空间视角下R&D投入对区域创新能力的影响研究——基于科技政策组合的调节作用

基于知识生产函数模型和创新地理学理论,本文利用我国30个省(区、市)2008~2020年的面板数据,通过空间计量模型实证分析R&D投入对区域创新能力的影响及空间溢出效应,并从政策目标与政策工具的耦合协调性视角理解科技政策组合,分析科技政策组合的调节效应。研究发现,我国省域创新能力呈现由东向西逐渐减弱的“梯形”分布特征;R&D资金和R&D人员对于本地区域创新能力提升具有显著的正向影响,但空间溢出效应均不显著;科技政策组合正向调节R&D投入对区域创新能力的促进作用。对此,国家应制定适宜的区域创新战略,地方政府应探索差异化创新驱动发展路径并提升科技政策组合的耦合协调性。     

区域创新系统绿色创新效率的空间分布及收敛性研究

本文运用Super-SBM-Windows效率评价方法对2005～2014年我国区域创新系统绿色创新效率进行了评价，利用ESDA方法深入分析了我国区域创新系统绿色创新效率的空间分布特征，同时采用空间误差面板模型检验其收敛性。研究表明：①我国区域创新系统绿色创新效率呈现从东部、中部到西部由高到低的阶梯式发展格局，绝大部分区域创新系统绿色创新效率呈逐年增长趋势，而且各省级之间的绿色创新效率差异程度在逐渐缩小；②我国区域创新系统绿色创新效率在空间分布上存在明显的空间聚集效应，这种聚集效应主要表现在低值区域，而高值区域的辐射带动作用还很有限；③我国区域创新系统绿色创新效率存在明显的绝对β收敛趋势。     

区域创新能力的空间格局及溢出效应测度研究

创新是推动中国经济高质量发展的源泉。本文基于区域创新系统理论,选取36项基础指标构建了中国区域创新能力综合评价指标体系,测算了中国30个省市2000~2019年的区域创新能力相对总得分,分析了其时空演变过程,并用空间杜宾回归模型对其溢出效应进行测度。研究发现样本期间中国区域创新能力局部与整体基本上都呈现增长型演变格局,但存在区域间的差异性,而且表现出一定的空间集聚特征;创新能力的空间溢出效应显著为正;产业结构的直接效应显著为负;环境规制的间接效应和总效应均显著为负;城镇化水平、所有制结构和市场化程度的直接效应显著为正,间接效应显著为负,并基于上述结论提出参考建议。     

数字经济背景下我国区域创新能力评价——基于科技服务业与先进制造业协同视角北大核心

在文献梳理的基础上,本文分析了数字经济背景下科技服务业与先进制造业复合系统协同创新的机制,构建了协同视角下区域创新能力评价指标体系,基于我国2011~2020年相关数据,利用复合系统协同度模型测度了我国区域创新能力水平,并对我国不同区域的协同创新水平进行了比较。研究结果表明:数字经济背景下我国区域创新能力水平随着时间的推移逐渐上升,但总体水平相对较低,各区域协同创新发展水平存在一定的差异,东部地区水平最高,中部和西部地区次之,东北地区最差。基于研究结果提出了提升我国数字经济背景下区域协同创新协同发展水平的政策建议。     

提升我国区域创新能力的构想

经济全球化促使经济发展的区域化特征越来越明显,区域创新能力是地区经济获取国际竞争优势的决定性因素,是区域内产业结构升级的根本技术支撑,提高区域创新能力是增强区域竞争力的根本途径.本文在研究区域创新理论的基础上,分析了区域创新能力的构成因素,构建了一个区域创新能力评价指标体系,并对我国区域创新能力分布的基本特点和存在的问题进行分析,最后重点探讨了提升我国区域创新能力的构想.     

中国区域原始创新产出的空间集聚研究

本文以发明专利数据作为衡量原始创新产出的指标,收集1998～2007年的发明专利授权数据对中国31个省际区域的原始创街进行了空间集聚研究;专利可视化分布图显示了中国省际区城原始创新产出的分布情况及其空间动态变化;区位Gird系数和Moron I指数均指出了中国省际区城原始创新产出的非随机分布,呈现不同层次的创新集群,并表观出空间依赖;Moran散点图进一步指出了各省际区城的原始创新产出的空间相关模式,在此基础上,文章提出了提高区域原始创新能力的前瞻性建议.     

基于TW 指数的我国创新极化测度及区域比较研究

创新资源由周边落后地区向经济中心进行集聚运动，从而形成创新极化效应，随着增长极对周边地区的辐射作用显现，极化效应向扩散效应过渡。本文首先在构建创新能力评价指标体系的基础上，运用因子分析法计算得出1998～2017年我国省级区域的创新能力综合得分。其次通过测算ＴＷ指数，对我国整体范围及4个经济区域资源极化程度进行了分析。结果表明：我国经济极化指数呈现先增强后减弱的趋势，近年来，虽然我国创新极化程度逐渐减弱，但仍处于较高水平。4个经济区域内的创新极化程度存在明显差异，东西部存在显著的极化现象，中部地区次之，东北地区极化水平最低。我国应针对性地制定区域发展战略，推动跨区域协调合作创新，构建多层次的增长极体系，通过极化效应和扩散效应的共同作用，辐射周边落后地区，促进创新资源的再分配，推动区域经济的平衡合理发展。     

中国工业企业产品创新效率的综合评价与分析

本文采用DEA-SBM方法对我国工业企业产品创新效率进行了测评。研究表明,由于纯技术效率水平低下,目前我国各省市工业企业产品创新效率普遍较低。总体而言,东部地区工业企业产品创新呈现规模收益递减趋势,产品创新投入相对过剩;西部地区呈现规模收益递增趋势。技术效率和规模效应的区域差异并不明显,纯技术效率在不同地区间的差异显著。研究结论为我国区域工业企业产品创新提供政策启示。     

基于AHP-熵权法的我国区域科技创新可拓学评价模型及实证研究

本文在文献调研的基础上， 结合 DEMATEL 方法从创新环境、 创新投入、 创新产出、 创新合作和创新绩效5 个方面构建了我国区域科技创新的评价指标体系， 采用层次分析法结合熵权法确定了各指标权重， 依据可拓学原理建立了我国区域科技创新的评价模型， 对我国31 个省市自治区的科技创新能力进行了实证评价， 综合分析评价结果后指出各省市科技创新存在的问题和不足， 提出了提高科技创新能力的策略， 为未来我国区域科技创新的发展提供决策指导和理论参考。     

新型和传统基础设施建设耦合协调:时空格局、地区差异与驱动因子

本文构建了新型和传统基础设施建设评价指标体系,分别对中国各省(区、市)的新型和传统基础设施建设水平进行评价,并基于耦合协调模型测度新老基建耦合协调程度,最后采用空间杜宾模型探究两者耦合协调度的驱动机制及空间溢出效应。结果表明:(1)2011~2019年全国各省(区、市)耦合协调度平均水平呈现稳步上升趋势;耦合协调度的区域差异呈现波动上升的趋势,其中东部地区的区域内差异是造成全国整体差异的主要原因;(2)我国省域新旧基建的耦合协调等级呈现东强西弱的空间格局,且耦合协调等级的省际差异有逐年缩小的趋势;高值集聚区域全部分布在福建、浙江、江苏等东部沿海区域,低值集聚区主要分布在新疆、西藏、青海及宁夏一些西部相对落后地区,且低值集聚区的数量呈现先降低后上升的“V型”变化;(3)全国各省(区、市)新老基建耦合协调存在显著的空间相关性,财政支出水平、市场化、城市化、产业结构及利用外资等因素均对新旧基建的耦合协调水平产生了明显的驱动作用。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

快速成形技术的应用及热点分析

基于快速成形技术的原理,展示了快速成形技术在快速模具制造、金属零件直接成形、反求工程等领域的广泛应用,总结了快速成形制造技术研究的热点,即研发新材料和新设备、提高成形精度、建立RPM的反求工程系统、建立成形技术的统一标准和扩大成形技术的应用领域。     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

HSE走进中国石油

企业管理水平的好坏直接影响着企业的经济效益,运用HSE管理能提高企业管理水平,HSE管理模式将健康,安全,环境三者视为一个有机的整体。HSE管理认为人的安全是第一位的,人是创造财富的原动力,是企业的最大财产,HSE管理体系强调的是“蝴蝶效应”。