中美贸易走向及其博弈论解释

通过运用简单的博弈论模型，分析了国际贸易中国家政策选择的困境，对于静态、动态和无限重复博弈条件下的各种战略均衡的成因和路径进行了阐述，得出两国贸易政策的均衡解。并结合中美贸易现状对两国贸易走向及对策做出分析，得出合作增进整体利益，对抗两败俱伤的结论。     

北京服务贸易与外商投资关系研究

北京是国吸引外商投资最多的省市之一,近年来北京市服务发展迅速,FDI对服务贸易的影响引起了越来越多的关注。本文利用2002年-2013年的相关数据,通过协整检验、误差修正模型和格兰杰因果关系检验等方法实证研究了北京市服务业实际利用外资与服务贸易总额的关系。结果表明,北京市服务贸易实际利用外资与服务贸易总额之间存在长期均衡关系并且二者之间存在单向的格兰杰因果关系;北京市服务贸易实际利用外资可以促进服务贸易的发展。     

政府规模与贸易政策制定的新政治经济学——基于多代理人保护待售模型的分析

近期学者对贸易保护待售模型的经验研究均显示,政府赋予社会福利的相对权重a相对较高,而标准的贸易保护待售模型无法对此进行解释.本文通过将“多代理人共同代理”模型引入到Grossman和Helpman (1994)的分析框架,考察了多数制下政府规模对均衡贸易保护水平的影响,并解决了上述问题.分析表明:由于利益集团需要把政治捐资在多个代理人之间进行分配,政策制定机构规模越大,单个代理人平均获得的政治捐资也就越少,因此贸易保护水平与政策制定机构的规模呈反相关关系.     

京津沪渝服务贸易竞争力及其影响因素的实证研究

文章首先分析了京津沪渝服务贸易发展现状,并基于RCA指数对四城市服务贸易竞争力进行比较分析,同时利用2001-2010年京津沪渝的面板数据,运用单位根检验、协整检验以及误差修正模型方法对服务贸易竞争力的影响因素进行了实证研究,结果表明京津沪渝服务贸易竞争力与服务贸易出口开放度、外商直接投资、人才储备水平、科研投入水平、第三产业比重、货物出口比重以及国内生产总值之间存在着长、短期均衡的关系,最后提出了京津沪渝服务贸易发展的相关建议。     

战略性贸易政策研究综述

本文对战略性贸易政策的理论与实证研究进行了述评.虽然战略性贸易政策的基本模型证明了在寡头垄断的市场结构条件下实施战略性贸易政策可以提高一国的福利水平,但是其结论的得出依赖于一些严格的假定前提.许多学者对战略性贸易政策的基本模型做了多方向的扩展,尝试改变假定前提以检验其结论是否成立,大部分都得出了否定的结论.实证研究表明战略性贸易政策对贸易量的影响是显著的,但是对福利水平的影响很小.     

贸易成本、技术选择和外资出口企业转型——基于异质性企业贸易理论的视角

外资企业在我国加工贸易企业中占大多数.通过将异质性外资企业的转型决策引入标准异质性企业贸易模型,本文从贸易成本角度阐释了异质性外商投资企业技术选择的理论机制,模型表明:过度的可变贸易成本补贴会减小低效率企业转型激励,而适度的研发补贴却能鼓励外资企业转型升级.利用中国工业企业层面数据,研究发现,在控制了企业资本劳动比的情形下,外资出口企业中出口密集度较大的企业、加工贸易出口企业以及投资于劳动密集型行业的企业技术水平较低.通过支付更多的固定成本,外资企业能够通过使用高端技术进行出口转型.该检验结果与模型预测保持一致.本文的政策含义在于,政府应该控制对外资出口企业的可变成本优惠,补贴外资出口企业的固定研发成本,培育高质量的人力资本以提高利用外资的综合优势,辅助外资出口企业转型.     

贸易自由化对环境污染影响的实证分析

采用Panel-data模型方法,研究贸易自由化对环境污染的影响。通过建立联系贸易与环境污染的一般均衡模型,将贸易的环境效应分解为规模效应、结构效应、技术效应,并用我国各省的二氧化硫数据进行检验。结果显示,规模效应加剧我国环境的恶化,而结构效应和技术效应改善我国的污染水平。结论是贸易自由化有利于我国环境保护。     

外国直接投资的国际贸易效应:基于我国行业数据的分析

本文在Rybczynski定理的基础上考察了外国直接投资与国际贸易之间替代和互补的关系。在理论分析部分,建立了一个简化的要素特定模型,分析了特定部门初始贸易状态与部门产出以及外国直接投资的关系。在实证分析部分,用我国各行业外国直接投资和贸易的数据对其进行了检验,结果发现外国直接投资对我国各行业贸易的影响都很显著,但是具体的替代和互补关系却因时期不同而不同。     

我国服务业产业内贸易影响因素的实证分析

本文考察了我国服务业产业内贸易的现状,运用平稳性检验、协整分析、误差修正模型及Granger因果关系检验等计量方法,分析得出了我国服务部门的规模和服务贸易的自由度是影响服务业产业内贸易发展的主要因素。在长期内,产业内贸易指数、服务贸易依存度、服务部门规模具有稳定的均衡关系。服务贸易依存度和服务部门规模对产业内贸易指数都有正向的影响;在短期内,贸易依存度水平和服务部门规模与长期内的均衡水平相比有所偏离,但通过误差修正项的调节可以修正这种偏离,而且短期内的偏离可以在较短时间内向长期均衡趋势调整。服务贸易依存度和服务部门的规模均是引起服务业产业内贸易变化的原因。     

Foreign entry and domestic welfare: lessons for developing countries

This paper examines the effects of foreign entry, in the form of either imports or direct foreign investment, into an oligopolistic market. Incorporating a possible divergence between private and social costs, it first derives simple conditions under which foreign entry reduces welfare relative to autarky. Then, in a multi-firm Cournot model with linear demand and international cost asymmetries, it shows that foreign entry reduces welfare unless it captures a very large share of the home market. However, it also shows that an optimal tariff can prevent this welfare decline. Some suggestive empirical evidence and extensions to differentiated products and to merger analysis are offered. The paper concludes with implications for trade and investment liberalization, as well as for domestic and international competition policy.     

Foreign direct investment and customs union: Incentives for multilateral tariff cooperation over free trade

The present article examines the implications of a customs union (CU) on the pattern of tariffs, welfare and the prospects for free trade when the non-member firm has an incentive to engage in foreign direct investment (FDI). First, I show that upon the formation of a bilateral CU, the non-member firm has greater incentives to engage in FDI. However, when FDI becomes a feasible entry option for the non- member firm under a CU, member countries have incentives to strategically induce export over FDI by lowering their joint external tariff. When fixed set-up cost of FDI is sufficiently low, this tariff falls below Kemp–Wan tariff and CU leads to a Pareto improvement relative to no agreement. Moreover, using an infinite repetition of the one-shot tariff game under a CU, I show that the presence of FDI incentive of the non-member firm makes the member countries more willing to cooperate multilaterally over free trade while the opposite is true for the non-member country. Finally, I find that, unless fixed cost of having an additional plant is sufficiently low, multilateral cooperation over free trade is easier to sustain when FDI incentive is present.     

中国对外直接投资潜势分析

国际直接投资推动了世界经济的发展：中国自改革开放以来在吸引外资方面发展迅速,但对外投资水平较低,在国际直接投资流入与流出上严重失衡。为此我国应进一步发展对外直接投资,不断提升自身的竞争能力。     

Trade Liberalisation and Capital Spending by US Manufacturers

This is the first paper to study the impact of long‐term tariff reductions on capital spending by US manufacturers. We investigate fluctuations in investment for approximately 400 different four‐digit industries during the period 1974–2005. Our results indicate that the dismantling of tariff and quota protection has had a stimulatory effect on US manufacturing investment, despite the relatively low average tariff rate that existed at the start of our sample period. However, our findings reveal that reductions in input tariffs rather than output tariffs were the source of this effect, suggesting that better access to foreign inputs rather than increased foreign competition at the output level served as the primary stimulus for increased US manufacturing investment.     

长江三角洲地区外商直接投资的对外贸易效应

本文由长三角地区(16城市)FDI与对外贸易的简单数量关系,构筑了地区层面的对外贸易模型,运用面板数据(PanelData)方法对长三角地区FDI的对外贸易效应及FDI在上海双边贸易中的作用进行了分析。结果表明,FDI对长三角地区的对外贸易及上海的双边贸易均起到了显著的正向推动作用,长三角地区FDI与对外贸易之间存在互补关系。     

我国外资政策调整的博弈分析

文章从博弈论的角度入手,把我国政府与外商投资者作为两个博弈主体,通过对外资优惠政策和外商的直接投资的动态博弈分析,得到子博弈精炼纳什均衡解,然后通过对该均衡解的详细分析得出一系列的结论。在此基础上,得出了我国改革开放初期的外资政策和以后的外资政策的调整路线与博弈分析的结果是吻合的,并得出了充分利用外资的关键是改善投资环境。     

中国对外直接投资发展阶段研究

随着我国国际竞争力的不断增强和"走出去"战略的逐步实施,我国已经成为世界上主要的对外直接投资来源地。本文运用最新的经济统计数据,对我国经济发展水平和对外直接投资之间的关系进行实证研究,以此分析判断我国对外直接投资所处的发展阶段和未来趋势。结果表明:一方面,我国的对外直接投资与邓宁的投资发展周期理论相吻合;另一方面,我国现阶段的对外直接投资实际情况与理论预期还存在一定的差距,对外直接投资的发展阶段滞后于经济发展水平。     

Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in EP and IS Countries: The Role of Corruption

Corruption is understood as an act in which the power of public office is used for personal gain in a manner that contravenes the rules established by the governing structures of a society. This study attempts to offer an extension to the empirical model employed by Balasubramanyam et al. (1996 ) by analysing how FDI determines economic growth within the new growth theory framework when the degree of corruption is considered. Thus, the study seeks to examine the way in which corruption can have an impact on the economic growth of developing countries whose trade strategies differ (either IS and EP). It suggests that further insight can be gained by considering how corruption might interact with the trade policy in affecting economic growth. This is examined using a fixed‐effects, simultaneous equation model for 17 countries over the period 1994–2004. The results show that the level of corruption strongly and negatively influences foreign direct investment in both IS and EP countries. However, when the corruption index is interacted with domestic investment, the influence on foreign direct investment is positive and significant for IS countries only. The most interesting outcome of the study is the effect of the interaction term between foreign direct investment and the corruption perception index on economic growth, which is found to be greater in magnitude for the EP countries than for the IS countries.     

The Impact of the Change from Partial to Full Foreign Ownership on the Internationalization of Foreign Subsidiaries

SUMMARY

This paper aims to study how host country firms' internationalization has been impacted by their foreign owners' achievement of full ownership if the companies were not fully foreign-owned at first. It starts with a review of the existing traditional internationalization literature: the Uppsala model, the innovation-related internationalization models and the Finnish model. Then it reviews other research streams: born global, foreign direct investment (FDI) and network literature and the literature on subsidiary roles. A conceptual framework is developed. Then, after a methodology section, four Estonian casestwo from banking and two from the textiles industryare introduced. After the discussion of the results, some managerial and research implications are drawn.     

外商投资的技术转移、技术外溢及其结构差异--以福建外商直接投资计量模型分析为例

外商投资的技术外溢程度与其技术转移水平呈现倒U型函数关系,只有在一定阀值范围之内,跨国公司所转移技术对东道国的外溢效应才是积极的、正向的,否则就会产生负外溢效应或外溢效应减弱。福建三资企业技术外溢的计量模型分析也表明,由于技术转移阀值的存在,造成来自不同国家或地区外商直接投资的外溢效应具有明显的结构差异性。因此积极调整利用外资结构,提升外资企业的技术转移水平,对于增强外商直接投资的外溢效应具有重要意义。