地方政府债务对资源空间配置优化的影响研究

在"双循环"经济发展导向下,提升资源配置效率是防范和化解地方政府债务风险的有效路径.本文利用2010-2018年中国省级层面经验数据,实证检验了地方政府债务对资本错配和劳动力错配的影响.研究结果表明,总体而言,地方政府债务显著加剧了资本错配,但是对劳动力错配的影响不显著.分地区的回归结果显示出东部地区地方政府债务水平的提升抑制了劳动力资源的空间错配,而西部地区地方政府债务水平的提升则加剧了资本要素的空间错配.进一步的研究发现,在资本配置过度地区,地方政府债务加剧了资本错配程度,在资本配置不足地区,地方政府债务抑制了资本错配程度.本文的研究结论对于提升政府治理效能,促进要素合理空间分布和防范地方政府债务风险具有重要意义.     

地方政府债务、空间溢出效应与区域经济增长

在区域协调发展和城市群不断扩大的背景下,本文基于2008-2018年我国271个地级市的平衡面板数据,利用动态空间杜宾模型探究地方政府债务通过基础设施建设渠道促进区域经济增长的作用机制。研究发现:(1)地方政府债务存在空间溢出效应,即本地的地方政府债务能够促进邻近区域的经济增长。该结论不随模型设定、代理变量、估计方法更改而发生变化。(2)从时间维度上看,基础设施的服务期限较长,因此地方政府债务对邻近区域经济增长的空间溢出效应存在时间累加,即长期效应大于短期效应。(3)从空间维度上看,我国省际间存在市场分割,导致地方政府债务的空间溢出效应省内强于省外。与此同时,地方政府债务的空间溢出效应主要存在于东部发达区域。(4)机制研究发现,基础设施作为政府提供的公共品,具有正外部性,在促进本地经济增长的同时,通过提升区域内互联性,促进了邻近区域的经济增长。本文研究表明,地方政府债务发行应同时考量本地效应、空间溢出效应以及区域差异;此外,制定地方债务相关政策时应在稳增长(同时考虑本地经济增长和区域经济增长)和防风险之间寻求平衡。     

地方政府债务负担会阻碍区域经济一体化吗?——城市群视角的异质性诊断

中国区域发展正在突破"行政单元"约束而走向一体化协调,也由此要求区域经济一体化与防范化解系统性金融风险间的动态协同.现有文献对地方政府债务负担之于区域经济增长的影响多有论及,但很少系统梳理两者之间的理论关联,更缺乏城市群视角下的异质性诊断.本文基于2012-2018年国内典型城市群158个地级市的面板数据,运用计量经济诊断,对地方政府债务负担之于区域经济联系及其一体化程度的具体影响效应和异质性特征做了全面梳理,研究发现:(1)简单做整体观测,地方政府债务负担似乎会对区域经济一体化进程形成显著负向影响;(2)进行样本分组后,该种负向影响存在显著差异,且只体现于中西部地区、区域性城市群及经济联系相对松散城市群,而在东部地区、国家级城市群和强紧密联系城市群存在相反效应;(3)进一步做门槛诊断,该种负向影响仅存在于地方政府债务负担超越一定阀值后,在此之前反而会正向强化区域经济联系.由此,推动地方债务风险防范与区域经济动态协同的关键在于将地方政府债务负担控制在合理区间,同时也应当基于不同城市群的地域特征和行政约束,打造差异化的地方政府债务约束框架和债务风险化解机制.     

债务限额管理、财政资金配置效率与经济增长

在加快建立现代财政制度体系的过程中，债务限额管理为深化预算管理制度改革、强化预算约束与绩效管理提供了有力支持。2015年起中央政府实施地方政府债务限额管理，地方政府举债规模受限。本文利用2005—2018年的287个地级市层面的相关面板数据，在结合超效率DEA测算方法测算同一时期的财政资金配置效率的基础上，采用面板回归的方法检验债务限额管理对经济增长的影响，并从多个维度来探究其异质性影响。研究发现，债务限额管理总体可以通过提升地方财政资金配置效率进而带动地区经济增长，其中对东部地级市经济增长的促进作用更为明显，对财政压力较大的地级市能更好地减轻偿债压力，提升财政资金配置效率并推动经济增长，对财政压力较小的地级市则作用效果不大。     

人口老龄化、人口流动与地方政府债务

笔者从人口结构变动视角揭示地方政府债务的增长机制。研究显示,人口老龄化和人口流动是推动地方政府债务增长的重要因素,且人口流入越高的地区,老龄化对地方政府债务增长的推动作用越显著。同时,从财政收支的两大角度五个维度探析人口老龄化对地方债务的影响机制,研究发现：当前人口老龄化还未从经济增长和税收收入等财政收入端形成对地方债务的影响机制;但老龄化从财政支出端对地方债务的影响路径比较显著,老龄化对社会保障和医疗支出形成的压力是推动地方债务增长的显著路径,而对科教支出的挤出作用抑制了地方债务的增长。这一研究发现,有助于中国针对现阶段人口老龄化特征制定更加科学、合理的地方债务管理策略。一方面,要利用窗口期大力发展银发经济;另一方面,制定地方债务管理政策时需要考虑人口结构因素,且需要根据人口结构特征调整财政支出结构并提高支出效率。     

地方政府举债影响工业经济增长的空间效应研究

通过构建了地方政府举债影响工业经济增长的理论模型,并分析两者呈正向相关的作用机制;基于空间关联模型,采用2010-2015年全国30个省份地方政府债务的面板数据,对地方政府举债的工业经济增长效应进行实证研究.结果表明:(1)地方政府举债对工业经济增长具有显著的促进作用.地方政府通过对国有土地的绝对垄断来经营城市,利用土地抵押融资来大规模举债,并改善城市基础设施吸引投资,促进工业经济增长;(2)地方政府举债对地区工业经济增长的溢出效应不明显.地方政府债务主要投向了市政建设、交通运输等基础设施建设领域,对邻近地区的工业经济发展很难起到推动作用.     

官员晋升激励、经济责任审计与地方政府投融资平台债务

本文以2007-2011年中国29个地区的年度数据为样本,实证检验了地方政府官员晋升激励强度和地方审计机关经济责任审计处罚力度对地方政府投融资平台债务的影响。研究发现,地方政府官员晋升激励强度越大,地方政府官员就越有动力融资,地方政府投融资平台债务增长速度越快,债务风险越大。并且,官员晋升激励对地方政府投融资平台债务的影响受到经济责任审计的约束。地方审计机关实施的经济责任审计处罚力度越大,越有可能降低官员晋升竞争对地方政府投融资平台债务的激励程度,进而降低地方政府投融资平台债务增长速度和债务风险。     

后危机时代政府干预与银行信贷—基于国有经济视角

本文利用我国2007-2016年的省级面板数据,对后危机时代政府干预与银行信贷以 及不良贷款率进行了实证研究。本文发现：地方政府干预显著带来地区信贷增长以及不良贷款 率下降;地方政府通过对国有经济进行干预,可以显著带来地区信贷增长,但对降低地区不良 贷款率不显著。进一步研究发现：东部地区政府干预有助于提高地区信贷增长并降低不良贷款 率;西部地区政府通过干预国有经济能带来地区信贷增长;无论是东部、中部还是西部,政府 通过对国有经济的干预降低地区不良贷款率均不会产生太大效果。     

数字金融对地方政府债务风险的影响效应研究——基于动态SDM模型的实证检验

基于中国金融安全战略，本文选取2011―2020年中国31个省份数据，构建动态SDM模型，实证检验数字金融对地方政府债务风险的影响效应。研究发现：数字金融与地方政府债务风险均存在空间依赖性，并且数字金融对地方政府债务风险存在负向直接影响和负向空间溢出效应。从结构异质性看，覆盖广度和数字化程度分别存在负向和正向的直接影响，以及正向和负向的空间溢出效应，使用深度仅存在负向直接影响。从区域异质性看，东部地区的影响效应为正向，中部和东北地区的影响效应均为负向，而西部地区存在负向直接影响和“由促转抑”的空间溢出效应。本文从动态视角揭示了数字金融对地方政府债务风险的影响机制，为防范化解地方政府债务风险提供了新视角。     

经济增长目标驱动投资吗?——基于2001-2016年地级市样本的理论分析与实证检验

已有文献发现政府制定的经济目标能够产生经济增长绩效,本文考察政府目标实现经济增长绩效的渠道和机制,提出经济增长目标驱动辖区投资增长的理论假说,并采用2001-2016年地级市政府工作报告公布的经济增长目标数据,对理论假说进行了验证。研究发现,经济增长目标每提高1%,地区投资显著上升约0.44%。这一发现在采用不同的核心变量度量指标、回归样本和估计方法后依然稳健。本文还发现,经济发展阶段和地区发展水平差异导致了目标驱动投资效应的异质性。随着经济发展阶段的转变,经济增长目标推动辖区投资增加的边际效应下降;在经济发展水平较高的东部地区,地方政府所制定的增长目标更有效地扩大了辖区投资。本文的研究发现有助于理解中国经济增长的内在动力机制,可为经济高质量发展转型提供政策启示。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note: