基于轻量级卷积神经网络的苹果表面缺陷检测方法

为了解决目前农业信息领域对苹果表面缺陷检测准确率低的问题,提出一种基于轻量级卷积神经网络的苹果表面缺陷检测方法。首先采集苹果缺陷样本图片制作实验数据集用于模型训练和测试;其次在AlexNet网络结构的基础上,引入深度可分离卷积代替原有网络中的标准卷积运算来进行图像特征的提取;最后利用全局平均池化方法代替原有网络中的全连接层,从而将卷积层输出的多个特征图以自身为单位进行映射得到特征点。实验结果表明:改进后网络对苹果缺陷识别精度达到了98.57%,较改进前提升1.55%;较改进前模型参数量减少99.3%、训练速度提高32.67%、FPS提高33.28%,改进后的轻量级卷积神经网络不仅减少了模型参数量和训练时间,而且提高了检测精度和速度。因此,新的检测方法在减少模型参数量的同时,还可保证模型的检测精度和效率,具有较强的工程实用性,可为苹果缺陷分类提供理论参考。     

基于改进SSD-MobileNet算法的AGV动态目标检测方法

为了提升自动导引运输车(automated guided vehicle,AGV)动态障碍物视觉检测的精度和帧率,提出了一种基于单镜头多盒检测器（single shot multibox detector,SSD）的改进算法。将轻量级MobileNet网络引入到SSD网络结构中,然后利用K-means算法对训练数据集中真实框的AR值进行聚类并更新,最后利用Jeston Nano嵌入式平台搭建了AGV实验系统,引入TensorRT加速引擎,分别对改进前后的SSD-MobileNet模型进行加速优化,并对比分析。结果表明：改进的SSD-MobileNet模型在AGV上使用TensorRT加速引擎的mAP值为79.1%,相比优化前提升了10.8%,对精度影响很小,而帧率达到了25 f/s,较原SSD模型提升了近4倍,且改进后模型规模也比优化前缩小了37%。采用改进算法能够使AGV在运输过程中完成动态障碍物检测任务,可代替人工实现货物高效运输,并节省运输成本,为智能化运输提供了一种新的思路。     

基于改进YOLOv3模型的接触轨表面缺陷检测方法

为实现接触轨表面缺陷的高效检测，提出了一个基于改进YOLOv3模型的缺陷检测方法。一方面，采用轻量化的Ghost组件代替原始YOLOv3模型Darkent-53网络中的残差模块，来减少模型的尺寸和提高推理速度。另一方面，使用GIoU解决IoU在检测框和真值框不相交时损失函数无法反向传播的问题，并使用GIoU损失作为边界框损失加快模型收敛速度。利用在上海地铁16号线采集到的接触轨图像进行实验，精确率和召回率达到90.21%和89.64%，检测速度达到每张图片0.015 s，模型尺寸压缩到59.5 MB。     

基于改进YOLOv7的工业指示灯状态检测方法

针对现有工业指示灯检测算法存在检测速度较慢、精度不高等问题，提出了一种基于YOLOv7-tiny算法改进的轻量化检测模型，引入CBAM注意力模块强化模型目标识别能力，同时为提高边界框损失的拟合效果，改进回归框损失函数为基于动态非单调聚焦的Wise-IoU，确保该网络在保证检测速度的前提下，能够实现对设备状态灯的高效准确检测。最后，基于Segment Anything Model的AnyLabeling标签工具制作的数据集进行实验，得到改进算法在测试集上准确率（Precision,P）达到99.5%，召回率（Recall,R）达到99.3%，单张图片检测速度达到15.7 ms/张，验证了提出算法在检测精度和速度方面的优越性，有助于提高设备监控的自动化程度。     

改进的YOLOv3-Tiny网络在风机叶片损伤检测中的应用

为了解决YOLOv3-Tiny对无人机采集的风机叶片图像损伤检测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于深度学习的风机叶片图像损伤检测方法。首先提出一种跨越式特征联合网络结构,由卷积层和拼接层构成,将不同深度的特征信息进行融合再学习,提取目标多层级特征信息;其次引入Inception模块结构,其中4个平行通道的多个卷积核对输入的特征图进行组合和压缩,在减少网络的学习参数的同时更好地表征图像特征信息,提高小目标的检测精度。实验表明,改进后算法的检测精度提高了2.69%,在自制的数据集中mAP可以达到88.58%,并且模型的参数缩小了4倍。因此,改进的方法比传统的YOLOv3-Tiny网络具有更好的检测效果。研究结果可为基于图像的损伤检测和风机叶片损伤智能识别提供参考。     

空间大些 安全多些

6月21日早上5点多,醴潭高速由西往东44公里处发生一起客车与货车追尾事故。正在民警处理这起交通事故时,在醴潭高速又发生一起大客车追尾事故。据了解,这两起事故都是由大客车司机疲劳驾驶所引起的。统计数据显示,因疲劳驾驶导致的交通事故约占总数的20%左右,占特大交通事故的40%以上。司机疲劳驾驶固然与驾驶时间过     

神秘的疲劳监测

不知您是否注意过自己爱车仪表盘上咖啡杯图案的提示,如果驾车时亮起,请您一定尽快休息,那不是"鸟窝"咖啡的广告,那是提醒您已经是疲劳驾驶了。当您驾车时出现换挡不及时、不准确,说明您已经处于轻微疲劳状态;当您出现操作动作呆滞,有时甚至会忘记将要进行的操作,说明您已处于中度疲劳;当出现下意识操作或出现短时间睡眠现象时,说明已处于重度疲劳,往往醒来时便已酿成大祸。这些疲劳的驾驶表现对驾驶安全有着致命的威胁,难道就没有技术能够有效地提醒驾驶员么?接下来就为大家一一解读。     

电装以安全环保技术实现人车和谐社会

本报讯在11月27日～30日举办的FISITA世界汽车工程年会上,电装以安全、环保相关产品为中心,展现在各个领域的技术力量。在安全领域,电装将展出有助于安全驾驶的驾驶员状态监视器。该监视器由搭载于车辆转向柱的摄像机观察驾驶员的脸部图像,通过图像识别技术监测驾驶员的困倦程度并判断驾驶状态。此外还有由图像传感器、毫米波雷达构成的传感系统,     

允许司机疲劳上高速 疲劳驾驶警示系统路试获支持

沃尔沃集团近日向瑞典政府提出,希望政府允许感觉疲劳的司机在高速路上驾驶,以此来测试公司此前推出的疲劳驾驶警示系统。瑞典政府批准了这一提议,允许此测试在高速公路的特定路段进行。此前,沃尔沃集团引入澳大利亚视觉机器公司(Seeing Machines)的最新疲劳驾驶警示系统。该系统利用摄像头探测司机眼睑的活动情况来判断其疲劳程度,并自动提醒驾驶员。     

“防疲劳”系统助推客运安全

只要按下指纹,监控调度员就能及时了解客车司机是否处于疲劳驾驶状态。近日,郑州交运集团为所有营运客车分批安装了"驾驶员疲劳驾驶在线智能监测系统"(以下简称为"防疲劳"系统)。据了解,该系统为全国首创,只有通过指纹验证是司机本人,方能准许驾驶车辆,否则将会语音报警。同时,客车司机连续驾驶超过4小时也会自动发出警告。"防疲劳"系统减少事故发生据郑州交运集团相关负责人介绍,客运公司发出超过4个小时车程的班次,必须配备两名司机,并且要求客车司机每小时按一下"指纹检测器"。如果连续驾驶超过4小时,监控员会实施语音提醒,要求更换司机或停     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

The role of government in broadband access

This paper discusses the role of governments in broadband. It is divided into five sections. Following an introduction in section one, section two discusses the diffusion of broadband Internet. Section three deals with competition-based and public-goods views on regulation and the corresponding roles and issues for governments. To gain deeper insights into the role of government in broadband, section four analyses market regulation and public activities in furthering broadband deployment in the US, Korea and Europe. These insights are evaluated in relation to the theoretical considerations established in section three. Section five closes with a discussion of our results and some conclusions. It becomes obvious that national broadband strategies benefit from considering both public good and competition-related aspects.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.