河北省财政支出与经济增长关系的研究

文章通过对河北省1978—2011年间的财政支出和地区生产总值之间的关系进行探讨得知,河北省财政支出与经济增长之间存在着协整关系。通过建立格兰杰因果检验,并且分别从长期和短期两个角度进行验证。结果表明,河北省经济增长是财政支出的原因,而财政支出却不是经济增长的原因。因此,我们得出了财政支出仅能调节经济,而不能成为经济发展的有力支柱的结论。     

政府支出、房地产投资与经济增长——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

现阶段,我国的经济增长是投资拉动的经济增长,忽视了投资过度膨胀的不利影响。本文利用2000~2011年全国31个省区市财政支出、房地产投资和经济增长的有关数据,通过单位根检验和协整检验,建立面板数据模型,以财政支出、房地产投资与经济增长之间的长期稳定关系为研究对象进行实证性分析。研究表明:政府支出与房地产投资对经济增长具有明显的促进作用,政府支出的产出弹性大于房地产投资产出弹性;财政支出与房地产投资对经济增长的影响程度在各个省份之间存在较大的差异。分析结果表明:财政支出和房地产投资的激增导致了经济体中流动性的增加和通胀危险的加剧,而硬化财政预算约束、优化财政支出结构、提高信贷成本、缩小信贷规模是防范这一风险的重要途径。     

基于计量模型经济增长与财政收支关系的实证分析

财政收支与经济增长的关系一直存在争议。本文通过误差修正模型、格兰杰检验和脉冲响应函数进行实证分析,分析发现：财政收支与经济增长在长期均衡方面相关性不显著,但是在短期均衡上存在相互关系。财政收入能够促进经济的增长,经济的增长能够促进财政支出的增长,但是这种积极作用是逐渐形成,并不能迅速发生效果。为了保证财政收支效果,促进经济发展,本文提出了相关政策建议。     

能源、经济和环境作用机制及其实证分析

从分析能源、经济和环境组成的3E系统相互作用机制出发,运用联立方程模型对中国1998～2010年的时间序列数据进行分析.实证结果表明:①能源消费快速增加主要是由经济增长引起的,同时减少温室气体排放增加了能源消费,而减少能源强度能够明显降低能源消费;②能源消费和资本投入等生产要素促进了经济增长,环境污染对经济增长产生负面影响;③环境污染主要是由能源消费和经济发展引起的,调整产业结构能够减少污染物排放.因此,研究结论隐含了政府能够通过转变经济增长模式,继续降低能源强度,大力发展第三产业和积极治理环境污染等措施实现能源、经济和环境的可持续发展.     

中国经济增长与环境污染--基于广义脉冲响应函数法的实证研究

本文运用基于VAR模型的广义脉冲响应函数法与方差分解法,考察了我国1985-2003年期间6类环境污染指标与人均GDP之间的长期动态影响特征.冲击响应分析结果表明,一方面经济增长是影响我国污染排放的重要原因,另一方面环境污染对经济增长也存在着反向作用,然而后者具有一定滞后效应.方差分解结果显示人均GDP是解释各类污染排放的预测方差的重要变量,然而污染排放对经济增长的预测方差贡献度则相对较小.     

我国经济增长与环境污染、碳税关系的空间计量分析

以2001～2009年我国31个省级面板数据为基础,利用空间计量方法检验了经济增长与环境污染、碳税的关系,建立了包括废水、废气、废渣与碳税为变量的空间滞后模型.结果表明省城经济增长之间存在空间相关性,应注重地理位置相邻省份之间的经济协调发展,促进经济的正向推动作用;废气污染对经济增长贡献度依然较大,但是多数省市自治区经济增长已经摆脱对废水、废渣行业的依赖;征收碳税对治理环境污染作用重大,不仅可以促进经济增长,还可以抑制废气排放.     

由煤炭大省向新型能源和煤化工大省跨越——访全国政协委员、山西省副省长张少琴

“山西作为资源型省份，去年在经济增长11．8％的情况下，污染物排放降低了3．57％，化学需氧量、水污染指标（COD）下降了2％以上，在实现了经济较快增长、经济效益大幅提升的同时，出现了污染下降，节能降耗也有进步，这种局面在山西是首次出现。”     

中国国民经济增长与CO_2排放量的关系研究

经济发展水平与环境质量之间关系问题,是世界各国研究的热点问题之一.本文基于1980～2005年中国GDP和CO2排放量等统计数据,利用格兰氏因果关系和误差修正模型,检验了国民经济与CO2排放量之间以及各产业的经济发展与产业CO2排放量之间的关系,结果显示,GDP的增长能够影响CO2的排放量.在三大产业中,从长期来看,第二产业经济增长与其CO2排放量呈正相关关系,第二产业GDP增长1%时,其CO2排放量就增长2.37%,经济增长水平对CO2排放量的影响非常大,因此,优化产业结构,降低第二产业在经济总量中的比例是促进经济可持续发展,改善环境质量,减少污染物排放量的关键.     

车用柴油质量分析及添加剂改进效果分析

近年来,随着全球经济的快速发展,交通和能源已经成为促进我国经济发展的重要因素。汽车行业的发展也更加迅猛,汽车数量于2014年已经达到1.4亿辆,近十年来,仍然呈不断上升的趋势,平均每年增加1100万辆。汽车数量越多,造成环境污染的可能性越高,汽车尾气中含有的一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮氧化合物等气体,在推动社会发展的同时,也带来了严重的污染问题。由于汽车数量增长导致的环境污染问题成为当前亟待解决的问题,各个国家都在实施日益严格的汽车排放法规,限制尾气排放,我国也在国家发展的不同阶段制定了不同的排放标准,包括国四车排放标准和国五排放标准。由于环境问题的严重性,目前我国实施更加严格的国五车排放标准,对我国第五阶段如何更大的降低汽车污染排放起到了指导作用。要想尽可能的减少污染物的排放,需要确保车用柴油的质量,研究各种添加剂对柴油质量和性能的不同作用具有重要意义,能够避免由于添加剂的添加量不合适而导致的柴油性能差的问题。本文针对国五车排放标准,探讨了降凝剂、抗氧剂、十六烷改进剂等添加剂对柴油性能的影响,对我国车用柴油的使用质量标准具有重要的参考价值。     

煤炭企业发展循环经济的路径选择

一、循环经济与传统经济的区别 与传统经济相比，循环经济的不同之处在于：传统经济是一种由“资源-产品-污染排放”单向流动的线性经济，其特征是高开采、低利用、高排放。在这种经济中，人们高强度地把地球上的物质和能源提取出来，然后又把污染和废物大量地排放到水系、空气和土壤中，对资源的利用是粗放的和一次性的．通过把资源持续不断地变成废物来实现经济的数量型增长。而循环经济倡导的是一种与环境和谐的经济发展模式。     

Divergent patterns of engagement in Internet standardization: Japan,Korea and China

This article analyzes the engagement of Japanese, Korean and Chinese participants in the development of Internet standards at IETF on the basis of four quantitative metrics: attendance, patenting, authorship and leadership. The results are strikingly divergent. Japanese involvement in Internet standardization began early and Japan was, for many years, second only to the U.S. in terms of IETF participation. Though Japanese participation has declined since the early 2000s, Japan remains a major contributor to IETF standardization. Korean involvement in IETF has always been significant, but below the levels of Japan and major European countries. Korean participation in IETF has also declined over the past decade, and has been dominated by one firm, Samsung. Though meaningful Chinese involvement in IETF did not begin until the mid-2000s, it has rapidly expanded in recent years. Today, China is a major player in numerous areas of Internet standardization in terms of three metrics (participation, patenting and leadership), and is rapidly gaining in terms of document authorship as well. Most of China׳s recent IETF involvement can be attributed to Huawei, though other Chinese firms have recently begun to increase their participation in the organization. Thus, contrary to some views that China׳s engagement with standardization is primarily one of indigenous innovation and “catching up”, China׳s experience with IETF demonstrates deliberate and effective engagement with a major Western standards-development organization on its own terms.     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Whose Image is it Anyway?: Some Considerations of the Curricular Importance of Subject Image in Secondary School Design and Technology Education

This paper explores the idea that a sense of school subject image is a necessary feature of curriculum management and a potent force for change. The discussion centres on the view that all school subjects have an image and that if those intimately involved with the subject do not control the image then someone else does! In such circumstances the image is the product of past encounters and old euphemisms and is unlikely to hold the changed realities.The UK developments in Design and Technology education (the term Design and Technology is used to denote the school subject defined under this heading by the UK National Curriculum, 1995) have created something of an image problem which has interesting international parallels. Some of these problems are due to clearly discernible internal tensions and an ambiguous relationship with other subject areas.Through greater attention to subject image internal controversies might be acknowledged and resolved, relationships with other subject areas can be more meaningfully understood and practitioners can be helped to make sense of curriculum change.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

面向对象的程序设计

用Ｃ＋ ＋ 语言阐述面向对象程序设计中封装和继承的概念以及在实际中怎样运用这些概念提高程序设计水平。     

蒸汽热量计量应用的探析

研究了石油化工企业的燕汽计量情况,着重对蒸汽热量计量的合理性进行了分析,阐述了蒸汽热量计量的依据及计算方法,以及蒸气热量计量对节能降耗的重要意义.     

论传统旗袍文化与现代时装

中国的旗袍文化蕴含着非常丰富的文化内涵和设计思想,如今旗袍的普及受到一定的限制,只有经过改良,才可变局限性为可行性,才可使旗袍焕发青春,走向新时代。