我国生态工业园区发展研究

生态工业园区是依据循环经济原理设计建立的一种新型工业组织形态,园区内采用废物交换、清洁生产等手段把一个企业产生的副产品或废物作为另一个企业的投入或原材料,实现物质闭路循环和能量多次利用.生态工业园区有主导产业链型、多产业关联共生型、全新混合型等三种模式.生态工业园区在我国还存在一些政策障碍和制约因素,我国工业园区招商引资恶性竞争,园区产业定位模糊,不利于其产业生态化的形成.应高起点地规划设计生态工业园区,建立促进生态工业园区发展的激励机制及运作机制,完善生态工业园区建设条件及管理体系.     

不同组织模式生态工业园区发展的比较研究及启示

生态工业园区是解决经济社会发展与资源、环境之间矛盾,实现经济社会可持续发展的重要实践形式.在生态工业园区发展实践中,有自主组织模式与有意设计两种组织模式.文章着重对国外不同组织模式生态工业园区发展实践进行比较研究,总结不同组织模式生态工业园区的实践特点,提出我国生态工业园区发展的建设战略.     

中外生态工业园区管理模式比较研究

文章通过比较国内外生态工业园区的管理模式,企图寻找和借鉴国外的成功经验,找到我国生态工业园区管理上的不足,提高生态工业园区的管理绩效,以利于生态工业园区健康稳定的发展,促进我国生态工业园区的发展.     

以“负责任创新”推进我国生态工业园区创新发展

以"负责任创新"理念为视角,探讨我国生态工业园区的创新发展。首先,论述了以"负责任创新"推进我国生态工业园区创新发展的耦合性;其次,对我国生态工业园区创新的内外部驱动因素进行了分析;再次,借鉴了发达国家生态工业园区创新的成功经验;最后,提出了以"负责任创新"推动我国生态工业园区创新发展的相关建议。     

国外生态工业园区发展模式的经验与借鉴

随着经济增长与资源短缺之间的矛盾日益突出,人们越来越重视经济的增长方式,各国政府相继提出了一系列的措施促进经济和环境的和谐发展。生态工业园区是循环经济运行的重要载体,是建立两型社会的战略性选择。中国的生态工业园区建设才刚刚起步,须借鉴国外的成功经验。在给出国外典型生态工业园区发展模式的基础上,总结其经验并提出建设中国特色生态工业园区的建设。     

我国生态工业园区的融资战略研究

首先系统分析了我国生态工业园区的融资现状,在此基础上讨论了我国未来生态工业园区的融资总体指导方针和具体措施,进而初步构建了我国生态工业园区未来的总体融资战略。     

我国生态工业园区的发展现状——基于典型生态工业示范园区的分析

本文首先介绍了生态工业园区的概念、理论基础和特征,接着按照我国生态工业园区的分类,分别以天津泰达生态工业示范园区、广西贵港国家生态工业(制糖)示范园区和青岛新天地生态工业示范园区作为典型园区进行了分析,简要说明了我国生态工业园区的发展现状.     

我国建设生态工业园区的对策与实践

本文介绍了工业生态学的概念，评价了生态工业园区。作为生态工业实践的生态工业园区，最大限度地降低了对生态环境的负面影响，能够为生产者，社会和其周围的环境带来巨大效益，代表了未来工业生态系统的发展方向，是传统生产方式向产业化发展过程中的必然选择。提出了我国实施生态工业这种可持续发展战略的对策，介绍了我国建立生态工业园区的实践范例。     

循环经济生态工业园区综合评价探究

循环经济生态工业园区以循环经济理论和工业生态学为基础,通过模仿自然界生态系统,在企业间搭建产业链,形成物质与能量的闭路循环流动,从而实现废物零排放,其本质是一个企业共生系统。对循环经济生态工业园区的综合评价可以为我国生态工业园区的规划设计和决策管理提供新的理论和评价方法,并为循环经济和低碳经济发展提供分析工具和理论支持。     

生态工业园区的典型链网结构研究

生态工业园区是依据清洁生产要求和循环经济理念及工业生态学原理而设计建立的一种新型工业园区。生态工业园区遵从循环经济的3R原则。介绍了生态工业园区的概念、分类以及我国生态工业园区建设进展,对于具有行业特点的生态工业园区和具有区域特点的生态工业园区,分别以国家生态工业示范园区为案例,分析了其组成并归纳了链网结构特点,以期为我国生态工业园区理论研究的深化和实践的深入提供参考。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for Reality Mining

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.