第二产业劳动力供给结构调整——建筑业兴起对制造业就业规模的影响

制造业是中国经济的重要组成部分， 在中国经济产业升级加速的大背景下， 制造业在经济总量中的占比日渐下降。 本文从第二产业内部劳动力供给结构改变的角度入手， 利用中国30个省市自治区2008～2017年的面板数据实证分析建筑业兴起对制造业就业规模的影响， 结果发现建筑业的兴起显著降低了制造业的相对就业规模， 但在绝对就业规模上建筑业兴起促进了制造业就业规模的增加。 同时本文发现东部地区制造业和中西部地区制造业对劳动力的偏好不同， 高人力资本劳动力的增加提高了东部地区制造业就业规模， 但降低了中西部地区制造业的就业规模。     

中国东部地区金融发展的经济增长效应

东部地区是我国经济增长与金融发展较快的区域,金融发展对我国东部经济增长起着什么作用呢?本文以中国东部各省1985年—2007年数据为样本,建立动态面板数据模型进行实证研究,结果表明中国东部的金融发展对经济增长具有显著的促进效应。     

中国制造业产业集聚的实证研究

文章利用集中度、基尼系数、赫芬达尔指数(N指数)等指标,对中国20个二位数制造业门类的集聚性进行了实证研究,并对其中5个门类进行了细化研究,得出结论:中国部分制造业已显现出较强的集中性,且主要集中在东部沿海省市,但一些规模经济和范围经济性强、在国外具有显著集聚特征的行业的集聚性还比较低。     

研发费用加计扣除对先进制造业绩效的影响研究

加快发展先进制造业是建设中国式现代化经济体系的重要支撑。本文选取2015-2021年间687家先进制造业企业为样本进行研究,结果表明：一是研发费用加计扣除政策,对当期和下一期的企业绩效影响显著。二是政策异质性因素实证结果表明：长三角东部地区激励效果更强;对非国有企业激励效果更强;在生命周期方面,成熟期企业绩效提升更显著;在企业所得税税率方面,享受组合式激励效果更显著。     

中国化工500强的地域分布现状与特征

中国化工500强企业个数与经济总量主要集中在东部，其分布与地区经济发展状况相一致。2004年全国共有30个省、自治区、直辖市(不包括台湾省)的企业进入500强。所有企业中东西部地区各有381家和43家，分别占76．2％和8．6%。在较为集中的东部，以江苏最多，有87家，占17．4％，二至五名分别是山东75家，占15．0％；浙江52家，占10．4％；广东46家，占     

我国制造业上市公司技术效率与技术进步实证研究

本文运用非参数的Malmqusit生产率指数法研究了2001—2005年期间中国制造业上市公司全要素生产率的水平及其变迁情况,并对其子行业和地区分布特征进行了探讨。同时对那些影响制造业上市公司生产率的主要因素进行了剖析。实证研究表明,中国制造业上市公司全要素生产率年平均增长1．9％,相对比较低,呈现出波动性特征。制造业上市公司全要素生产率的增长主要是由技术进步和效率改善共同引致的;开放程度比较高的行业,生产率也比较高,而高度垄断以及开放度低的行业如石油加工及炼焦业的生产率就比较低。东、中、西部地区制造业上市公司全要素生产率存在差异,东部最高,中部和西部次之,年均增长率分别为2．7％、1．7％、0．4％。股权集中度、企业盈利能力和企业年龄与制造业上市公司技术效率以及生产率的提升显著正相关,而股权制衡度、控股股东的性质与制造业上市佘司技术效率以及生产率的提升并不显著;企业年龄与上市公司技术进步没有必然的关系,而企业规模对对制造业上市公司技术进步有显著影响。     

中国大企业发展的最新趋势、问题和建议

本文根据中国企业联合会、中国企业家协会近5年发布的中国企业500强、中国制造业企业500强、中国服务业企业500强的相关数据,对我国大企业发展的最新趋势、发展特征、突出问题进行了研究。分析表明,我国大企业继续保持快速稳定增长态势,在世界500强中的企业数量、资产总额、净利润总额所占比重都大幅增加,2004年以来的重化工趋势仍在延续,大型国有企业仍然占据主导地位。我国大企业发展存在的问题,表现在应对外部冲击的能力不高、资产整合能力不强、跨国经营能力较弱等多个方面。针对这些问题,本文提出了进一步促进我国企业做强做大做久的对策建议。     

大型企业:提升竞争力的五大途径

我国大型企业综合竞争力亟待提高虽然中国企业保持了持续快速发展的势头,但竞争力提升并不明显,2006中国企业500强与2006美国企业500强、世界企业500强的主要指标,如营业收入、利润规模、资产规模、生产率等方面差距仍然很大。导致我国大型企业竞争力提     

制造业智能化水平测度及其对企业投资效率影响的研究北大核心

“智能制造”是我国的发展战略之一,能有效推动我国制造业企业转型升级。企业投资效率的高低影响其财务状况与经营业绩的好坏,提高企业投资效率对企业自身的良好运营及我国整体经济的发展具有重要意义。本文以2015~2020年105家智能制造试点上市公司为研究对象,探究了智能化水平对企业投资效率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)总体上我国智能化水平不断上升;区域分布上东部地区智能化水平较高,中部、西部以及东北地区依次降低;(2)企业投资效率呈现整体上升趋势,投资过度情况呈增长态势,投资不足情况基本呈下降趋势;东部和东北地区的样本企业更多表现为投资过度,而在中西部地区多为投资不足;(3)实证检验结果表明,智能化水平对企业投资效率有显著的提升作用,在东部地区,企业的智能化水平与企业非效率投资有明显的负相关关系;当样本企业为国有企业时,智能化水平对企业非效率投资有抑制作用;非国有制造业试点企业的智能化水平也能有效避免出现非效率投资的情况。     

中国产业结构优化对经济增长的实证分析

产业结构优化是促进经济增长的一大引擎，本文从测度产业结构优化入手，把我国分为东中西3个区域，从产业发展的角度，采用空间计量模型对比不同区域以及不同经济规模下的产业结构高级化和合理化对经济增长的影响。结果显示：产业结构高级化和合理化对我国经济增长的作用具有明显的区域特征，在经济比较发达的东部区域，推动经济增长的主要力量是产业结构合理化；而在经济发展处于中游的中部地区，主要是产业结构高级化促进了经济增长；对于经济发展比较落后的西部地区，产业结构高级化和合理化对经济增长的贡献均不明显 。     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

电子产品的电磁兼容性设计

首先介绍电磁兼容性的基本概念与研究领域,然后重点阐述电子产品的电磁兼容性设计与测量。     

SPYRO在烯烃原料生产方案测算中的应用

文章对SPYRO裂解模拟软件在石化企业烯烃生产原料优化方案测算中的应用进行了比较深度的概括分析.结合该软件在上海石化的实际应用,认为在劣质化原油加工份额不断增加的趋势下,SPYRO裂解模拟软件有助于石化企业在烯烃生产原料优化选择、生产计划合理安排、原油加工生产效益比较等方面为企业相关决策者提供有效地帮助.     

施工企业工程项目部的建设浅论

工程项目的一次性决定了工程项目部的一次性，而工程项目成本中心与企业利润中心地位又辱致工程项目部的临时性，在工程项目实践过程中，项目经理部的一次性在实现其功能的过程中可能会产生很多局限和负面影响，故项目部应具有相对的稳定性，在此基础上，本对工程项目部建设实践进行了初步总结并提出了建议。     

European consumer preferences for beef with nutrition and health claims: A multi-country investigation using discrete choice experiments

The European Union (EU) nutrition labelling policy aims to facilitate consumers’ food choice, stimulate innovation and facilitate the circulation of foods bearing claims across countries. However, the beef industry has not fully taken advantage of utilizing nutrition and health claims based on the EU nutrition labelling policy to differentiate beef products in the market. This study investigates consumer preferences for nutrition and health claims on lean beef steak. Two choice experiments were conducted among 2400 beef consumers in four EU countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands, United and United Kingdom). Multinomial logit and error component models were estimated. Our results generally suggest that consumer valuation of nutritional and health claims varies across countries. In Belgium, the Netherlands and France, nutrition and health claims on saturated fat yielded higher utilities than claims on protein and/or iron, while the opposite was found among consumers in the UK. The results imply that marketing opportunities related to nutrition and health claims on beef are promising, but that different nutritional marketing strategies are necessary within different countries.     

Social media as a useful tool in food risk and benefit communication? A strategic orientation approach

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the determinants of risk perception and in identifying the necessary components of effective food risk and benefit communication, this has not been matched with the development of efficient and appropriate communication tools. Little work has been done examining the implications of the explosion of new media and web technologies, which may offer potential for improving food risk and benefit communication. First, this study examines the views of stakeholders (n = 38) and experts (n = 33) in the food domain on the potential use of these emerging media for food risk/benefit communication. Based on in-depth interviews in six European countries (Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Spain and The Netherlands), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of social media in food risk and benefit communication were identified. Second, a Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the SWOT components according to stakeholders (n = 10) and experts (n = 13). Results show that both stakeholders and experts confirm a future role of social media in food risk and benefit communication. Strengths as speed, accessibility and interaction make social media an interesting tool in crisis communication or issue awareness raising. Weaknesses as the lack of a filter, low trust, the risk of information overload and a communication preference for traditional media are acknowledged.