节能减排新技术二则

<正>●烟气脱硫技术及硫回收系统中科院广州能源研究所在综合比较湿法烟气脱硫技术的基础上,选择采用烧碱、纯碱为吸收液进行烟气脱硫,饱和吸收液在脱硫剂再生池中用石灰乳进行再生的脱硫工艺路线。该脱硫工艺具有脱硫效率高、不易结垢堵塞的特点,同时,吸收液为全封闭式循环使用,可以减少液态二次污染问题。主要技术性能及指标:①未脱硫烟气中SO2浓度实验范围为700~5500mg/m3,脱硫后烟气中SO浓度在63~550mg/m3,脱     

常用的烟气脱硫技术

石灰石（石灰）—石膏湿式洗涤法是最典型的湿法脱硫工艺。它采用价廉易得的石灰石或石灰作脱硫吸收剂，石灰石经破碎磨细成粉状与水混合搅拌成吸收浆液。当采用石灰为吸收剂时，石灰粉经消化处理后加水搅拌制成吸收剂浆液。在吸收塔里，石灰石/石灰浆液经过雾化喷射到烟气中，与烟气中的SO2反应首先生成亚硫酸钙，再经进一步氧化形成硫酸钙（二水石膏）。     

新技术新产品集萃

烟气海水脱硫在沪获成功　　上海石化和华东理工大学共同承担的“利用杭州湾海水脱除电厂烟气中二氧化硫”中试科研项目，日前通过鉴定。专家认为，该项目已达到国际先进水平。燃煤热电厂排放的二氧化硫被称为“环境杀手”。上海石化的海水脱硫法脱硫率达95％以上，与目前已投入工业应用的其它10余种烟气脱硫法相比，投资和运转费用是最低的，具有经济实用、技术成熟，操作简单、无二次污染等特点，明显优于其它脱硫工艺。年产1万吨微生物法丙烯酰胺的工业化聚合技术　　由中国石化集团胜利石油管理局长安实业集团公司与上海生化工程研究中…     

23t燃煤锅炉除硫系统自动加碱水装置的研制

正1选题理由公司有2台23t燃煤注汽锅炉,在实际工作中,工作人员需要对运行中的脱硫除尘器不定期人工加碱水做脱硫处理,并同时为脱硫除尘器排污,该操作繁琐耗时耗力。2问题症结在操作过程中时常因碱水量过多或过少,导致除硫效果不佳,增加了对大气的污染。由于脱硫后的吸收液被排到渣池中再次利用,当碱液不充足时,烟气中的SO2不能被充分吸收,因此排放到渣池中的吸收液成酸性,不但导致了渣池中设备严重腐蚀,而且因停炉维修延误了注汽生产。     

价值驱动的企业生态效率分析

本文将生态效率分解为3个组成部分， 即销售利润率、总资本周转率和可持续杠杆率，以此来确定企业生态效率的价值驱动因素。选择京津冀地区重化工企业为研究对象， 基于价值驱动对企业主要污染物——SO2（排放） 效率进行定量分析和预测。研究发现： （1） 当企业的可持续杠杆率较低时，较高的经济效益并不能弥补其较低的生态效率； （2） 不同企业污染物的排放（生态） 效率与经济环境和可持续发展水平息息相关， 生态效率较高的企业具有资产回报率升高的潜力； （3） 万元总资产的污染物（So2） 排放量的年下降率在临界值ｔ ＝ｔδ ＝0.0476 以下时， 污染物（SO2） 排放量逐年递增， 反之则逐年递减； （4） 通过对2018～2050年企业的环境负荷预测， 发现当企业的单位总资产SO2 排放量不变时， 实际SO2 排放量与总资产同步增长。因此， 单位总资产SO2排放量， 即可持续杠杆率指标， 有必要保持一定的年下降率， 这一指标是重化工业可持续发展的重要价值驱动因素。     

日本的大气污染控制经验（之八）——面向可持续发展的挑战

从经济角度评价日本大气污染对策 一、大气污染对策的成本分阶段引入大气污染控制技术 图5-1显示了1966-1995年大气污染控制装置的产值变化趋势。30年的大气污染控制装置累计产值（支出金额数）达到了约6．6万亿日元（以1990年价格换算）,其中除尘2．3万亿日元、烟气脱硫1．4万亿日元、重油脱硫880（3亿日元、烟气脱硝4400亿日元。     

离子液体在二氧化硫吸收中的应用

综述了离子液体在烟气脱硫方面的应用,比较了不同离子液体的吸收条件、吸收速率、吸收量和循环使用效能,分析了离子液体吸收SO2的机理。结果表明,胍盐类、醇胺类离子液体对SO2有良好的吸收性能,尤其是胍盐类离子液体在吸收和解吸SO2方面有着吸收率高、吸收速度快、吸收条件温和、吸收容量大、解吸完全、可多次循环使用等优点,在烟道气脱硫方面具有良好的工业应用前景。     

烟气脱硫技术的发展现状及趋势

控制燃煤发电厂及燃煤工业锅炉大气SO2污染,削减其SO2的排放量,对控制我国大气SO2污染具有举足轻重的影响。近几年来,我国SO2烟气治理方法逐渐增多且日趋成熟,其中,以氨法烟气脱硫技术为代表的自主知识产权的新型脱硫工艺,对于改善当前脱硫困境及推动我国脱硫事业可持续发展具有重要意义,大力推广应用此类技术是我国未来烟气脱硫的重要发展方向。     

倾情打造清洁电源

2008年6月16日,投资近3亿元、被列入天津市重点节能减排项目——天津国华盘山发电有限责任公司（简称国华盘电）2号机组脱硫系统顺利通过168小时试运行。经专家组检测鉴定,脱硫率达到95％以上,大大超过国家标准。在工期紧、任务重的情况下,国华盘电烟气脱硫系统比原计划提前6个月正式投入运营,创造了我国燃煤机组新增脱硫系统工期最短、质量最优的新纪录。     

江阴兴澄特钢热电厂钴炉烟气脱硫总结

工程概况 江阴兴澄特钢煤气综合利用热电厂2*240t/h钴炉烟气脱硫工程,由武汉都市环保工程技术股份有限公司总承包建设,全面负责工程的设计、设备材料采购及施工等工作,其中脱硫塔塔内件是杭州华纳环保科技有限公司专利技术,由该公司负责设计选型、产品制造和安装.工程从2005年3月开始设计,2006年3月18日建成并交付生产.工程建成投运后,经过江阴市环境监测站的监测,脱硫效率达到97.8%以上,烟气中SO2排放量降到23 mg/N m3以下,远远低于国家标准规定的排放浓度值(400mg/Nm3)和江阴地区的允许排放浓度(200mg/Nm3).     

Comparing FTTH access networks based on P2P and PMP fibre topologies

There is an ongoing discussion in the market which Next Generation Access (NGA) architecture best suits future needs and which investment and cost differences exist. The discussion can be subsumed as P2P vs. GPON, which is somewhat misleading as this article reveals. The discussion is driven by the fact that the high capital cost and the long asset life time of fibre mean that the technology choices made today will dominate the opportunities for telecommunication business of all market players, incumbents, competitors, content providers and business and residential users for many years in the future.The paper analyzes the cost and other differences between Fibre-to-the-Home (FTTH) access network architectures and their related different wholesale approaches by using the well-known and understood steady state approach applied in other NGA analyses in the past. In addition to the steady state analysis a dynamic cost evaluation is included taking into account the different investment behaviour of the FTTH architectures over time. The results describe investment and cost differences between architectures, incumbents and wholesale based competitive operators. The analysis has been performed for different geotypes (clusters) of decreasing population density in a representative European settlement structure.     

Indigenous peoples’ nutrition transition in a right to food perspective

In indigenous communities the nutrition transition characterized by a rapid westernization of diet and lifestyle is associated with rising prevalence of chronic disease. Field work and literature reviews from two different policy environments, Argentina (Jujuy) and Canada (Nunavut), identified factors that add to indigenous peoples’ disease risk. The analytical framework was the emerging human right to adequate food approach to policies and programmes. Indigenous peoples’ chronic disease risk tends to increase as a result of government policies that infringe on indigenous peoples’ livelihoods and territories, undermining their economic system, values and solidarity networks. Policies intended to increase food security, including food aid, may also fuel the nutrition transition. There is a need to explore further the connection between well-intended policies towards indigenous peoples and the development of chronic diseases, and to broaden the understanding of the role that different forms of discrimination play in the westernization of their lifestyles, values and food habits. Food policies that take due account of indigenous peoples’ human rights, including their right to enjoy their culture, may counteract the growth of chronic disease in these communities.     

A strategic skill based model of supplier integration and its effect on supply management performance

Supplier integration is a tool to help organizations gain competitive advantage. Strategic supply management skills and the supply management function's perceived status are hypothesized as antecedents to supplier integration leading to supply management performance. The sample for this study includes 152 executive level supply management professionals. The empirical results suggest that strategic skills and perceived status are essential antecedents to supplier integration and subsequent performance. Further, the relationship between strategic skills and performance is mediated by supplier integration. Results of a dominance analysis also suggest which strategic skills are most likely to explain status integration, and performance. These findings have significant implications for supply management theory and practice.     

Cost allocation of WCDMA and wholesale pricing for mVoIP and data services

This study estimates cost-based prices for wholesale voice and data services provided to 3G (WCDMA) MVNOs according to their distinct types. For estimation, 3G MVNOs are classified into different types, and the overall cost of WCDMA facilities are separated into voice and data components based on their subscriber rates, actual traffic rates, as well as efficiency consideration of traffic rates. The study then calculates cost-based wholesale prices of voice and data services for each of the 3G MVNO types. The result of this study shows that a cost-plus pricing scheme can help achieve the policy goals of the regulator, namely, lowering telecommunications tariffs and facilitating the introduction of new convergent-type services, far more effectively than the current retail-minus pricing scheme. The findings of this study may assist firms in developing business models based on 3G networks and telecom regulators in designing policies related to interconnection, mVoIP, prepaid calls, wholesale services, and network neutrality.     

Collectivism,individualism, and outgroup cooperation in a segmented China

A consistent theme in cross-cultural management research is that collectivists are more cooperative than individualists. We use Hofstede's measure for individualism–collectivism and combine it with an experimental measure of cooperation to test this relationship in China. In contrast to the established paradigm, we find that groups with higher individualistic scores are more cooperative than those groups with higher collectivistic scores. We attribute these results to groups being composed of outgroup members. In addition, we find that subjects from the more developed coastal area are more individualistic and cooperative than are subjects from inland China.

电子产品的电磁兼容性设计

首先介绍电磁兼容性的基本概念与研究领域,然后重点阐述电子产品的电磁兼容性设计与测量。     

SPYRO在烯烃原料生产方案测算中的应用

文章对SPYRO裂解模拟软件在石化企业烯烃生产原料优化方案测算中的应用进行了比较深度的概括分析.结合该软件在上海石化的实际应用,认为在劣质化原油加工份额不断增加的趋势下,SPYRO裂解模拟软件有助于石化企业在烯烃生产原料优化选择、生产计划合理安排、原油加工生产效益比较等方面为企业相关决策者提供有效地帮助.     

施工企业工程项目部的建设浅论

工程项目的一次性决定了工程项目部的一次性，而工程项目成本中心与企业利润中心地位又辱致工程项目部的临时性，在工程项目实践过程中，项目经理部的一次性在实现其功能的过程中可能会产生很多局限和负面影响，故项目部应具有相对的稳定性，在此基础上，本对工程项目部建设实践进行了初步总结并提出了建议。     

European consumer preferences for beef with nutrition and health claims: A multi-country investigation using discrete choice experiments

The European Union (EU) nutrition labelling policy aims to facilitate consumers’ food choice, stimulate innovation and facilitate the circulation of foods bearing claims across countries. However, the beef industry has not fully taken advantage of utilizing nutrition and health claims based on the EU nutrition labelling policy to differentiate beef products in the market. This study investigates consumer preferences for nutrition and health claims on lean beef steak. Two choice experiments were conducted among 2400 beef consumers in four EU countries (Belgium, France, the Netherlands, United and United Kingdom). Multinomial logit and error component models were estimated. Our results generally suggest that consumer valuation of nutritional and health claims varies across countries. In Belgium, the Netherlands and France, nutrition and health claims on saturated fat yielded higher utilities than claims on protein and/or iron, while the opposite was found among consumers in the UK. The results imply that marketing opportunities related to nutrition and health claims on beef are promising, but that different nutritional marketing strategies are necessary within different countries.     

Social media as a useful tool in food risk and benefit communication? A strategic orientation approach

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding the determinants of risk perception and in identifying the necessary components of effective food risk and benefit communication, this has not been matched with the development of efficient and appropriate communication tools. Little work has been done examining the implications of the explosion of new media and web technologies, which may offer potential for improving food risk and benefit communication. First, this study examines the views of stakeholders (n = 38) and experts (n = 33) in the food domain on the potential use of these emerging media for food risk/benefit communication. Based on in-depth interviews in six European countries (Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Spain and The Netherlands), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of social media in food risk and benefit communication were identified. Second, a Strategic Orientation Round (SOR) was used to evaluate the relative importance of the SWOT components according to stakeholders (n = 10) and experts (n = 13). Results show that both stakeholders and experts confirm a future role of social media in food risk and benefit communication. Strengths as speed, accessibility and interaction make social media an interesting tool in crisis communication or issue awareness raising. Weaknesses as the lack of a filter, low trust, the risk of information overload and a communication preference for traditional media are acknowledged.