评价临床护理路径在耐多药肺结核患者健康宣教中的作用。方法选取耐多药肺结核患者113例按就诊顺序分为研究组57例和对照组56例。对照组患者给予常规健康宣教,研究组患者给予临床护理路径健康宣教。对比两组患者健康知识的知晓情况及患者对健康宣教工作的满意度。结果研究组患者健康知识的知晓得分为（97±9）分,对照组得分为（83±8）分（P〈0.01）;研究组患者对健康宣教工作的满意度得分为（93±7）分,对照组得分为（82±7）分（P〈0.01）。结论耐多药肺结核患者实施临床护理路径健康宣教可有效提高患者对健康知识的掌握,提升护理人员健康宣教工作的质量。     

节律提示在步行稳定障碍恢复中的作用

目的评价节律提示在步行稳定障碍恢复中的作用。方法选取脑卒中患者60例,随机分为康复组和对照组,康复组除进行常规治疗外,并行采用节律提示步行训练。采用功能性步行量表(FAC)对训练前后两组的步行能力和站立平衡功能评定。结果患者接受节律提示步行训练后,FAC及站立平衡功能比对照组有明显改善,差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论节律提示可改善步行功能,在步行稳定障碍恢复中起到一定作用。     

重性精神疾病管理治疗工作治疗精神分裂症的研究

目的了解重性精神疾病管理治疗工作(686项目)治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效、安全性、复发率、再住院率、生存质量。方法将精神分裂症患者72例随机分为利培酮合用重性精神疾病管理治疗工作组(治疗组)与单用利培酮组(对照组)。疗程8周,随访24个月。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)、健康状况问卷(SF-36)、大体评定量表(GAS)、社会功能缺陷量表(SDSS)评定疗效、不良反应、生存质量,统计复发、再住院情况。结果重性精神疾病管理工作治疗组、单用利培酮药物治疗组治疗后的PANSS评分,两组均显著下降,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组GAS分明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组复发率、再住院率、社会功能缺陷率显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组SF-36多个因子分及总分明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论合用重性精神疾病管理治疗工作治疗精神分裂症疗效与单用利培酮相仿,不良反应相当,复发率、再住院率、社会功能缺陷率绛低,可有效改善生存质量,是一种良好的管理治疗精神分裂症的工作模式。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的主要对奥氮平（欧兰宁）与利培酮（卓夫）应用于精神分裂症的治疗疗效及其安全性进行探讨。方法选择2011年3月～2012年3月前来我院住院治疗的精神分裂症患者90例,随机将其分为奥氮平治疗组和利培酮治疗组各45例,奥氮平治疗组采用奥氮平治疗8周,利培酮治疗组则采用利培酮治疗8周,两种药物治疗效果的评定主要通过不良反应症状量表（TESS）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）来确定。结果将两组进行对比发现,两组疗效差异不大,但奥氮平相比于利培酮锥体外系不良反应少,更能促进患者精神症状的减轻。结论奥氮平应用于精神分裂症的治疗效果与利培酮的治疗效果相差不大,但奥氮平的有效性和安全性相对较高。     

308例新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症临床治疗及分析

目的分析肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合症临床疗效。方法回顾分析2005年1月至2011年6月我院新生儿科收治的NRDS患儿308例,治疗组154例（基础治疗加用肺表面活性物质）,对照组154例（基础治疗）。结果两组患儿临床疗效比较,治疗组治疗效果明显优于对照组。治疗组呼吸困难缓解时间（5.6±2.2）d较对照组（9.3±3.6）d 短（P＜0.01）;治疗组发绀缓解时间（12.5±3.6）d 较对照组（18.4±4.1）d 短（P＜0.05）;治疗组胸片恢复时间（1.3±0.5）d较对照组（3.0±1.2）d短（P＜0.01）;治疗组住院时间（21±16）d较对照组（28±18）d短（P＜0.05）。结论治疗组能够明显提高NRDS患儿治愈率,降低死亡率,减短患儿临床症状缓解时间及住院时间。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.