FDI对东亚区域经济一体化的影响研究

文章通过使用1990～2008年度的数据,利用时间序列分析方法对东亚国家的FDI与区域内投资和贸易一体化的关系进行了详细的实证研究。研究结果表明:长期而言,在区域生产网络机制的作用下,FDI的流入将促进东亚区域内国家(地区)之间的贸易和投资流动,有利于推动东亚区域经济一体化。在当前东亚区域经济一体化进展缓慢的背景下,通过一系列激励措施吸引外资,是促进东亚区域经济一体化发展的不错选择。     

The free trade agreement between Mexico and the United States: Financing and investing considerations

Enactment of a free trade agreement between Mexico and the United States will probably increase trade between the two countries. Direct foreign investment and capital market transactions will play a critical role in financing the ever-growing mutual economic interdependence of the two countries. The sustained growth of the Mexican economy is a critical factor in a successful long-term trading relationship. To a certain extent, Mexico's economic health is dependent on U.S. investment in Mexico and in Mexican companies. This article examines certain investing and financing considerations regarding U.S. investment in Mexico. The intent of this study is to make individuals, on both sides of the border, aware of the financial environment in which they are operating. This, in turn, should enhance the opportunities for successful cross-border business activities. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The Impact of Trade Openness on Regional Inequality: The Cases of India and Brazil

Regional inequalities are large in India and Brazil and represent a development challenge. This article aims to determine whether regional inequalities are linked to a country's trade openness. An annual indicator of regional inequalities is constructed for India for the period 1980–2004 and for Brazil from 1985–2004. Results from time series regressions show that Brazil's trade openness contributes to a reduction in regional inequalities. The opposite result is found for India. India's trade openness is an important factor aggravating income inequality among Indian states. In both countries, inflows of foreign direct investment are found to increase regional inequalities.     

基于GMS合作的次区域合作均衡实证分析

GMS次区域合作依地缘政治、经济关系而建立,获得次区域范围内的经济利益和非经济领域的合作是其合作的主要收益。自1992年建立以来,GMS次区域合作在合作形式、机制建设、对外贸易、投资、国际大通道建设、公共卫生、生态环境、禁毒等方面取得了显著的成效,但是其合作程度仍然是相当低的。通过前期构建的次区域合作均衡模型对其进行实证研究得出了相同的结论,中国要发挥主导作用就必须加快实现产业转型。只有增加区域内产业互补性,并通过贸易和其他领域的合作增大彼此利益,朝着实现区域一体化的梦想才能实现。     

中国自贸区的经济增长效应评估--基于沪津闽粤自贸区的实证研究

为考察中国自贸区对地区经济增长的效应,结合1995~2018年省级面板数据,采用双重差分法实证评估了自贸区带来的经济增长效应,并在此基础上进一步用合成控制法检验了自贸区经济增长效应的地区异质性,研究发现:第一,自贸区对区域经济增长具有显著持续的推动作用,且设立时间越久,推动作用逐渐增强;第二,影响机制检验结果表明,自贸区主要是通过扩大贸易水平和吸引外商投资的方式促进经济增长,通过产业结构优化升级的途径还未得以充分发挥;第三,自贸区经济增长效应存在地区异质性,上海、广东、福建的自贸区对地区经济增长推动作用显著,天津自贸区的经济增长效应相对不明显。     

中国区域一体化协议发展的特点与战略研究

大国的经济外交时代已然到来，而外商直接投资在中国实现工业化和经济发展的过程中起着至关重要的作用。因此，应从中国自身的区域一体化协议的发展特点出发，将外商直接投资因素包含到制定区域经济一体化的战略过程中去，在此基础上研究并制定适合中国的区域一体化协议发展战略，主要是：有选择地开展与发达国家的区域一体化谈判，加强与西亚地区的区域经济合作和在区域一体化协议中重点突出服务业投资自由化。     

INTRA-INDUSTRY SPECIALIZATION AND THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT

This article provides a detailed examination of changes in indicators of intra-industry specialization in manufactured goods in trade between the United States and Mexico over the first five years of the North American Free Trade Agreement. The analysis is conducted at the three-digit SITC level of industry aggregation. Many industries experienced large increases in intraindustry trade (IIT). Only nine industries experience declines in IIT. Changes in various indicators of intra-industry specialization suggest few U.S. industries are candidates for significant adjustment problems. Industries facing potential adjustment pressures account for less than one-fourth of total U.S. imports from Mexico. These findings should lessen opposition to greater regional economic integration in the Western Hemisphere by easing fears that entire industries and jobs will disappear.     

中国-东盟区域经济一体化的产业转移效应

在区域经济一体化中,国际产业转移呈现出新的特点成员国的自愿性大大超过全球性的多边贸易体制;将安排更多的经济合作内容;促进成员国之间开展"产业内贸易";促进成员国之间开展"产业内投资".中国一东盟之间的区域经济一体化对产业转移的推动体现在经济资源配置进入更广阔的空间,贸易自由将推动投资自由,中国市场拓展有利于东盟的经济发展;区域经济一体化之下的产业转移给中国与东盟都带来发展效应.     

The political market for immigration restrictions: Model and test

This paper addresses the important question of whether public investment spending on economic infrastructure enhances economic growth in Mexico. It estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function that includes public infrastructure capital. Using cointegration analysis, the paper estimates a vector error correction model (VECM) for the 1995?–?99 period. The results suggest that there is a long-term stable relationship among the variables included in the VECM. The evidence also indicates that both public infrastructure spending and private capital formation have a positive and highly significant effect on the rate of output growth. Finally, the impulse response functions (IRF) and the variance decompositions (VDC) of the endogenous variables in the VECM suggest that the response of private capital to public infrastructure is positive while the reverse causation is not affirmed. From a policy standpoint, the findings call into question stabilization policies that disproportionately reduce public infrastructure to meet targeted reductions in the fiscal deficit (JEL, O1, O47, O54).     

ASEAN‐China Free Trade Area: A Bane or Boon for ASEAN Countries?

At the ASEAN Summit in November 2000, the leaders of ASEAN and China agreed to enhance economic cooperation and integration with the goal of establishing an ASEAN‐China Free Trade Area (FTA). This decision was a natural response to a number of important global and regional developments of the past decade. Since the signing of the framework agreement, policymakers from China and ASEAN member states have already started their negotiations on the specific terms and features for this proposed FTA. While such an FTA would hold the potential of yielding enormous economic benefits, it also causes some sense of apprehension and uncertainty in some quarters, due to the common perception that China is already a strong competitor in trade and attracting foreign investment. To examine the economic basis for such concern, this paper analyses the economic implications of this proposed free trade area from the ASEAN economies’ perspective. Specifically, it examines how competitive ASEAN countries are vis‐à‐vis China, evaluate the scope for strengthening China‐ASEAN trade and the impediments facing Chinese and ASEAN investors in each other's markets, and recommends policy measures to maximise the benefits and minimise the hardships resulting from an ASEAN‐China FTA.     

Spatial inequalities in UK GDP per head: The role of private and public services

This paper examines the impact of private and public services in generating spatial inequalities in GDP per head across UK sub-regions. The research utilises new data on public services available from Experimental Government Accounts. After reviewing the theoretical and empirical evidence concerning the spatial impact of services, an econometric model of the determinants of GDP per head is estimated. The results suggest that private services, public services and population structure have a significant influence on spatial inequality. For public services much of the impact is related to the strong concentration of such services in London. It is argued that spatial factors must be given explicit consideration in major public policy decisions if spatial inequalities are to be tackled.     

亚太经合组织方式面临的挑战及发展前景分析

作为全球最大的区域性经济合作组织,亚太经合组织(APEC)满足了亚太各成员体加强合作的要求,在许多领域取得了令人瞩目的进展,发挥了重大的历史作用。然而,它毕竟不是一种成熟的经济一体化模式,许多方面正面临着严峻的挑战。未来,APEC可能会沿着不同的方向发展,或发展成一个由松散到紧密关系的经济合作组织,或走向亚太自由贸易区,亦或以“探路者”方式推进APEC贸易投资自由化。在APEC的发展中,中国作为一个发展中大国,应发挥积极的作用。     

Solidarity,Entrepreneurship and Hard Times

Abstract

This paper examines the commercial relationship between Cuba and Mexico in the 1990s. Recent investment and trade are analyzed in the context of the diplomatic and commercial history which has developed between the two countries since the Cuban revolution. This study also considers factors that have led to a decrease of Mexican trade and investment in Cuba in the late 1990s.     

区域经贸与生态环境治理的实证研究——青岛市参与东亚合作的相关解释

区域经贸合作与生态环境协调发展是目前我国承接国际产业转移中的焦点问题。青岛作为东亚经贸合作代表性城市,其参与区域经贸合作过程关于生态环境的治理对于我国其他城市具有重要借鉴价值。通过实证考察区域经贸合作对青岛生态环境的影响,理性分析生态环境因素与青岛经贸可持续发展的经济学内涵,发现区域经贸合作与青岛生态环保是可以协调并相互促进的。研究青岛环保投资及生态治理的经验及存在问题,针对性地明确了青岛参与区域经贸合作的优化路径及政策建议。     

我国贸易投资一体化的实证研究

从规模、区域和行业三方面对我国出口贸易和对外直接投资进行了实证分析,结果表明,对外贸易和对外直接投资在规模上是相关的,但对外直接投资对对外贸易的促进作用不明显;贸易投资一体化因地区差异,表现出"互补"和"替代"两种区域特征;当前贸易投资一体化的行业相关程度不高。总体而言,我国贸易投资一体化尚处于初级阶段。     

Die NAFTA-Verhandlungen — Wohin steuert die US-Handelspolitik?

Since entering into force, NAFTA has contributed to major changes with regard to trade flows, supply chains and foreign investment among Canada, the US and Mexico. But nearly 30 years after the original negotiations, the need for modernisation is evident. A possible US exit from the agreement could lead to major turbulence in trade and investment relations within NAFTA. This article starts by looking at data showing the huge amount of trade and investment interdependencies. Next, it examines the objections being raised against NAFTA in the US and the reasons for this criticism, followed by an analysis of the goals the US is pursuing, set against the background of its reformulated, much more protectionist trade policy strategy. Finally, scenarios for an outcome are discussed.     

The changing place of fraud in seventeenth-century public debates about international trading corporations

Abstract

This article surveys the changing role of fraud (dishonest and immoral commercial practices) in public justifications for corporate management of overseas trade in England across the seventeenth century. It argues that the perceived likelihood of fraud in international commercial settings played a critical role in public justifications for trading corporations at the beginning of the seventeenth century. The article suggests that these justifications were challenged from the 1690s. It explores three aspects of this challenge: first, the ways in which agents of the East India Company convinced the Company to liberate private trade (an activity previously defined as fraudulent by the Company and the Courts); second, the arguments from the 1680s that depicted the joint-stock corporation as an unaccountable, soulless entity whose claim to public trust looked less credible; third, how decades of accumulated experience of international trading contexts (and interactions with non-European merchants) prompted pamphleteers to promote the possibility (and reality) of unregulated trade in those settings. All three helped to erode the former association between private individual trade in international contexts as likely to encourage dishonesty, immorality, and fraud. This change therefore led to the corporate body itself becoming a possible vehicle for fraud rather than the individual international merchant (who the corporation was meant originally to regulate). The article analyses public deliberations about fraud and corporations to make interventions in the history of economic thought, the history of trading companies, and the history of economic crime (and especially its rhetorical role in debates about the regulation of trade).     

North Atlantic trade and investment links: For internal and external openness

Proposals for transatlantic integration of any kind arouse strong interest because of the economic power of the potential partner countries. The following article attempts to assess the impact of a “free trade and investment area” and examines the costs and benefits involved. The author would like to thank Michael Finger (WTO), Ray Matalony and Obie Whichard (US Department of Commerce) for the kind provision of trade and investment data.     

中国-东盟区域经济深度一体化——制度环境与制度距离的视角

通过关税的不断减让,中国-东盟区域经济一体化取得了快速发展,但是伴随关税的持续降低,其对贸易的促进作用终究有限。后自贸区时代实现中国-东盟区域经济的深度一体化需要寻求新的突破口。基于一国制度环境及国家间的制度距离会对贸易成本尤其是交易成本产生影响的理论分析,以2002～2009年中国-东盟七国双边贸易的面板数据进行了实证检验。结果表明,制度环境及双边国家间的制度距离对中国-东盟七国间的贸易的确具有显著影响。当前各国间较大的商务制度环境差异意味着后自贸区时代通过加强国家间的双边合作和政策协调,以及自身市场化改革、转型,通过缩小国家间的制度距离进而促进区域经济向深度一体化迈进具有较大的空间。     

Brazil and Mexico—Partners in sowing a free trade area of the Americas

The second half of 2000 brought renewed interest to the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA). This hemispheric economic integration initiative presents numerous opportunities and challenges for each of the 34 countries involved in unifying markets across the Americas. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Mercosur, the region's two largest trading blocs, play a vital role in any attempt to integrate Latin American markets. Integration under Mercosur has strengthened the position of member countries—especially Brazil, which is a choice location for foreign direct investment and has realized a significant growth in extra‐Mercosur trade. The newly elected Mexican president, Vicente Fox, has demonstrated a strong desire to bring Mexico to the forefront of hemispheric trade negotiations and brings a new dynamic to integration of Latin American markets and to the FTAA initiative. This article elaborates on the role of the two largest Latin American economies and the United States in the creation and solidification of a hemispheric trading bloc in the Americas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.