重庆区域经济差异分析——基于泰尔指数

将重庆市划分为都市圈、渝西地区和库区生态区三大经济区域,分析了2000—2009年重庆市三大区域经济的相对差异、绝对差异和泰尔指数,将定量和定性分析方法相结合来评价重庆市三大区域的经济差异现状。实证分析结果显示:重庆市三大区域的经济差异在逐年扩大,区域间差距比区域内部差距的扩大速度更快。提出建议:对经济差异的调控应以缩小区域间的差异为重点,同时加强各区域经济中心的建设,更好地发挥经济中心对周围各区县的辐射效应和带动作用等。     

区域城乡收入差距问题的面板数据分析

近年来,我国的城乡收入差距持续扩大,区域间的城乡收入差距也有很大的差异,这种差异已严重影响了我国区域经济的协调发展.本文在综述前人对城乡收入差距研究的基础上提出拟用的城乡收入差距影响因素,利用面板数据分析对全国的三大区域进行分析,得出各因素对不同区域的影响,以期对缩小我国的城乡收入差距有所帮助.     

江苏省区域经济差异测度分析——基于基尼系数分解

系统地计算了1978--2009年江苏省县域人均GDP的基尼系数,并将其分解为三个部分：区域内经济差异、区域间经济净差异和区域间经济逆差异。结果表明：江苏省区域经济差异总体上呈波动性的扩大趋势。在小尺度县域单元上,江苏省区域经济差异主要受一般县市经济差异的影响,市辖区的差异变化不大。在大尺度区域单元上,苏南、苏中、苏北三大区域间的经济净差异决定着江苏省区域经济差异,随着区域间经济逆差异越来越小,苏北、苏中人均GDP高的县市逐步被苏南入均GDP的低的县市赶上和超过。要积极壮大苏中和苏北县域经济,实施有利于缩小经济差异的区域政策和措施。     

实体经济与要素投入协同发展的时空差异及效应研究——高质量发展视角

基于2001-2016年省级面板数据，对我国实体经济与各要素投入协同度进行系统测算，并对其协同发展水平时空差异及经济效应进行实证分析。结果发现：①我国实体经济与三大要素协同度均呈波动上升态势，其中，实体经济与人力资源要素协同度均值最高，实体经济与现代金融要素协同度均值次之，实体经济与科技创新协同度均值最低，且均表现为东部地区协同度最高，中部次之，西部最低；②实体经济与各要素投入协同度重心向西南方向移动，中西部地区正成为新时期现代化经济体系建设的重要支撑区域；③实体经济与科技创新要素协同发展的区域相对差异呈扩大趋势，实体经济与现代金融、人力资源协同度的区域相对差异呈缩小趋势，但东-西部地区间差异均最大，其中超变密度差距是区域间差距的主要来源；④从全国层面看，实体经济与三大要素投入协同发展有利于提高全要素生产率，产生了显著高质量发展效应，但这种效应在不同地区表现出一定的异质性。     

FDI流入对我国区域经济协调发展的影响分析

地区经济差距问题是各国经济发展过程中不可逾越的鸿沟,我国亦然如此。文章重点研究外资区域分布对区域经济差距的影响,利用三大区域面板数据对地区经济差距与FDI规模和结构之间的关系进行模型回归分析,结果表明FDI确实是引起我国区域间经济差距加大的原因之一,FDI在各区域的分布不平衡又加剧了中西部与东部的发展差距,在各区域内部,FDI规模和结构的变化也使得各省间经济难以实现协调发展。回归结果说明,解决我国地区经济差距时不可忽视FDI因素,区域协调发展政策要与引资政策相结合。     

国家中心城市经济高质量发展评价及差异分析

国家中心城市是中国经济高质量发展的领军力量。在明确界定经济高质量发展内涵基础上,以经济运行供给侧的质量变革、效率变革、动力变革分维,构建评价指标体系,对2003—2019年国家中心城市经济高质量发展各子系统指数和综合指数进行测度和比较,并借助Dagum基尼系数及其分解方法剖析区域发展差异及来源。研究发现：17年间国家中心城市经济高质量发展综合指数呈上升趋势但由东向西梯次下降;三个子系统指数在国家中心城市内部及其之间均表现出高度非均衡性;国家中心城市经济高质量发展的区域差异集中在区域间,而东—西区域间差异最大且呈扩大趋势。据此,从加强区际循环、深化三大变革、开展先行示范等方面提出推动国家中心城市经济高质量发展的政策建议。     

论区域经济差距的衡量指标与测度方法

1衡量指标的选取任何区域间经济差距的测度、总是在对某些已确认为能够衡量各区域整体经济状况的特定指标的比较分析的基础上进行的。这些特定指标的选定首先要具有区域间的可比性。由于各区域范即大小和人口的多少不尽相同,而且经济差距分析最终所关心的是各区域居民在生活质量水平上的差距,因此,任何具有区域间可比较意义的用于衡量各区域经济状况的指标。应该总是带有人均性质的。用于衡量区域整体经济状况的指标大体可分为产出指标、收入指标和生活质量指标三类。产出指标我国传统上习惯于使用社会总产值这一指标,由于其只核算物质…     

区域经济收入分布的动态演进分析——以浙江省为例

基于浙江省区域经济人均收入数据,采用核密度函数和马尔科夫分析法,对区域经济收入分布的动态演进过程进行了分析.结果表明,浙江区域人均收入分布特征有别于全国或省区层面上的收入分布特征:浙江区域收入分布整体上呈现单峰、偏态的分布形态,且区域间收入差异呈现扩大的趋势.区域间的状态转移矩阵显示,收入状态的流动性较低,仅在相邻的状态之间转移,难以实现状态问跨越式转移.在经济的长期收入均衡状态中,收入分布分散于四种类型状态空间,其中,不发达地区将占主要比重,不会出现区域经济趋同现象,收入差距会有进一步扩大的趋势.     

区域经济发展差距:新经济地理、要素流动与经济政策

改革开放后,中国区域经济发展差距主要表现为区域间差距的扩大,而非区域内部差距的扩大。这一现象的发生是多方面原因共同作用的结果:在新经济地理因素的影响下,具有区位优势的东部沿海地区吸引了中西部地区大量的生产要素进行跨区域流动,加上中央政府的政策导向作用,使得中国经济发展差距呈现出逐步扩大的趋势。因此,中央政府应该采取有力措施,以便在全国形成合理的区域分工,进而达到缩小区域经济发展差距的目标。     

地区收入结构与我国城镇居民收入差距的演化——基于2000--2009年数据的考察

基于2000-2009年全国各省份城镇居民收入数据,依据基尼系数和泰尔指数两种方法测度了我国城镇居民收入差距的变化程度,结果显示2000-2006年差距略微上升,但2006-2009年逐年下降,发现了经济增长与收入差距没有必然的一致性,即经济的增长并不必然以收入差距的扩大为代价,缩小收入分配差距也并不必然牺牲经济的发展速度。通过基尼系数把城镇居民收入差距分解为收入结构差距,揭示了工资性收入是总差距的决定因素,但其对总差距的贡献度在不断降低;转移性收入对总差距的贡献程度也在降低,二者对缩小总差距有积极作用。通过泰尔指数把城镇居民收入差距分解为区域间差距和区域内差距,发现区域间差距是构成总差距主体,但是从时间序列看,区域内对总差距的影响程度逐步扩大,东部地区内部省际城镇居民收入的差异对区域内差距影响最大。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.