基于压缩感知的电力设备视频图像去噪方法研究

文章采用基于过完备字典的稀疏表示方法,结合压缩感知理论去除目前电力视频监控图像中存在的噪声。使用噪声图像训练过完备字典,其中过完备字典的更新使用K-SVD算法,求解稀疏系数使用OMP算法,最后重构去噪后的图像。Matlab仿真实验表明,对添加了不同标准差的高斯噪声图像,该方法具有良好的去噪效果,与目前常用的小波函数相比,能更好的降低图像中的高斯白噪声,并且在字典训练过程中直接使用视频拍摄的带噪声图像,即使没有原始的无噪声图像,依然能够完成去噪任务。     

自动跟踪太阳装置（专利申请号：98221293．3；200420025618．5）

本专利属于太阳能技术领域。用途为提高太阳能的利用效率，用于多种太阳能利用装置的跟踪。其技术特点是利用遮挡杆阴影遮挡太阳能电池板面积的变化，驱动直流电机带动太阳能电池安装板转动，实现自动跟踪。和现有技术相比，跟踪机构简单，不需任何外加能源，本身既是传感器又是动力源，降低了成本。可对不同季节或太阳照射方向的变化，能自动转向跟踪。     

基于VSIMM-SRCKF的ADS-B航迹滤波方法研究

为了提高ADS-B航迹跟踪精度,并针对交互多模型算法所选模型集而导致的跟踪性能下降的问题,采用基于平方根容积卡尔曼的变结构交互多模型(VSIMM-SRCKF)算法对航迹进行滤波。建立运动目标跟踪的VSIMM模型集来描述机动目标的系统总模型集合,在滤波过程中,SRCKF递推的更新通过将协方差矩阵开平方得到,使计算复杂度降低,并且使协方差矩阵保持非负定,能够避免滤波中的发散问题。仿真结果表明:提出的基于平方根容积卡尔曼的变结构交互多模型算法(VSIMM-SRCKF)在估计误差均值、估计误差标准差以及平均绝对百分比误差方面均优于IMM-CKF算法和IMM-SRCKF算法,说明VSIMM-SRCKF算法具有更好的跟踪精度,可适应于复杂目标航迹的实时跟踪。     

基于Hausdorff距离的人脸检测

研究了一种基于Hausdorff距离的人脸检测算法,该方法由多个规格化大小的人脸图像的边缘图构成模板图像,在对检测图像距离变换的基础上,通过对距离图像的搜索匹配,实现人脸检测。实验结果表明,该方法对包含噪声、模糊特征等复杂环境和部分遮挡的图像仍能较好地完成匹配,比传统的检测方法更为有效。     

基于多特征融合GMM的阴影检测策略研究

将运动目标从背景中准确分割出的过程中,阴影的检测和消除起着重要作用。传统的目标和阴影检测算法一般都是基于目标颜色等单特征信息,因此在很大程度上受到了场景光照条件变化的影响而导致算法的执行效果降低。提出一种基于颜色信息和纹理信息的多特征融合的混合高斯模型检测算法,可以降低由单特征检测所带来较高的误检率。其中采用了两重阴影判决方法以确定真实阴影,首先通过颜色夹角进行疑似阴影的判决,进而根据前景区域和背景区域的相似度和颜色分量差值再次判决阴影。最后通过实验对阴影检测算法进行比较,表明了本文提出算法能够对阴影进行准确消除。     

基于像素级估计的视频显著性检测

为了减少背景噪声干扰,准确地从复杂视频中提取显著目标,提出一种具有时空一致性的视频显著区域检测算法。将视频帧划分为超像素,以超像素为基本单元提取光流特征,在时空一致性原则指导下动态融合颜色、边界信息和光流特征,获取视频显著图。在此基础上,借助视频帧的细节和区域特征对视频显著图进行细化增强。实验结果表明,算法的准确率[CD*2]召回率曲线在复杂图像数据库中高于传统经典算法,具有足够高的鲁棒性,能够减少相机运动和背景运动以及突变情况对跟踪检测的影响。所提方法能够在各种运动模式下和外观复杂场景中较为完整地提取显著目标,可作为预处理技术,改善目标跟踪、行为检测、视频压缩等的性能。     

基于MBP算法和深度学习的人脸识别

为了解决在深度学习提取人脸图像特征时,易忽略其局部结构特征和缺乏对其旋转不变性学习的问题,提出了一种基于单演局部二值模式(MBP)与深度学习相结合的高效率人脸识别方法。首先,用多尺度单演滤波器对图像进行滤波,得到幅值和方向信息;其次,用LBP算法和象限比特的方法进行编码,分块计算组合其直方图特征;然后,将提取的单演特征作为深度信念网络(DBN)的输入,逐层训练优化网络参数,得到优异的网络模型;最后,将训练好的DBN网络在ORL人脸数据库上进行人脸识别实验,进行识别率计算,其识别率为98.75%。所提出的方法使用无监督的贪婪算法,隐藏层设定为2层,使用反向传播算法优化网络。相较于已知的人脸识别方法,MBP+DBN算法对光照、表情和部分遮挡变化具有较好的鲁棒性,在人脸识别中识别率较高,具有一定的优势,为图像特征提供了一种新的识别方法。     

多光谱图像获取中光照不均匀性的非线性校正算法

为降低多光谱图像数据获取过程中光照不均匀性造成的影响,本研究对多光谱成像系统中获取设备——多光谱相机的CCD响应特性进行了分析,建立非线性光照不均匀性校正算法。针对大尺度物体表面光照特性,通过Cheby-shev多项式对光照分布曲面进行非线性拟合,进而对光照不均匀性造成的CCD响应误差进行了校正。实验结果表明：本研究提出的非线性校正方法可以很好地降低光照不均匀性的影响,在目前的校正方法中,效果最理想。     

一种基于机器视觉技术的城市轨道交通客流量检测方法

为了准确识别并检测城市轨道交通客流量变化,研究轨道交通客流量的变化规律,以客观图像为研究对象,以机器视觉技术为研究手段,提出了一种新的交通客流检测方法。在对交通客流视频图像进行滤波与增强后,利用Canny边缘帧差法从预处理图像中获取完整的运动目标轮廓。同时,利用AdaBoost检测算法构建的强分类器完成乘客头部的检测,并通过双线差值算法消除视频图像中不同位置尺寸所产生的误检框,实现对目标的跟踪与记载,完成客流量的统计。结果表明,该方法在交通客流量的检测中准确率高于90%。检测方法对提高城市轨道交通客流量的检测准确性具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于图像识别的爬壁机器人的路径规划

目前对于爬壁机器人的路径规划问题,强化学习算法已被广泛运用,但在实时动态复杂工业环境下,该算法存在着数据传递滞后、状态-动作对收敛缓慢、无法估计状态-动作对的问题。本文结合单步Q-learning算法,并对该算法进行改进,提出了跟踪迹Q(λ)算法:即一种基于离散马尔可夫决策过程的经典Q学习并结合了瞬时差分算法多步回报和跟踪迹提取的算法。实践表明,该算法解决了路径规划过程中,强化学习算法存在的局部寻优能力差、实时性不强等缺点。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

电子产品的电磁兼容性设计

首先介绍电磁兼容性的基本概念与研究领域,然后重点阐述电子产品的电磁兼容性设计与测量。     

SPYRO在烯烃原料生产方案测算中的应用

文章对SPYRO裂解模拟软件在石化企业烯烃生产原料优化方案测算中的应用进行了比较深度的概括分析.结合该软件在上海石化的实际应用,认为在劣质化原油加工份额不断增加的趋势下,SPYRO裂解模拟软件有助于石化企业在烯烃生产原料优化选择、生产计划合理安排、原油加工生产效益比较等方面为企业相关决策者提供有效地帮助.     

施工企业工程项目部的建设浅论

工程项目的一次性决定了工程项目部的一次性，而工程项目成本中心与企业利润中心地位又辱致工程项目部的临时性，在工程项目实践过程中，项目经理部的一次性在实现其功能的过程中可能会产生很多局限和负面影响，故项目部应具有相对的稳定性，在此基础上，本对工程项目部建设实践进行了初步总结并提出了建议。     

European consumer preferences for beef with nutrition and health claims: A multi-country investigation using discrete choice experiments

The European Union (EU) nutrition labelling policy aims to facilitate consumers’ food choice, stimulate innovation and facilitate the circulation of foods bearing claims across countries. However, the beef industry has not fully taken advantage of utilizing nutrition and health claims based on the EU nutrition labelling policy to differentiate beef products in the market. This study investigates consumer preferences for nutrition and health claims on lean beef steak. Two choice experiments were conducted among 2400 beef consumers in four EU countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands, United and United Kingdom). Multinomial logit and error component models were estimated. Our results generally suggest that consumer valuation of nutritional and health claims varies across countries. In Belgium, the Netherlands and France, nutrition and health claims on saturated fat yielded higher utilities than claims on protein and/or iron, while the opposite was found among consumers in the UK. The results imply that marketing opportunities related to nutrition and health claims on beef are promising, but that different nutritional marketing strategies are necessary within different countries.     

Social media as a useful tool in food risk and benefit communication? A strategic orientation approach

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the determinants of risk perception and in identifying the necessary components of effective food risk and benefit communication, this has not been matched with the development of efficient and appropriate communication tools. Little work has been done examining the implications of the explosion of new media and web technologies, which may offer potential for improving food risk and benefit communication. First, this study examines the views of stakeholders (n = 38) and experts (n = 33) in the food domain on the potential use of these emerging media for food risk/benefit communication. Based on in-depth interviews in six European countries (Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Spain and The Netherlands), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of social media in food risk and benefit communication were identified. Second, a Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the SWOT components according to stakeholders (n = 10) and experts (n = 13). Results show that both stakeholders and experts confirm a future role of social media in food risk and benefit communication. Strengths as speed, accessibility and interaction make social media an interesting tool in crisis communication or issue awareness raising. Weaknesses as the lack of a filter, low trust, the risk of information overload and a communication preference for traditional media are acknowledged.