耕地占用与经济增长脱钩关系的倒U型曲线检验：武汉市的实证

研究目的:以武汉市为研究区域,检验耕地占用与经济增长的脱钩关系是否呈倒U型曲线,为缓解耕地占用与经济增长的矛盾提供理论依据。研究方法:脱钩分析,低通滤波。研究结果:(1)武汉市耕地占用与非农GDP之间的脱钩关系呈现出"弱脱钩—扩张连接—扩张负脱钩—弱脱钩—扩张连接"的变化,脱钩弹性值波动曲线符合库兹涅茨倒U型曲线假说。(2)根据脱钩弹性值波动变化曲线,可以将统计期划分为4个阶段:1992—2000年、2001—2004年、2005—2009年和2010—2013年,且耕地保护政策对耕地占用与经济增长之间的脱钩关系有显著影响。研究结论:武汉市耕地占用与经济增长的脱钩关系呈倒U型曲线,当前武汉市耕地占用与经济增长脱钩关系位于倒U型曲线的下降阶段,通过加强耕地保护政策的实施力度可以使武汉市耕地占用与经济增长的关系维持为强脱钩。     

基于脱钩理论的九江县建设占用耕地与经济增长关系研究

[目的]研究建设占用耕地与经济发展关系,可以为地方人民政府进行土地管理和调控提供理论参考依据。[方法]利用脱钩分析的方法,对2007~2015年九江县建设占用耕地面积与经济增长的脱钩指数的状态和原因进行分析研究,并探讨了其相关规律。[结果]在2007~2015年期间,脱钩状态表现为先由不理想状态变成理想状态,再变成不理想状态,又变回理想状态,总体脱钩状态指数呈"M"型分布。在此期间,非农GDP总量保持平稳增长,这说明影响脱钩指数的最主要因素还是建设占用耕地的数量;某些年的脱钩指数呈现理想状态,这说明没有占用耕地的情况下也是可以保持经济增长的。[结论]因此在经济发展的过程中,应当积极转变经济发展方式,谨慎科学制定土地利用规划并严格执行,并且进一步增强保护耕地的意识,并且提高土地的利用效率,提高土地节约集约利用水平,立足内涵挖潜,盘活存量土地。     

安徽省建设占用耕地与经济发展的脱钩分析

研究目的：研究安徽省近年来建设占用耕地与经济发展的脱钩关系及其原因,以指导安徽省经济发展中的耕地保护。研究方法：基于环境领域的脱钩理论,运用OECD提出的脱钩指数计算模型,参考Tapio等划分的脱钩状态类型,构建脱钩模型,计算脱钩弹性系数。研究结果：研究期内安徽省建设占用耕地与经济发展的脱钩关系曲线呈“W”型变化;脱钩状态经历了波动调整期—过渡平稳期—波动调整期动态变化过程,耕地保护政策、措施实施效果明显。研究结论：随着安徽省经济的较快发展,建设占用耕地的压力依然存在,应进一步加大建设占用耕地管理和城乡土地节约集约力度,走内涵挖潜之路,尤其是要通过实施农村建设用地整理以补充有效耕地面积,有效遏制占用耕地态势。     

不同粮食分区耕地占用动态与区域差异分析

研究目的定量分析中国粮食主产区、主销区和产销平衡区1996年至2005年耕地占用状况及土地产出效率,为协调耕地保护与经济增长的关系、量化区域间耕地保护补偿提供参考依据.研究方法统计分析法与比较分析法.研究结果(1)不同粮食分区耕地都呈减少的趋势,但各区耕地减少速度不一,粮食主产区耕地非农化速度慢于产销平衡区.产销平衡区慢于主销区;(2)经济增长与耕地占用呈极显著的相关性,不同的粮食分区经济增长对耕地占用的依赖程度存在差异;(3)粮食主销区耕地占用对经济增长的贡献效率、单位土地面积的GDP产出效率都明显高于主产区和产销平衡区.研究结论根据不同粮食分区耕地占用的区域差异,在协调经济发展与占用耕地二者矛盾的过程中,应采取有所差别的地区耕地保护政策,提高非农建设用地的利用效率,减缓经济发展所引致的对耕地保护的压力.     

中国未来耕地非农占用的数量分析

随着经济发展,耕地的非农占用也将增大。科学地预测未来耕地非农占用数量对于我国制定经济发展战略和耕地保护对策是有着重要意义的。本文通过对我国近年来耕地非农占用的数量分析,总结耕地占用的规律性特征,推算８０年代以来,我国的经济增长和非农劳力转移与耕地非农占用的数量关系,从交通占地、经济增长以及城镇化发展三个途径预测到２０３０年中国的耕地非农占用数量大致在２．７６亿亩,并初步提出了未来节约耕地非农占用的对策     

基于脱钩理论的广州市耕地消耗与经济增长总量评估

采用总量比较法的脱钩评价模式,设计耕地消耗与经济增长总量的脱钩指标及脱钩率,计算了1996-2002年广州市耕地消耗与经济增长总量的脱钩关系;研究表明,广州市耕地消耗与经济增长总量的脱钩关系极不稳定,先脱钩再耦合再脱钩再耦合;1997年、1998年和2001年的脱钩关系说明广州市在这些年份中用少于以往的耕地消耗产生了多于以往的经济财富,耕地压力大大减少,但在其它年份,两者未能实现脱钩,广州市对耕地占用的控制力度仍有待加强。     

环滇池地区城市用地扩张与经济发展脱钩分析

文章选取2005—2015年环滇池地区8个县(市/区)建成区面积、城镇化率、非农GDP和人均GDP为数据源,运用改进的IPAT脱钩模型对研究区城市用地扩张与经济发展进行脱钩分析。研究表明:环滇池地区城市用地扩张综合强度不断增强,由"一湖四片"向"一中心多核心"的扩张模式发展,逆城市化现象明显;城镇化率持续加快,二、三产业GDP与人均GDP增速逐步提升,城市功能分区明显;城市用地扩张与经济发展整体上表现为弱脱钩状态,经济增速大于城市用地扩张的速度,各区单位城镇化、单位非农GDP和单位人均GDP占地率在不断减少。因此,在促进经济发展的同时提高土地利用的效率,对于实现脱钩增长的理想状态具有重要意义。     

四川省建设占用耕地与经济发展的脱钩分析

为分析四川经济发展与建设用地扩张之间的相互关系,本文基于脱钩理论的评价模式,加入建设占用耕地的强度评价.对四川省的建设占用耕地与经济发展分别进行总量脱钩评价和消耗强度脱钩评价,得出四川省在1999-2008年间,二者的关系从脱钩状态转向耦合状态.分析表明,在经济发展过程中,提高建设用地效率对于实现脱钩有重要作用,有效控...     

基于省级和市级层次的违法占用耕地与经济发展的空间计量分析

研究目的:了解不同层次经济发展在空间中显著影响违法占用耕地的具体因素,为加强土地调控和土地督察提供决策依据。研究方法:空间计量经济学、空间误差模型和空间滞后模型。研究结果:中国省级层次的违法占用耕地主要与固定资产投资在空间上呈显著相关,江西省市级层次的违法占用耕地主要与地方财政收入和GDP在空间上呈显著相关。研究结论:要高度重视经济发展中固定资产投资、GDP增长和地方财政收入等因素对违法占用耕地的影响,减少违法占用耕地,引导土地合法合理持续利用。     

湖北省建设占用耕地与经济增长的脱钩预测分析

本文基于脱钩分析方法对1978—2014年湖北省建设占用耕地与经济增长的脱钩关系进行分析,并预测2015—2020年湖北省可能达到的建设占用耕地数量。结果表明,研究期内湖北省建设占用耕地与经济增长的脱钩指数一直处于相对脱钩状态,呈现波动下降趋势,这是经济增长方式改变、产业结构调整和建设用地管控政策共同作用的结果。当脱钩指数控制在0.02及以下时,无论是在最高经济增长速度、中等速度或最低增长速度的情景下,湖北省土地利用总体规划确定的2020年累计建设占用耕地预测目标均可实现。     

Is Passive Farming A Problem for Agriculture in the EU?

We address a new agricultural policy concern following the decoupling of CAP direct payments in 2005: passive farming, whereby landowners maintain their agricultural area to collect payments without producing commodities. It is claimed that passive farming is hindering agricultural development by ‘blocking’ access to farmland for expanding farmers. We evaluate the links between the EU's Single Payment Scheme (SPS), passive farming, land use and agricultural development. Following identification of the rational landowners’ optimal land‐use choice, we evaluate the effects of the SPS using a spatial, agent‐based model that simulates farmers’ competition for land in a case‐study region of Sweden. We show that passive farming does not constrain land from being used in production; on the contrary more land is used than would be the case without the SPS. We conclude that passive farming is not a problem for agriculture, but provides public goods that would otherwise be under provided: preservation of marginal farmland and future food security. However SPS payments on highly productive land inflate land values (capitalisation) and slow structural change, which hinder agricultural development. Consequently CAP goals could be better served by targeting payments on marginal land and phasing out payments to highly productive land.     

Delineation of a permanent basic farmland protection area around a city centre: Case study of Changzhou City,China

The delineation of permanent basic farmland will safeguard the production baseline of China’s agricultural development by securing easily appropriated, high-quality farmland surrounding urban areas, thereby strictly controlling the use of farmland (especially high-quality farmland surrounding urban areas) facing accelerated urban expansion. This study researched the delineation of permanent basic farmland in a typical region undergoing rapid urbanization. By constructing a systematic classification model, farmland was classified into matrix, edge, and island farmlands in order to analyze farmland contiguity and fragmentation. Based on the indicator requirements of various plans related to farmland, an evaluation indicator system was constructed in order to develop an evaluation model for comprehensive farmland productivity. From the perspective of farmland spatial contiguity and highly efficient productivity, a delineation model for permanent basic farmland was proposed to delimit the permanent protection and utilization boundaries for high-quality farmland around urban areas. The results show the following: (1) matrix and edge farmlands can intuitively display farmland contiguity characteristics; (2) comprehensive farmland productivity was closely related to farmland spatial patterns, supporting infrastructure, and policy management and protection; and (3) there was a high degree of spatial overlap between contiguous and highly productive farmland. The model took both comprehensive farmland productivity and spatial clustering into consideration in order to delineate permanent basic farmland, which is a beneficial factor in protecting farmland quality and safeguarding sustainable farmland utilization. It can also be used as a control line to limit urban sprawl, guide urban cluster development, and improve economical and intensive urban land use.     

黔中喀斯特地区农业生产碳排放实证研究

[目的]以贵阳市为例,测算其2007—2016年农业碳排放量,分析时序变化特征、脱钩关系并预测未来10年农业碳排放量,为我国西南喀斯特地区农业减源增汇以及经济发展提供参考。[方法]文章运用碳排放系数法计算2007—2016年贵阳市农业碳排放量;基于Tapio脱钩模型分析区域农业碳排放量与农业GDP的脱钩关系;利用GM (1.1)模型预测贵阳市未来10年农业碳排放量。[结果] 2007—2016年贵阳市农业碳排放量呈下降趋势,年均递减0.75%;三大类碳源中水稻种植占比例最大,为67.37%,其次为畜禽养殖,为17.08%,最后为农地投入,占比为15.55%;细分碳源,除水稻外,化肥与牛碳排放量较高,但农膜、农用柴油、农地灌溉以及羊碳排放都呈增加趋势;脱钩分析表明,贵阳市农业碳排放与农业经济增长间的脱钩类型呈现强脱钩、弱脱钩、强负脱钩、扩张负脱钩4种状态,脱钩类型以强脱钩为主,说明近年来农业碳减排取得一定成效;根据GM (1.1)模型预测,贵阳市农业碳排放量逐年下降,由2017年的50.14万t下降至2026年的47.76万t。[结论]贵阳市农业碳减排效果明显,未来还需进一步采取措施以实现农业减源增汇。     

农地整治资源环境效应预警因子与模型

针对农地整治资源环境效应预警模型与方法缺乏的现状,开展农地整治预警因子及预警方法研究,能够根据预先评估的警情调整农地整治规划的设计方案,从而指导农地整治项目科学的开展,避免农地整治对区域生态、环境、景观等带来不良影响。该文在界定农地整治资源环境效应内涵的基础上,分析了农地整治资源环境效应预警的过程,构建了效应预警的因子,并确定预警的模型方法,最后选定案例区进行实证研究,根据预警结果提出了相应的排警措施。     

农地依赖性、农地处置方式与市民化意愿的内在关系研究——基于川鄂苏黑四省调研数据

研究目的:深入挖掘农地依赖性、农地处置方式与农村转移劳动力市民化意愿之间的内在关系,以期为农村转移劳动力自由选择市民化提供理论支持。研究方法:结构方程模型。研究结果:农地资源禀赋、农地功能认知、农地产权安全性、农地产权认知及农地流转服务均通过影响农地处置方式间接对农村转移劳动力市民化的决策产生影响,其中农地产权安全性还会直接影响农村转移劳动力市民化的决策;农村转移劳动力市民化过程中更倾向于以农地转出方式处置农地,农地产权认知是影响农村转移劳动力市民化意愿的最重要因素。研究结论:为缓解农地对农村转移劳动力市民化的束缚,政府须加速推进农地"三权分置"政策实施,健全农地流转市场及其配套制度体系,构建有效的农地退出机制并设置农户农地退出门槛。     

基于物-场模型的基本农田划定合理性评价

[目的]永久性基本农田划定是稳定耕地面积,控制建设用地无限制扩张的重要手段。[方法]文章以物-场模型为基础,将基本农田划定产生的影响理解为基本农田保护区划定、基本农田功能要素以及基本农田保护区影响场三要素有机组合所形成的系统效应或功能。并借鉴空间相互作用的引力模型,构建了包含基本农田划定适宜性、基本农田功能要素协调性以及距离系数的基本农田划定合理性评价模型。[结果]选取泽州县新一轮基本农田保护区为研究区域,对其保护区划定合理性进行评价,并依据评价结果划分为高度合理区、中度合理区、一般合理区、较不合理区和不合理区,并提出相应管理措施。通过定量化分析,泽州县基本农田划定合理区域占总面积的82%,保护区划定较为合理。[结论]该研究结果可为管理决策部门进行基本农田保护区空间布局合理性评价、为合理安排基本农田生产、生态等功能、基本农田布局调整提供依据。     

LADM-based profile for farmland Tripartite Entitlement System in China

Since the beginning of the 21st century, China has undergone a promotion of industrialisation, urbanisation and agricultural modernisation. This promotion has triggered the mass migration of rural labour forces into cities, leading to the virtual situation of the separation of farmland contract and operation rights. To respond to this issue, the central government proposed a strategy of farmland reform in China. Such reform aims to transform the former ‘Bipartite Entitlement System’ into a ‘Tripartite Entitlement System (TES)’.¹ Land registration provides the means for recognising formalised property rights and regulating the characteristics and transfer of land-related rights. As for farmland registration in China, it serves as a basis to explore effective forms of collective farmland ownership by implementing collective farmland ownership, stabilising farmers’ contract rights and liberalising farmland operation rights. Thus, in this study, on the basis of the farmland tripartite entitlement (hereinafter referred to as ‘FTE’) reform in China, we develop a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM)-based TES model that will serve as the basis of subsequent system development. Specifically, first, we summarise the evolution process of China’s farmland rights system since the foundation of new China. Second, we propose a farmland rights system after the FTE reform. Then, the corresponding TES model is developed based on the LADM standard and some instance-level diagrams for farmland administration activities. The new functionality of the model includes improved structuring of farmland rights and restrictions (and related source documents) and improved expansion of the land information infrastructure to rural areas.     

Decoupling Direct Payments and the Dynamics of Decisions under Price Risk in Cattle Farms

The impact of decoupling direct payments from production on producers' decisions, taking account of price uncertainty and risk aversion, is analysed through a multi‐period mathematical programming model. This model is applied to beef cattle farms in two French regions: Limousin and Pays de la Loire. The technical coefficients are represented by an engineering production function estimated for both regions. The behavioural parameters have been obtained through a survey and model calibration. Policy changes have been modelled through different simulation scenarios relating to the decoupling of direct payments. Model results show that decoupling policies produce a more homogenous response from different types of farmers. The share of cattle activities on farms decreases and the production techniques become less intensive.     

耕地利用绿色转型的时空格局及其驱动机制研究 ——以湖北省为例

研究目的：以湖北省为例,摸清耕地利用绿色转型的发展态势,揭示耕地利用绿色转型的时空格局及其成因,为耕地保护提供技术支撑。研究方法：熵值法、耦合协调度模型、时空地理加权回归模型。研究结果：（1）从时间上看,湖北省各城市耕地利用空间、功能、模式转型指数总体偏低但持续增长,在2015年前初步实现了耕地利用绿色转型,少部分地区尚未完成功能转型。（2）从空间上看,湖北省耕地利用绿色转型基本形成以东中部低山丘陵、平原为主的高值区及西部山地为核心的低值区并存的空间格局,高值区表现出“西进”态势。（3）湖北省耕地利用绿色转型的空间、功能、模式转型具有较强的耦合度,但失调现象日益凸显。（4）湖北省耕地利用绿色转型的时空演变是内外驱动因素共同作用的结果。研究结论：湖北省耕地利用绿色转型存在较大发展障碍,经济因素是当前耕地利用绿色转型的核心驱动因素。     

Scenario farmland protection zoning based on production potential: A case study in China

Establishing farmland protection areas is an important measure for developing countries to protect limited farmland resources and guarantee food security. The general approaches lack the ability to simulate the farmlands’ production potential under different scenarios. This paper proposes a modified farmland protection zoning framework to demarcate farmland protection by coupling the Agro-Ecological Zone (AEZ) model with a state-of-the-art farmland protection zoning framework. The modified zoning framework was applied to China, a typical fast developing country. The results indicated that the average potential production of the entire country would increase by 2.96 % in the coming decade if the irrigation efficiency criteria of 55 % established by the National Program for Agricultural Water Conservation (2012–2020) can be fulfilled. Furthermore, the farmland protection area could also be reduced by 2.91 % (2.96 million ha) while the total production potential of the protected areas would remain unchanged. This study contributes two main aspects: (1) The AEZ model was used as a replacement for the general land-use suitability analysis (LUSA) or multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) based farmland assessment models in a farmland zoning framework, which can accurately assess the production potential of the farmland protection demarcation. (2) This farmland protection zoning approach can analyze and simulate a wide range of scenarios on the effect of environmental factors (climate, soil, terrain, etc.) and human production factors (irrigation condition, cropping system, etc.).