我国开发区转型的机制与动力探析

开发区作为中国城市化的一种重要形式必将长期存在,向城市转型也是开发区发展的必然趋势。该文根据我国开发区的现状和存在的问题,提出了开发区转型的必要性,分析了开发区转型的内在机制与动力,试图寻求解决新途径,为开发区新一轮发展提供理论借鉴和参考。     

开发区发展的国际经验及对我国的启示

现阶段我国开发区发展过快过多,既引起开发区之间的恶性竞争,又造成社会资源的浪费和社会福利的损失,总体边际负效应已大于边际正效应。因此,对我国已有的各类开发区应结合开发区成功的基本要素,进行成本效益的分析和论证,重新审视其定位和发展模式,对不符合条件的开发区要果断的采取“关、停、并、转”等措施,以发挥开发区的功能,真正实现开发区在经济发展中的重要作用。     

新形势下开发区发展战略的调整

以2001年成功入世为标志,我国的对外开放进入了一个崭新的发展阶段。在开拓对外开放新局面的形势下,二十多年来在我国对外开放中扮演重要角色的各级各类开发区正面临新的发展环境。与此相适应,开发区的优势须作重新评估,开发区的功能须作相应转换,开发区的发展战略及措施也须进     

土地集约利用与开发区的可持续发展

开发区的建设和发展是我国改革开放的重要标志之一。但近年来一些地方擅自设立各类开发区,随意圈占大量耕地,严重损害了农民利益和国家利益。去年以来,国家进行了大规模的对土地和开发区的整顿。本文分析了整顿对开发区的影响,提出了推进开发区土地集约利用、实现开发区可持续发展的基本思路。     

基于要素演替的国家级开发区转型研究

从开发区发展动力要素的演替入手,利用43个国家级开发区的面板数据,对21世纪头10年我国开发区发展动力要素及其变化进行分析。结果表明:外向型经济依然是推动国家级开发区发展的强劲动力;固定资产投资也是国家级开发区发展的重要动力,但其重要性在逐步下降;劳动力数量和土地面积对开发区经济发展影响式微;区位和行政层级对开发区影响显著。根据面板分析结果,结合国家级开发区的实际,对我国开发区转型提出如下建议:强化开放功能,以深化开放推动转型;实施人才战略,以创新促进转型;分类指导,因地制宜地实现转型。     

开发区物流建设的现状及对策研究

物流业是我国新兴的生产性服务业中的一个重要组成部分,为推动我国经济发展起着不可忽视的重大作用.处于改革对外开放前沿的开发区,在经济全球化背景下,发展物流业具有重要意义.本文从我国开发区的实际出发,分析了现存的现状及问题,提出了推进物流产业发展的对策建议.     

经济开发区产业创新与转型时期的政策取向分析

国家级开发区已经历经了30年,经济开发区为促进我国区域经济的快速发展作出了重大贡献。当前,国家级经济技术开发区已基本顺利完成了一次创业,正开始步入进一步产业创新与转型的二次创业的关键时期,开发区的产业创新和产业转型,其政策因素十分重要,是事关开发区的未来发展命运的大事。因此,正确调整和把握开发区的政策,科学合理的调整产业布局,使开发区顺利实现转型,意义重大。     

对开发区管理体制的思考和建议——国家级经济技术开发区调研报告

我国经济技术开发区起源于1984年，是改革开放的标志性产物和重要成果。到2006年，全国共有国家级开发区54个（含5个工业园区）。经过20多年的发展，国家开发区的经济总量达到我国国内生产总值的4．49％，高新技术产品出口占全国的68％，．对我国的经济发展做出了重要贡献，     

我国开发区治理模式创新研究

我国开发区建设经过多年发展已进入二次创业的关键阶段。文章基于对我国开发区治理模式类型及特点的分析,深入剖析我国开发区治理模式面临的问题及原因,提出了我国开发区治理模式创新的对策建议。     

谈谈广州保税区的政策优势

继成功地创建特区、开发区之后,我国自1990年又开始陆续建立保税区。目前,全国已有13家保税区。可以说,特区、开发区、保税区是我国经济发展的不同阶段不同发展目标的产物,各自都发挥着重要的作用。目     

Quantifying the impact of financial development on economic development

How important is financial development for economic development? A costly state verification model of financial intermediation is presented to address this question. The model is calibrated to match facts about the U.S. economy, such as the intermediation spreads and the firm-size distributions for 1974 and 2004. It is then used to study the international data using cross-country interest-rate spreads and per-capita GDPs. The analysis suggests a country like Uganda could increase its output by 116 percent if it could adopt the world?s best practice in the financial sector. Still, this amounts to only 29 percent of the gap between Uganda?s potential and actual output.     

贸易发展与中国农村人力资源开发

本文从国际贸易模式的变化出发,结合其对我国劳动力收入差距的影响,分析了贸易与城乡收入差距变化之间的关系和由此带来的农村人力资源开发问题,并就解决农村人力资源开发的问题提出了政策建议.     

马克思可持续发展经济思想与人的全面发展

马克思经典著作及其理论中,包含着丰富的可持续发展经济思想及其与人的全面发展的关系.马克思不仅仅或主要是从阶级剥削角度揭露资本主义的暂时性,而更重要的是从人类社会可持续发展的角度,从人的发展的角度揭露和论证资本主义的危害性和暂时性,以及被新的合理社会形态(人与自然和谐发展,人得到全面发展的社会形态)所代替的必然性、合理性,使人类社会持续发展、使人和自然和谐发展共存,从而使人得到全面自由的发展,这才是马克思毕生所追求的.马克思理论占主导的应该是他的合理开发、利用保护自然资源,人和自然和谐共存、发展,人得到充分自由全面发展的可持续发展思想.     

Economic diversity, development capacity and sustainable development of China

China's economic growth over the past several decades has been among the highest in the world. It has been fueled by cheap fossil fuel energy so energy consumption has risen rapidly, but there are signs that negative feedbacks in the form of waste and inefficiency may affect future development. If energy throughput exceeds the capacity of the environment to process the inevitable waste from production then the development may not be sustainable. We calculate economic diversity using an energy flow network analysis method to explore the relationships of development policy, energy use, efficiency and sustainable development. China and its provinces are presented as a case study and the development status of each province in China is presented. China's development policy does not appear to be sustainable over the period 1985–1998 because of unsustainable energy consumption trends and declining economic diversity. An energy consumption tax is proposed for increasing diversity and dealing with increasing energy consumption in China.     

Rethinking economic development

I provide a summary, reflection and assessment of the current state of economic development in both the policy and academic worlds. In terms of development policy, currently, the primary focus is on policy interventions, namely, foreign aid, aimed at fixing the “deficiencies” of developing countries. Academic research also has a similar focus, except with an emphasis in rigorous evaluation of interventions to estimate causal effects. A standard set of versatile quantitative tools is used, e.g., experimental and quasi‐experimental methods, which can be easily applied in a range of settings to estimate the causal effects of policies, which are typically presumed to be similar across contexts. In this article, I take a step back and ask whether the current practices are the best that we can do. Are foreign aid and policy interventions the best options we have for poverty alleviation? What else can be done? Is our current research strategy, characterized by rigorous but a lack of context‐specific analysis, the best method of analysis? Is there a role for other research methods, for a deeper understanding of the local context and for more collaboration with local scholars?     

Death and development

Analyzing a variety of cross-national and sub-national data, we argue that high adult mortality reduces economic growth by shortening time horizons. Paying careful attention to the age pattern of mortality and to endogeneity issues, we find that a greater risk of death during the prime productive years is associated with higher levels of risky behavior, higher fertility, and lower investment in physical capital, even when controlling for infant mortality. In our regressions, adult mortality explains almost all of Africa’s growth tragedy. This analysis underscores grim forecasts of the long-run economic costs of the ongoing AIDS epidemic. Most of the work for this paper was completed prior to the tragic passing away of our dear friend and colleague John McMillan in March of 2007.     

Maximizing human development

The Human Development Index (HDI) is widely used as a measure of well‐being. We examine the allocations implied by the maximization of this index using a standard growth model. Maximization leads to consumption (excluding education and health expenditures) being pushed to minimal levels. It also leads to the overaccumulation of education and/or health capital and possibly physical capital, relative to the standard golden rule. We propose an alternative specification for the HDI, where consumption replaces income as a proxy for decent standard of living. Maximization of this alternative implies a ‘human development golden rule’ which balances consumption, education and health expenditure. We advocate the method of optimization subject to constraints for revealing the policy implications of taking an achievement measure and its underlying philosophy seriously.     

Trust and development

In this paper we examine linkages between social trust and economic development using, for the first time, a panel of data. We confirm earlier cross-sectional studies finding that trust is a significant factor in development and also show for the first time that trust significantly interacts with both investment in physical and human capital. We provide a robustness analysis of our results via a set of jackknife experiments on our main equations, and the trust coefficients and interactions are very tightly distributed, indicating that the results are not highly sample dependent. We also consider whether trust directly influences investment and find that in a panel framework it does not unless we allow for a trust–education interaction in the investment equation.