业绩指标、公司特征与高管人员报酬——基于两类上市公司的比较分析

本文运用虚拟变量改变评价指标斜率的方法，来考察上市公司高管报酬与业绩指标、公司特征的关系。研究结果表明，在我国高管年度报酬中，包含着隐性长期激励的报酬形式；两类公司在确定高管人员报酬时，对两种业绩指标权重选择和保底收入确定上存在显著差异；对于高成长公司来说，当业绩较好时，会在股价指标上赋予较大的权重，当业绩较差时．会在会计指标上赋予较大的权重；公司所处地区对稳定成长公司的业绩指标权重有显著影响；公司未来成长性不同、国有股或流通股所占比例不同，以及公司股份中是否含有外资股，均不能够对业绩指标权重产生显著影响。     

高管人员报酬与业绩的敏感性——来自中国上市公司的证据

本文在考虑地区、行业、规模、企业成长性对高管人员薪酬影响的同时，以上市公司董事长和总经理2000－2001年度的现金报酬、总报酬以及两者的变化额4个报酬度量指标，对会计业绩度量、股东财富业绩度量、销售业绩度量、扣除非常项目后的净资产收益率和它们的变化水平以 及市场面平均会计业绩变量，进行回顾分析。结果发现：（1）不存在高管人员报酬与会计业绩度量有敏感性的证据。（2）存在高管人员总报酬及总报酬的变化额与股东财富业绩度量有敏感性的证据。（3）存在支持销售最大化假设的证据。（4）不存在董事会确定高管人员薪酬时会考虑其对会计数字操控的证据。（5）市场面平均会计业绩度量与高管人员的总报酬及现金报酬的变化相关，支持相对业绩度量。     

监督力与业绩共存于高管效用替代的机理分析

国企高管能够获得过度的控制权收益,这是我国特有的现象。通过构造包含业绩与监督力的高管效用函数,对包含监督力与业绩的高管效用替代机理进行分析,发现:在企业持续经营过程中,高管显性报酬对控制权收益具有替代的作用,并且该替代程度不同,激励的效果也有差异,较强的替代程度能导致较好的会计业绩;在替代过程中,对高管监督力的变化差异会导致替代程度的差异进而影响激励效果的差异,适度增强的监督力度将通过替代机理作用于激励效果,产生良好的会计业绩。建议我国国有企业在设计高管激励机制、以显性报酬替代控制权收益时,应充分重视和设计好监督力的变化幅度。     

股权结构、经营业绩与高管人员报酬的相关性研究——基于江苏高技术上市公司的实证分析

笔者运用江苏高技术上市公司的年报数据来综合考察股权结构、经营业绩与高管报酬之间的关系.结果表明:国有股比例与经营业绩呈现正方向影响,企业规模与经营业绩呈现负方向影响,净资产收益率和每股收益均与高管报酬呈现高度正相关,高管年度报酬与企业经营业绩、企业规模并不存在显著的正相关关系,与国有股比例的负相关程度也不显著.高技术企业应构建基于经营业绩的高管人员综合激励制度.     

盈余质量与会计业绩的报酬契约有用性的关系研究

会计基础指标和市场基础指标作为财务业绩评价指标,在薪酬契约中起到业绩评价和激励设计的作用。会计业绩指标的自身特点决定了其在经营业绩评价和经营者监督方面作用的发挥需要会计盈余可靠性、及时性、稳健性和持续性等质量特征的支持。评价和提高会计基础指标的质量对于提高会计业绩评价指标在报酬契约中的有用性具有现实意义。     

我国上市公司经理人激励的业绩基础选择性实证研究

以我国上市公司为样本对经理人激励的业绩基础选择问题进行了实证检验。研究发现目前我国上市公司经理人报酬契约只倚重会计业绩指标,而将市场业绩指标和相对业绩指标排除在报酬契约之外,这极易导致经理人行为的短期化,提高代理成本,降低上市公司的运作效率。因此,必须调整上市公司经理人的报酬结构,建立基于会计业绩的短期激励与基于市场业绩的长期激励相结合的经理人报酬激励机制。     

上市公司经营者报酬激励的实证分析--应用EVA指标评估企业业绩

本文旨在研究基于EVA的企业经营者业绩与报酬的关系。以往的以会计利润为衡量标准的企业经营者业绩评价存在较大的缺陷,EVA作为对其的替代,在业绩评价和管理激励方面的应用引起广泛关注。本文将EVA指标应用于我国上市公司中,主要考察我国企业经营者报酬激励强度的现状。以2002年度上市公司为研究对象,分析了企业经营者的年度报酬特点及其与ROE或EVA之间的相关性,并讨论了以EVA来衡量业绩时,国有股比例、总经理是否持股、总经理两职状态、地区差异因素对以EVA衡量业绩时的我国企业经营者报酬激励强度的影响。最后,本文提出了建立以EVA为基础的报酬激励模式的建议。     

高管报酬激励与企业绩效——来自中国上市公司的证据

本文利用我国上市公司高管人员报酬数据及财务数据,分析了上市公司高管人员的报酬现状及其报酬绩效联系.我们发现,上市公司高管报酬的变化与当年的会计绩效显著正相关,但与会计绩效的变化之间的关系不稳定,上市公司股东价值每增加100万元,高管平均报酬仅增加3.8元;上市公司市场异常收益率每增加10%,高管平均报酬增加1.58%.不同性质和规模的公司报酬绩效联系不同.     

经理报酬契约中的业绩评价：参照市场或行业加总业绩吗？

本文的理论模型分析发现，在经理报酬契约中赋予市场或行业参照业绩的权重为负值，也就是说，在对经理业绩评价时参照市场或行业加总业绩，可以完全或部分过滤掉契约中的市场噪音，改善经理的努力水平和提高契约激励效率。此外，本文实证研究发现，在我国上市公司总经理报酬契约中，对总经理业绩的评价会参照市场加权(和简单)平均净资产收益率，和一位数行业加权平均净资产收益率。并且发现样本的行业分布一定程度上会影响所得结论。     

高管薪酬与企业绩效的相关性——以信息技术行业上市公司为例

在对我国信息技术行业上市公司的高管薪酬和企业绩效进行描述性统计的基础上,采用多元线性回归模型,对样本公司的高管薪酬与其绩效的相关关系进行分析。研究结果表明:信息技术行业上市公司的高管薪酬与每股收益和净资产收益率两个财务指标显著正相关,与其他业绩指标不显著相关;在非财务指标中,高管薪酬与资产规模、高管持股、股权集中度、地区等非财务指标相关。这说明,虽然我国上市公司已建立起基于绩效评价的薪酬激励制度,但业绩评价指标过于单一,薪酬激励制度有待完善。     

国家信用体系的多维指数方法及实证研究

在国家信用体系的研究中,一直缺乏深入的、正式的国际比较实证研究。其原因之一就是缺少很好的描述国家信用体系的结构化方法。文章在Jentzsch研究的基础上试图将指数方法引入国家信用体系,提出了国家信用体系的“SCRR-E”四维生态概念模型,并在此基础上构建了一套描述国家信用体系的多维TT指数模型,利用世界银行对全球34个国家的调查数据进行实证研究,检验了TT效用型指数与Jentzsch研究中Fisher指数的一致性,结果表明指数方法有相当的稳健性和可靠性。     

Measuring the immeasurable — A survey of sustainability indices

Sustainability indices for countries provide a one-dimensional metric to valuate country-specific information on the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social conditions. At the policy level, they suggest an unambiguous yardstick against which a country's development can be measured and even a cross-country comparison can be performed. This article reviews the explanatory power of various sustainability indices applied in policy practice. We show that these indices fail to fulfill fundamental scientific requirements making them rather useless if not misleading with respect to policy advice.     

Unit-Consistent Poverty Indices

This paper characterizes unit-consistent poverty indices. The unit consistency axiom requires that poverty rankings (not poverty indices) remain unaffected when all incomes and the poverty lines are expressed in different measuring units. We consider two general frameworks of poverty measurement: the semi-individualistic framework that includes all decomposable indices and all rank-based indices; and the Dalton–Hagenaars framework that contains a subset of decomposable indices. Within the semi-individualistic framework, classes of unit-consistent poverty indices can be characterized for different value judgements about poverty measurement. Within the Dalton-Hagenaars framework, unit-consistent poverty indices are completely characterized without invoking any value judgement a priori. I thank Peter Lambert, Mike Hoy, Thesia Garner and an anonymous referee for their very helpful comments and suggestions.     

The inadequacy of cost of living indices based on subjective preferences: an ethical and methodological critique

In this paper we argue that there is scant justification for replacing the traditional fixed‐basket Laspeyres price index with so called ‘true cost of living indices’. We begin with a discussion of the possible explanations for some empirical results for inflation found for different social groups in Ireland in the late 1990s. Our arguments concerning appropriate inflation indices are primarily ethical and are not dependent on these results being interpreted in a non‐neoclassical vein. They do however gain extra force if one accepts non‐neoclassical explanations for the empirical results. We go on to draw conclusions as to how best to measure the welfare effects of changes in the price of goods. This links in to the broader debate regarding objective versus subjective measures of welfare.     

The subgroup decomposable intermediate indices of inequality

An inequality index is called subgroup decomposable if it can be expressed as a weighted sum of inequality values calculated for population subgroups plus inequality arising from differences among subgroup means. This paper derives the class of subgroup decomposable inequality indices that satisfies the Bossert–Pfingsten type intermediate inequality invariance. When the intermediate inequality equivalence concept coincides with the relative notion of inequality, the derived class becomes the Cowell–Shorrocks generalized entropy family. For comments and suggestions, we are grateful to Peter J. Lambert and two anonymous referees. We thank Chranjib Neogi for drawing the only figure of the paper.     

Inequality Perceptions,Distributional Norms,and Redistributive Preferences in East and West Germany

This paper analyzes differences in inequality perceptions, distributional norms, and redistributive preferences between East and West Germany. As expected, there are substantial differences with respect to all three of these measures. Surprisingly, however, differences in distributional norms are much smaller than differences with respect to inequality perceptions or redistributive preferences. Moreover, individuals from East Germany tend to be more supportive of state redistribution and progressive taxation and they are less likely to have a conservative political orientation. I finally show that a substantial part of these differences in political preferences can be explained by underlying differences in redistributive preferences.     

Modelling the dependence structures of Australian iTraxx CDS index

In contrast to market expectations, the correlation between credit default swap (CDS) spreads and their respective stock prices in Australia was found to be positive. The global financial crisis (GFC) affected the nonlinear association between the two asset classes with firms experiencing financial distress and stock prices plummeting. CDSs issuers reacted to such exogenous shocks by increasing their risk premiums on their spreads, reflecting the increased inherent risk. By splitting the data into pre- and post-GFC contexts and by employing the use of Archimedean copulas, we observe a negative co-movement in the post-GFC period. This finding is robust to several equity indices. Overall, such result is critical for investors engaging in arbitrageur activities.     

A comparison of six sampling schemes for price index construction in a COICOP food group

This article compares the behaviour of sampling techniques for price indices using a scanner data set as a model population. Indices produced by two purposive deterministic cut-off designs and four probabilistic sampling schemes are compared with each other and with the ‘true’ population index from the whole data set. We found that the two deterministic cut-off sampling schemes show much different behaviour from the probabilistic sampling schemes. This is not unexpected, as the former schemes have a very restricted focus with respect to the variety of products. We also found that the probabilistic schemes are generally closer to each other and the ‘true’ value than the deterministic cut-off designs. The jackknife resampling technique is also explored as a means of estimating the SE of the index and compared with the actual results from repeated sampling.     

北京市1998—2008年生态经济系统能值分析

北京是一个具有特殊研究指向的复杂生态经济系统。通过能值分析的研究方法,对北京市的能流、物流、信息流、货币流进行定量分析和衡量,评价各子系统在系统发展中的作用和地位,并通过综合分析上述各种生态流,得出一系列以能值为基础的综合指标,以定量分析北京生态经济系统的结构功能特征与生态经济效益,以及系统的可持续发展能力,提出了相应的对策建议,从而为绿色北京建设提供决策支持,这对北京高效、快速、可持续发展具有重要现实意义。     

我国信息通讯技术领域专利战略分析

对我国信息通讯技术（ICT）领域在1985-2006年期间的发明专利申请情况进行了分析,重点研究了在华知名跨国公司与国内企业在15个最主要的ICT子领域的发明专利申请情况,计算了主要ICT子领域对各企业的技术重要性、各企业在ICT子领域及整体领域的技术竞争指数、各企业在ICT子领域的技术比较优势指数等。研究结果揭示了我国ICT的重要技术创新和竞争子领域;在我国整体ICT领域的竞争指数最大的公司依次为三星、华为、松下等,而国内其他公司的竞争指数都较低;在各ICT子领域最具技术竞争力的公司几乎都是发明专利申请量最多的公司。研究进一步表明,并非所有公司都能在对其最具技术重要性的领域保持技术竞争优势。本土ICT企业要缩小与跨国公司的技术差距,必须重视对重要技术领域的选择并加大创新投入,实施专利战略,以保持自身在这些领域的相对技术比较优势。