路基边坡雨水浸透变形模拟研究

为了减少由于雨水渗透引起的路基边坡局部变形和失稳现象,在概述模型实验现象的基础上,采用饱和及非饱和渗流分析方法以及弹塑性有限元分析方法,模拟路基边坡模型中水位的变化和滑动破坏发生前的初始变形,建立渐进式边坡失稳的预测方法,通过实验进行再现分析,以明确边坡初始变形机理。研究结果表明:1)在饱和及非饱和渗流模拟中,当渗流系数设置值比渗透实验结果大时,模型实验的再现性良好;2)在弹塑性有限元分析中,通过边坡水位升高导致变形系数(刚度)减小,进而能够分析出模型实验中边坡的初始变形。研究过程为分析降雨期间路基边坡稳定性提供了新方法,其结果可为工程施工过程中避免发生大规模崩塌现象采取适当措施提供依据,为施工标准的设计和制定提供重要参考。     

非饱和流对边坡内水文过程及稳定性的影响分析

为了探究渗流水文过程对非饱和土质边坡稳定性的影响机制,建立了能够模拟地下水流和分析边坡稳定性的耦合模型。基于3种表述边坡水文过程的HSB模型开展建模对比分析,揭示边坡内非饱和渗流对水文过程的影响机制;通过耦合水文模型与边坡稳定极限平衡模型,比较了浅层边坡在不同水力渗流条件下,因邻近水位升降所造成稳定性系数变化的差异,探讨非饱和侧向渗流过程对浅层边坡稳定性的影响机制。分析结果表明,土体非饱和区的储水、释水能力和渗透能力影响着非饱和区域流的渗流流速大小;在浅层边坡中,非饱和侧向渗流作用可以促进水体在边坡内部的迁移而引起边坡内部水位的快速抬高,致使边坡稳定性降低,并导致边坡失稳时间提前。研究结果可以为临近地域水位变动区边坡工程实施提供相关技术参考。     

基于蒙特-卡罗法的不同降雨条件下边坡渗透特性及失稳概率分析

为研究边坡在降雨期间的渗透特性以及稳定性,利用岩土工程软件geo-slope中的seep/w和slope/w模块,以某一边坡为工程背景,模拟分析了大雨、暴雨以及大暴雨3种降雨工况下边坡表面不同监测点以及不同剖面处监测点的孔压力变化规律以及边坡滑坡的可靠性指标和失效概率。结果可为工程实际提供参考。     

中西部地区黏性土质边坡降雨动态渗流的 非饱和特性分析

为了解降雨过程中非饱和土质边坡结构的变化规律,基于有限元数值计算方法和非饱和土体力学特征关系理论,探讨了在不同降雨工况作用下某实际工程项目的边坡渗流过程与坡体内力分布的耦合特性,归纳了降雨过程中边坡内土体饱和度变化、孔隙水压力分布以及土体塑性区分布随降雨时长变化规律。结果表明,1)降雨初期边坡表面土体的饱和度和孔隙压力变化较为迅速,随着降雨过程的持续进行,坡体中非饱和土体的容重和饱和度不断增加;2)在土体饱和度和容重增加的同时,土体的渗透系数与渗流状态也发生显著改变,容易在坡脚渗出点位置造成局部塑性破坏区以及侵蚀破坏,从而降低结构的整体安全性;3)当降雨强度大于土体下渗速度时,会在坡体表面形成径流,从而引起表面侵蚀破坏,因此建议对于强降雨地区,应设计坡体表面排水通道。研究结果为强降雨地区的边坡结构加固以及排水设计提供了依据,可以为已有边坡工程的评估与改造提供参考。     

孔隙水对深部巷道稳定性影响研究

随着经济的飞速发展,对资源的需求量越来越大,长期大强度的开采导致浅部的矿产资源已日渐枯竭,矿产资源的开采向深部转移,巷道的稳定性将受到高地应力和高孔隙水压力等深部恶劣环境的影响。因此本文运用岩体力学理论和有限差分软件FLAC3D,考虑流-固耦合的情况下,对高地应力下孔隙水压力的巷道的变形和稳定性进行了理论分析和数值模拟,得到孔隙水的存在使巷道变形增大,巷道的稳定性减弱。     

黄土质深路堑边坡雨水入渗稳定性影响及锚固整治研究

文章选取马兰黄土作为案例土质,基于孔隙水压力分析,探讨雨水渗流影响下的黄土质路堑边坡安全稳定系数,并采用锚固抗滑桩对黄土质深路堑边坡实施加固设计,通过加固后边坡稳定性分析和比选,探讨黄土质深路堑边坡锚固整治的有效方案,以为同类工程技术应用提供研究参考。     

模型试验下的公路边坡合位移演化分析

为了明确底部开挖对公路边坡稳定性的影响,以梅州至平远高速公路工程为背景,采用多步开挖的方法结合全尺寸边坡模型进行试验。在坡体中布置6个监测点记录坡向及垂直位移,随后将两方向位移作为分量进行组合位移计算分析,并结合试验结果进行归纳。研究结果表明：1）边坡上部区域整体稳定,内部应力变化慢,滑坡往往由内部蠕变造成,因此上部区域合位移偏角值较为稳定,而下部区域因易受开挖影响,位移角波动显著;2）通过对边坡下部区域计算,其滑动面倾角理论值为30°～60°,试验中观测到了一致的情况,而受土体堆积作用,后期土体断面几乎与坡面平行。研究得到了滑坡发生前合位移的偏转角及滑坡断面方向变化规律,相关结果可作为预测边坡稳定性的重要指标,对评估公路边坡稳定性具有一定的借鉴意义。     

降雨及渗流条件下层状砂质板岩 边坡变形破坏模式研究

为增强边坡在恶劣条件下的稳定性,针对降雨及渗流条件下的层状砂质板岩边坡进行研究,采用边坡模型试验和有限元模拟方法,研究了边坡的变形破坏形态和位移变化情况。结果表明,边坡的变形破坏是一个持续发展的过程。主要从坡体中部开始,形成一个D字状的位移曲线,随着降雨时间的增加,最终坡体完全被破坏;当降雨强度分别为600 mm/d和800 mm/d时,边坡中部出现塌落,其降雨时间分别为16 800 s和13 300 s,说明了强降雨对边坡失稳有被更大的加速作用;通过对边坡模型试验和有限元模拟试验的结果对比表明,层状砂质板岩边坡破坏形态和位移变化趋势基本保持一致,验证了模型试验监测数据的准确性和有效性。研究结果为降雨及渗流条件下层状砂质板岩边坡变形破坏机理提供了实验依据和数值模拟参考,可为类似砂质板岩边坡渗流问题研究提供借鉴。     

降雨-库水耦合作用下的库区边坡稳定性研究

库岸边坡安全是水库稳定运行的基础。为保证十三陵水库运行安全,文章采用ABAQUS数值计算软件,分析了降雨-库水耦合作用下库区边坡的稳定性。结果表明：降雨及水位变化都会影响库区边坡的稳定。水位降低对边坡稳定性影响比水位升高的影响更大,更容易发生失稳。为保证水库安全运营,建议加强边坡的稳定性监测。研究结果为水库安全运行提供参考。     

吸附作用对煤层气渗流规律影响实验研究

随着煤层气的开采,吸附在煤孔隙表面的气体会开始解吸,因而煤的渗透规律会发生变化。文章旨在通过实验研究探索吸附作用对煤渗流规律的影响。该实验分别用氮气和氦气在低压和高压下对煤渗流的影响分别进行实验研究,然后与致密气藏砂岩作对比。研究发现:吸附作用会使得低压下煤的渗透率与平均孔隙压力的倒数不呈线性关系;高压下,随着气体的解吸,当气体的解吸量增加时会明显增加煤的渗透;吸附作用既影响低压下煤的渗流规律,也影响着高压下煤的渗流规律,在煤层气开发中应该对这种现象给予考虑。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.