产品内国际分工中的收益分配——基于笔记本电脑商品链的分析

产品内国际分工拓宽了经济开放国家或地区的国际分工参与度．但处在产品内国际分工不同生产环节的企业所获收益却并非一致。本文对产品内国际分工中的收益分配问题进行了较为深入的理论探讨，得出结论——各分工环节的市场结构决定了其所获收益，并通过对笔记本电脑产品内分工体系的分析进一步证明了理论分析结果。     

网络型国际产业转移模式研究

针对工序型国际产业转移在当代的发展，本文揭示了一种新型的国际产业转移模式——网络型国际产业转移模式；并对网络型国际产业转移模式所包含的三种细分模式，即垂直顺梯度工序型、水平工序型、“逆”梯度工序型国际产业转移模式进行了分析。在此基础上，探讨了网络型国际产业转移模式的形成对传统国际分工格局的影响，以及对一国在网络型国际产业转移格局中的产业发展战略问题提出了建议。     

产品内分工提升中国制造业价值创造能力研究——基于15个制造业子行业数据的实证分析

本文在测度我国制造业参与国际产品内分工程度的基础上,以1997～2009年15个制造业子行业为研究样本,分析我国制造业参与产品内分工程度与其生产率和利润率之间的关系.研究结果表明,资本密集型和资本技术密集型行业参与产品内分工有利于提升行业劳动生产率和利润率水平,而劳动密集型行业参与产品内分工对劳动生产率和利润率的影响不显著.因此,通过参与国际产品内分工、嵌入全球价值链,更有助于资本密集型和资本技术密集型行业获取技术进步和市场联系,从而提高自身竞争力,进入到增加值、利润率更高的价值链环节,实现产业升级.     

产品内国际分工对中国工业生产率的影响分析

产品内国际分工使国际分工由产品层面深入到工序层面,有利于优化资源配置、节约生产成本、提高生产率。对中国工业参与产品内国际分工的研究验证了这种积极效应。并且,产品内国际分工对生产率的影响程度与行业特性密切相关。在我国工业各行业中,资本密集型行业与出口密集度高的行业表现出更快地参与到产品内国际分工中去的趋势,在这些行业产品内国际分工促进生产率提高的影响也更显著。     

全球化的时代的企业运营——从脑体合一走向脑体分离

本文利用微观分工的理论，指出了经济全球化时代企业脑体产业分离的重要趋势，分析了脑体产业分离和脑体产业再分离的内在原因，既而指出了脑体产业分工在地域上的规律。在此基础上，探讨了在脑体产业分离的全球化时代，企业如何应变局势，如何获取新的竞争优势，以及如何融入全球分工网络。     

全球化时代的企业运营—从脑体合一走向脑体分离

本文利用微观分工的理论，指出了经济全球化时代企业脑体产业分离的重要趋势，分析了脑体产业分离和脑体产业再分离的内在原因，既而指出了脑体产业分工在地域上的规律。在此基础上，探讨了在脑体产业分离的全球化时代，企业如何应变局势，如何获取新的竞争优势，以及如何融入全球分工网络。     

基于专业化的供应链产品内分工研究

在生产全球化的趋势下,供应链产品的分工模式也在发生着深刻的变化,在原有纵向和横向分工的基础上,又出现了供应链产品的内分工模式.这种分工模式是专业化生产不断细化的必然结果.本文正是从这个角度出发,分析了供应链产品内分工的形成原因,并在此基础上分析了这种新型分工模式对我国产业发展的影响.     

产品内国际分工与中国产业结构优化升级的相互影响分析

20世纪80年代以来,中国在参与产品的国际化生产与协作的过程中,不仅带来了国际贸易方式的重大改变,也使得产业结构优化升级的内涵和表现形式发生了变化,而这种改变进一步影响了中国产品内国际分工的地位。本文在构建一国参与产品内国际分工程度和产业结构优化程度指标的基础上,定量分析两者相互影响程度,得出：一国参与产品内国际分工程度越深,该国产业结构优化程度越高;产业结构越优化,其产品内国际分工地位越高。     

全球价值链模式的产业转移——动力、影响与对中国产业升级和区域协调发展的启示

全球价值链(Global Value Chain,GVC)作为组织当今国际产业转移的主要方式,已经对全球经济的微观基础产生了根本性的影响。本文对GVC模式的产业转移从学理上进行了界定,阐述了给全球化带来的四个特征性事实;在从要素特征、竞争优势、技术进步、市场环境和国家战略等方面分析了GVC模式的产业转移的驱动力量后,指出由GVC来主导产业转移所形成的国际分工体系,是国际技术前沿的实施机制;进一步,本文探究了GVC模式的产业转移对发展中国家产业升级的影响;本文最后指出,将GVC模式的产业转移内涵的竞争方式,与自身的国情和优势相结合来发展国内价值链,应该是中国实现产业升级和缩小地区差距的一条新思路。     

在全球化产业链条中加速升级换代——我国加工贸易的产业升级状况分析

本文认为，由跨国公司直接投资带动的加工贸易的发展，是发展中国家融入产业内分工，沿着全球化产业链条不断地由劳动密集型环节向技术密型环节提升，进而实现产业升级换代的有效而便捷的途径。本文对我国加工贸易的产业分布和产品性质进行了动态考察和调研分析。指出中国的加工贸易目前已进入由劳动密集型向技术密集型产业升级换代的阶段，其在国际分工中的地位已得到显著提升，通过对影响加工贸易升级换代诸因素的分析，本文对我国加工贸易发展提出了相应的政策建议。     

增强Linux系统安全性的措施

L inux系统的安全取决于系统管理员如何来管理它。本文探讨了一系列可以增强安全性的技巧与策略 ,包括 :系统安装原则、BIOS安全、口令安全策略、设计帐户自动注销功能、文件系统和日志安全策略、使用 SSH及 TCP-WRAPPERS,隐藏系统信息、删除所有特殊帐户、关闭控制台程序、限制系统中的 SUID/ SGID程序等。本文最后向 L inux系统管理员提出了一些安全管理方面的建议     

CIS与现代企业管理美学

概括性介绍了 ＣＩＳ（Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅ Ｉｄｅｎｔｉｔｙ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ）的三大基本组成，并阐述了它与现代企业管理密不可分的相互联系及所处的举足轻重的地位，指出导入ＣＩＳ是现代企业谋求发展的重要手段。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Diffusion and usage of public e-services in Europe: An assessment of country level indicators and drivers

We analyze the state of the art of indicators on e-government, e-health, e-procurement and e-participation. We survey the main methodological properties of these indicators, and highlight their heuristic potential. Further, we address empirically the issue of the explanation of the availability scores, i.e. how the supply of the various e-services in each country is affected by political, institutional and socio-economic differences, and is followed by actual usage. The econometric analysis uncovers the importance of broadband penetration and higher education as drivers for most of the types of e-services and users (citizens and businesses). Moreover, a corruption-free and agile public sector proves to be an important pre-condition for more effective supply and usage. Despite data limitations and the complexity of the underlying diffusion phenomena, our study is the first truly longitudinal contribution aimed at disentangling the common drivers of such an important phenomenon – the e-services availability and usage across European countries. As such, this work appears useful to inform the policy debate and practice, in a phase characterized by a prospective reorientation of the public e-services provision and policy agenda.     

一种高精度的频率标准比对系统

频率标准源可以提供精确的标准频率,在测定频率标准源的各项性能指标时,要求测试系统必须具有很高的比对精度。所设计的频率标准比对系统采取多级倍频 混频方式使频率偏差逐级扩大后再测量,从而避免了直接进行高次倍频的困难,提高了测量精度,可以对高精度的频率标准的准确度、长短期频率稳定度进行快速测量,是一种高精度时畴参数测量系统。     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

The role of government in broadband access

This paper discusses the role of governments in broadband. It is divided into five sections. Following an introduction in section one, section two discusses the diffusion of broadband Internet. Section three deals with competition-based and public-goods views on regulation and the corresponding roles and issues for governments. To gain deeper insights into the role of government in broadband, section four analyses market regulation and public activities in furthering broadband deployment in the US, Korea and Europe. These insights are evaluated in relation to the theoretical considerations established in section three. Section five closes with a discussion of our results and some conclusions. It becomes obvious that national broadband strategies benefit from considering both public good and competition-related aspects.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.