二元工业化与区域经济规划

实现城乡统筹发展,必须走二元工业化的发展道路,以工业化来带动乡村城市(镇)化。确立工业化是城市化的基本动力观,改革行政区划,发展农村工业。通过中央辖管省(区)和直辖市,省、自治区辖管市,市辖管区、镇、街办、居民户等,形成不同区位优势,为二元工业化和带动农村城市(镇)化发展奠定良好基础。     

二元结构转换中非城市化道路反思

从农业剩余劳动力转移的特点来分析,改革开放以来我国的二元结构转换,实际上是走了一条非城市化道路。农村工业的发展和“民工潮”的出现,转移了2亿左右的农业剩余劳动力,为加速二元结构转换做出了历史性贡献,但这条非城市化道路也引发了诸多矛盾与问题。要进一步推进我国二元结构转换,必须加速城市化进程,实现工业化、城市化和农业现代化相互促进、协调发展的良性循环。     

资源枯竭型城市劳动力转移问题研究——以甘肃省白银市为例

资源型城市主要是在资源开发以及由此形成的原材料工业基础上建立和发展起来的,它在中国工业化和城市化过程中占据着突出地位。资源枯竭型城市和其他城市相比：一方面,产业结构单一,经济增长点少,就业弹性小,吸纳劳动力能力弱;另一方面,既要承担深化改革、下岗分流而出现的大量富余劳动力,又要面对资源枯竭而出现的大量结构性失业。如何实现资源枯竭型城市的劳动力转移是我们必然要面临的挑战。以白银市为例,研究资源枯竭型城市劳动力转移问题。     

农村剩余劳动力转移的政策选择

农村人口随着工业化、城市化进程向非农产业和城镇集中是经济社会发展的客观规律。农村剩余劳动力转移是解决我国“三农”问题和统筹城乡发展必须迈过的坎,这就要求我们全面贯彻落实“科学发展观”,充分发挥政府职能作用,从提高农村劳动力素质、为进城劳动力提供帮助和支持入手     

中国二元经济结构及其发展中的矛盾与问题——二元工业化及二元经济结构问题研究之一

我国的国民经济具有典型的二元结构特征,经历了赶超型战略期的深化和发展战略调整与市场机制下的转换。目前城乡收入差距的扩大,城市化发展水平的滞后,劳动力转移的受阻,迫切需要我们加紧构建新的机制,以改变刘易斯二元经济结构理论的缺陷。     

我国城市化和工业化的非同步性原因浅析

城市化是生产力不断发展的结果．它同工业化一起推动经济发展重心从乡村转移到城市。我国现阶段的工业化率超过50％．而城市化率不到40％．这和城市化滞后的情况给整个国民经济的发展带来消极的影响。为此，我国必须大力加快城市化的进程，培育更多的“增长极”，以保持与工业化的协调发展，从而带动整个国民经济的持续、快速和健康发展。     

中国二元经济与农村富余劳动力转移就业——理论分析与政策选择

农村劳动力向非农产业和城镇转移就业，是中国从乡村型农业社会向城市型工业社会这一历史转型期最为突出的特征，是工业化和现代化发展的必然趋势。影响中国农村富余劳动力转移有制度因素、供给因素和经济因素，针对中国目前二元经济的特殊性，应强化对农村劳动力转移就业的组织推动工作，加快城镇化、农村工业化进程，健全农村劳动力培养培训机制，建立良好的劳务输出服务体制等，以引导农村富余劳动力平稳有序转移，促进城乡经济社会协调发展。     

新型工业化的基本特征与路径选择

新型工业化是加快实现工业化、现代化的战略抉择.新型工业化是信息化与工业化协调发展的工业化,是以提高经济效益和市场竞争力为目标的工业化,是人与自然环境和谐相处的工业化,是劳动力资源优势得到充分发挥的工业化.加快推进新型工业化,必须依靠新型行政管理体制推动、信息化带动、新型城市化拉动和产业集群牵动.     

新型工业化的基本特征与路径选择

新型工业化是加快实现工业化、现代化的战略抉择。新型工业化是信息化与工业化协调发展的工业化,是以提高经济效益和市场竞争力为目标的工业化,是人与自然环境和谐相处的工业化,是劳动力资源优势得到充分发挥的工业化。加快推进新型工业化,必须依靠新型行政管理体制推动、信息化带动、新型城市化拉动和产业集群牵动。     

新型工业化与城乡二元工业化的协调发展

由于我国严重的“二元经济结构”和“双重演进”的制度变迁特征,形成了农村工业化和城市工业化同时并存的城乡二元工业化格局。城乡二元工业化格局在促进经济发展的同时,也形成了对经济发展的延迟效应。在新型工业化的实现过程中,既要实现以信息化带动工业化,又要推进城乡工业的协调发展,促进农业工业化的发展,加速完成经典工业化的任务。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

Payment Systems in Countries in Transition

MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies -     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.