知识型企业知识资本及评价系统模式

知识资本是知识型企业的核心竞争因素，是知识型企业价值增值、利润增长的基础。本文对知识型企业知识资本的特点进行了阐述，并为知识资本的评价提出了分级评价系统模式，建立了一套评价指标体系，为知识型企业的知识管理、知识资本的综合评价提供了参考。     

知识型企业人力资源管理创新模式研究

在当今知识经济时代,知识成了最主要的生产要素,谁拥有知识,谁能高效地利用知识,谁就拥有财富和权力.在这样的环境下,知识型企业应运而生.知识型企业是由知识型员工构成的知识联合体,其人力资源管理愈加受到重视.知识型员工有着与一般员工不同的特点,如何构建一个有效的人力资源管理模式,将是知识型企业成功的关键.本文通过对知识型企业员工特点的分析,探讨了知识型企业人力资源管理创新模式.     

现代企业知识型员工的激励机制研究

21世纪是知识经济的时代,作为知识载体的知识型员工,已经成为企业生存和发展的主力军.因而,研究对知识型员工的激励策略,对于提高知识型员工工作效率、改善企业管理和增强企业市场竞争能力都具有重要意义.本文从分析知识型员工的特征入手,借鉴国内外已有研究成果,分析了我国企业知识型员工激励的关键因素.最后得出结论:只有实施全面激励策略,才能有效地激发知识型员工的积极性和创造性,进而提高企业的核心竞争能力和可持续发展能力,并最终实现知识型员工与企业的共同发展.     

知识管理提升组织价值

知识管理:知识经济时代之需知识管理是运用集体的智慧提高应变能力和创新能力,是为企业实现显性知识和稳性知识共享提供的新途径。显性知识易于整理和进行计算机处理,而隐性知识则不易掌握,它存在于公司员工的大脑里,是员工经验的体现。知识型企业能够对外部市场的作出快速的反应、明智地运用企业内部资源并预测市场的发展及其变化。当今国际管理发展的三个趋势是:从信息管理走向知识管理,从信息资源开发走向知识资源开发,由客户机/服务器结构走向INTERNET结构。知识管理是信息管理的延伸和发展,信息管理只是将各种各样的信息以一不定的…     

建筑企业知识共享能力评价研究

知识经济时代,知识决定着建筑企业的价值,知识管理是建筑企业可持续发展的基础,知识共享更是知识管理中的关键环节.可行的知识共享管理能力评价体系是发掘建筑企业发展潜力、发现其知识共享能力不足之处的有效方法.文章分析了建筑企业知识共享的流程和影响因素,并通过分析流程和影响因素,研究了对建筑企业知识共享能力进行评价的评价因素,利用模糊综合评判模型对建筑企业的知识管理能力进行评价,对定性指标进行了定量化处理,使评价结果更具可靠性和直观性.     

浅议知识型员工的管理

知识型员工具有较强的获取知识、信息的能力以及处理、应用知识和信息的能力,在当今企业中越来越显示出重要的地位,只有全面了解知识型员工的特点,才能正确的管理并激励他们的主观能动性,从而使他们在企业中创造巨大的价值.本文从分析知识型员工的特点入手,针对存在的突出问题,提出了改革基本工资制度、职业生涯设计等多项管理策略.     

知识型员工的管理挑战/当公平遭遇差异——基于知识型员工需求特征的激励回应

管理大师彼得·德鲁克曾经预言性地提出，在21世纪，知识型员工将是劳动者的主体，而对知识型员工的激励将是管理研究中的主旋律。 那么，什么是知识型员工？知识型员工有何特点？德鲁克给出的定义是：知识型员工是指，一方面能充分利用现代科学技术知识提高工作效率，另一方面知识型员工本身具备较强的学习知识和创新知识的能力。而知识创新能力是知识型员工最主要的特点。 知识经济时代的竞争是人才的竞争，是知识的载体——知识型员工的竞争。知识型员工是个特别的群体，是一类很难“管”的员工，他们不同于普通员工，他们有其自身的特点，有自己的专业技能，有自己的主见，管理稍有偏差就可能造成人员流失，进而加大管理成本。因此，如何对知识型员工进行管理，如何充分地调动他们的积极性，是建立知识型企业成败的关键因素。面对有特殊管理需要的知识型员工，企业是以事为本还是以人为本？     

隐性知识在项目团队中的转移效率

随着世界经济的飞速发展,知识经济也应运而生,把知识和经济紧紧地联系在一起,知识管理也逐渐提上议程.而隐性知识的管理是知识管理的核心,项目团队也是企业发展的核心单元,所以有必要将两者联系在一起考虑.本文通过研究影响隐性知识在项目团中转移效率的因素,并根据经济学知识创建了相关的模型,提出如何才能提高隐性知识在团队中的转移效率.     

基于价值评估的知识贡献度模型初探

<正>管理大师德鲁克曾指出,知识经济时代下,企业最大的资本是知识型员工及其生产率。对于以高新技术为代表的航天企业,其发展壮大更离不开知识型员工的创造与知识积累。经过几年的努力,中国运载火箭技术研究院的知识库已具备一定存量,但由于缺乏知识贡献度的评价机制,员工开展知识分享的积极性不高,在一定程度上影响了库存知识的质量。这种情况一方面不利于企业核心知识资产的积累与复用,另一方面不能对员工形成有     

基于知识创新的企业人力资源管理模式研究

本文在人力资源管理模式对企业知识创新的影响要素进行分析的基础上,从基于知识创新的人力资源招聘、基于知识创新的企业人力资源激励和知识型企业知识创新能力评价指标体系的构建三个方面探讨了基于知识创新的企业人力资源管理模式的构建策略,形成了完善的企业人力资源管理体系。     

Managing Knowledge for Innovation: The Case of Business‐to‐Business Services*

The present study builds a typology of organizational knowledge in business services and empirically examines the effects of knowledge on innovation performance. It is suggested that firms differ with respect to their knowledge creation approaches and that these approaches have implications for firms' innovation activities. A conceptual framework of knowledge assets with degrees of tacitness and collectiveness as the principal axes is used to ground the empirical analysis. The organizational knowledge framework is empirically operationalized using survey data from 167 business service firms and supplementary case study evidence from 16 other firms. It is found that business service improvements and new service introductions are significantly associated with collectively held knowledge, such as codified service solutions or team‐based competences and procedures. In contrast, relying solely on tacit knowledge held by individuals may hamper innovation. The results also suggest that tacit collective knowledge is more closely associated with new service introductions, whereas explicit collective knowledge is associated with service improvements. Tacit collective knowledge is thus conducive. A managerial implication is that new service introductions necessitate team competences and routines, whereas incremental service improvements are more likely if procedures are in place to codify services into explicit solutions or technologies. Thus, the knowledge management approach should depend on the strategic orientation of the service firm toward continuous improvement of existing services or development of completely new services.     

基于隐性知识管理的高职《印花技术及实训》课程教学改革

通过对《印花技术及实训》课程传统授课情况的分析,结合高职学生具有形象思维的特点,将隐性知识管理融入项目化课程教学改革中,从课程能力目标、课程效果评价、促进教师专业成长以及高职学生的可持续发展等方面阐述了基于隐性知识管理的项目化课程教学改革的可行性,最后提出了本门课程继续努力的方向。     

From Experience: Harnessing Tacit Knowledge to Achieve Breakthrough Innovation

The ability to create a stream of revolutionary new products can represent a sustainable competitive advantage for firms in almost any industry. Whereas evolutionary product improvements often follow predictable trajectories, breakthrough innovations involve unexpected leaps of creativity and insight. Despite its strategic importance, however, little is known about the process by which innovators achieve these valuable breakthroughs. This article proposes that breakthrough innovations result from the harnessing of tacit knowledge possessed by individuals and project teams. Tacit knowledge lies below the surface of conscious thought and is accumulated through a lifetime of experience, experimentation, perception, and learning by doing. Managers who can tap into this vast pool of creative energy can elevate the innovative capabilities of their teams well beyond the incremental and mundane. The article begins by establishing the vital importance of breakthrough innovations to the competitiveness of firms. This strategic mandate is followed by a brief discussion of the nature and implications of tacit knowledge in the context of innovation. The remainder of the article describes three mutually reinforcing methods for encouraging the explication and sharing of tacit knowledge among design team members. The ultimate goal is to establish a generative atmosphere for breakthrough innovation, in which divergent thinking, improvisation, and artistic creativity merge with the practical demands of the product development process. The first step toward harnessing the creative power of tacit knowledge is to foster the emotional commitment and deep personal involvement of design team members. Managers can accomplish this goal through the development of inspiring “innovation stories,” encouragement of reasonable risk‐taking and experimentation, building of unique team identities, and displaying unbridled confidence in a team's creative abilities. Once the emotional commitment of team members has been assured, two techniques are proposed as catalysts for breakthroughs derived from tacit knowledge. These methods are based on evidence that intimate physical interaction during the creative process, both person to object and person to person, may be a catalyst for tacit insights. The first technique highlights the use of early and frequent prototyping as a powerful focal point for the explication of tacit knowledge from both the design team and potential customers. The second technique involves the encouragement of face‐to‐face interaction between innovators during product development, thereby enabling creative improvisation and real‐time knowledge sharing. Several implications for managers are highlighted, including the need for a greater emphasis on employee retention, the importance of developing a nurturing environment for innovation, and the value of intimate physical interaction, including early prototyping, indwelling with customers, and co‐location of teams wherever possible.     

论知识管理研究重心的转移

论证了进入知识经济时代后,经济全球化对知识管理研究的影响。指出知识管理的研究重心必须进行迁移,迁移的方向是由局部隐性知识向全球化显性知识转移,从微观知识向全球化宏观知识转移,从描述性知识向方法论知识转移,同时指出了新一代知识管理的智能化方向。     

How forensic scientists learn to investigate cases in practice

The formation of organisational tacit knowledge has been studied in the most part using only qualitative explanations such as case studies including those on the workings of communities of practice. From this perspective, tacit knowledge is submersed and consequently it is difficult to quantify. In our community of communities of practice case study we use quantitative social network analysis techniques to explore the process of tacit knowledge exchange among expert knowledge workers – forensic scientists. Conceptually, we search for more structured relational mechanisms that shape tacit knowledge flows occurring between participant actors in communities of practice, in their day-to-day knowledge intensive environments.     

SECI知识转化模型中的“薛定谔猫悖论”及其理论阐释

在野中郁次郎(Nonaka)等的SECI知识转化模型中,同一种知识在转化前是隐性的,在转化后又突然变成显性的,从而产生了类似物理学中"薛定谔猫"般的悖论。这种悖论其实反映了,既有的隐性知识界定的静态维度与知识转化动态过程之间的矛盾。与以往研究不同的是本文从动态性和不确定性的角度来区分隐性知识和显性知识,认为知识转化过程其实是一个知识"量子跃迁"的动态过程,而不是通常所认为的连续函数的过程。在这个过程中,动态的隐性知识不能和静态的显性知识直接对接,而是要按照隐性知识转化的三个阶段,逐步降低自身的动态性和不确定性,通过"双重剥离"和"双重近似",以最终达到知识转化的目的和效果。相应地,SECI模型除了外在的知识"螺旋"创造过程以外,还有一个"内螺旋"的创造过程。遵照这个"双螺旋"的原理和过程,组织就能更好地进行知识创新的实践。     

Relational mechanisms,formal contracts,and local knowledge acquisition by international subsidiaries

This research focuses on relational and contractual mechanisms and examines their impact on foreign subsidiaries' acquisition of tacit and explicit knowledge from local suppliers. Using survey data from 168 foreign subsidiaries operating in China, this study finds broad support for the proposed analytical framework. When the foreign subsidiary and supplier share common goals, the foreign subsidiary acquires greater levels of both explicit and tacit knowledge; trust between the two parties promotes the acquisition of greater levels of tacit than explicit knowledge. However, access to the local supplier network through the focal supplier enables the foreign subsidiary to acquire greater levels of explicit but not tacit knowledge. Formal contracts play a complementary role in knowledge acquisition: contracts enhance the acquisition of explicit knowledge and further strengthen the effects of relational mechanisms on tacit and explicit knowledge acquisition. Overall, these findings provide important implications for foreign subsidiaries regarding how to acquire local knowledge in host countries through both formal and informal mechanisms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

From Internal to Network Labor Markets? Insights on New Promotion Processes from the Call Center Industry

Research on network forms of organization suggests that “business units” may be a more useful analytical unit than “firms” in understanding restructuring of internal labor markets. We find evidence for this proposition by analyzing promotion opportunities in 1760 call centers in sixteen countries. We find substantial differences in promotion opportunities internal to the unit versus elsewhere, related to the use of explicit versus tacit knowledge in performance evaluation, distinctions between unit‐specific and general‐firm knowledge, and network‐bridging organizational characteristics.     

A process model of tacit knowledge transfer between sales and marketing

Although an ability to generate and transfer tacit knowledge provides the basis for competitive differentiation, organizations face two primary issues when attempting to achieve this task. First, tacit knowledge, which differs from explicit knowledge in that it can only be gained through experiences, deep interactions, and learning by doing, is highly complex and therefore difficult to transfer. Second, as challenging as tacit knowledge transfer may be under the most ideal circumstances, the issue is exacerbated by the fact that sales and marketing professionals oftentimes have a dysfunctional relationship. Addressing these issues, we present and examine a theoretical model which captures the process through which tacit knowledge transfer occurs across the two functions. Study results, derived from a sample of 215 salespeople, highlight the important role interfunctional communication quality and the development of a mutual understanding play in this process. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications arising from the study, and present opportunities for further research in the area.     

The role of regulatory focus and trustworthiness in knowledge transfer and leakage in alliances

This study investigates the overlooked phenomenon of the role of heterogeneous individuals in understanding knowledge transfer between partners in strategic alliances. We advance the current understanding about the role of boundary spanners in knowledge transfer between partner firms by proposing that the regulatory focus of boundary spanners is a key antecedent of promoting tacit knowledge transfer and preventing knowledge leakage in alliances. Furthermore, we investigate how the perception of partner trustworthiness moderates the role of regulatory focus. Our findings, based on a survey of 142 firms indicate that boundary spanners’ promotion focus and perceived partner trustworthiness have direct positive effects on tacit knowledge transfer. The interaction of prevention focus and trustworthiness has a positive effect on transfer of tacit knowledge and a negative effect on knowledge leakage.