如何学习职场礼仪？

礼仪是获得他人好感和尊重的美好形象的基本要素。世界上最小的投资却能获得最大收益的事物就是礼仪。本书是为现代职场人士量身定做的礼仪读本。书中介绍了包括仪表礼仪、谈吐礼仪、社交礼仪、职场礼仪、生活礼仪等在内的诸多礼仪细节，这些都是人们在生活和工作中经常遇到的情境，紧贴生活实际，详细而实用。     

和谐社会视野的家庭礼仪教育

和谐社会离不开礼仪。加强礼仪教育,提高公民礼仪素质,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要途径。家庭礼仪教育是礼仪教育的基础,是公民礼仪素质形成和发展的关键。加强家庭礼仪教育,应该建构现代家庭礼仪文化,分阶段实施礼仪教育方案,区分教育内容和方式方法,延伸教育途径,形成教育合力,全过程全方位培养和提高公民礼仪素质。     

社区公民礼仪教育模式及其运行机制探析

公民礼仪教育是公民整体道德建设的重要组成部分,是维系亲情与友情关系、 引领社会风尚、 促进社会和谐的重要环节.从社区的角度开展公民礼仪教育是提升公民整体道德素质的重要路径,通过公民礼仪教育的基础要素,探索社区公民礼仪教育的模式和运行机制,把公民礼仪教育落到实处.     

回春妙手杏林珍攻克顽疾谱华章——哈医大一院神经外科四病房简介

哈医大一院神经外科四病房（前身为立体定向功能神经外科病房）成立于1996年,该学科主要从事立体定向功能神经外科及立体定向放射神经外科的疾病治疗,是国内成立较早的专科病房。主要进行①癫痫、帕金森病和痉挛性脑瘫的手术治疗;②三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛的开颅微血管减压手术治疗;③高血压脑出血定向置管引流术;④脑内病变活检术;     

对大学党建新模式的探讨

大学生党建是高校党建的重要组成部分.近几年,高校党建工作虽然取得了一些成绩,但也存在着一些不足.笔者针对党建工作的不足,尝试性地在党建工作中提出三维立体模式,三维立体的四个顶点分别是党性教育、党支部、党员之家和党务工作者,连接各个顶点的直线表示党建工作的栽体,而广大学生党员就是蕴藏在三维立体中的无数的点,这个交互式的三维立体使得各个顶点之间相互联系,相互作用,相辅相成,共同推动着高校党建工作的发展.     

礼仪教育与大学生素质

礼仪是一个人思想觉悟、道德修养、精神面貌和文化教养的综合反映。礼仪教育对培养文明有礼、道德高尚的高素质人才有着十分重要的意义。文章提出了提高大学生礼仪修养的途径 ,以此提高大学生的素质 ,促进校园和社会的精神文明建设。     

中国传统宴饮礼仪在现代食育中的应用

中国自古就是礼仪之邦,在生活的各个环节都有约定俗成的礼仪流程,而饮食礼仪在众多礼仪中尤为重要。传统的饮食礼仪不仅是为了饮食活动的顺利进行,同时还是等级、亲疏、仪式等多重体现。饮食礼仪是中国食育的一个重要组成部分。文章从传统宴会饮食礼俗的分析,找出其中与食育的相关点,为现代食育提供参考。     

从大学生的文明现状看高校的文明礼仪教育

礼仪是一个人思想觉悟、道德修养、精神面貌和文化教养的综合反映。礼貌用语是礼仪中重要的组成部分,很好的使用礼貌用语对成为一个文明有礼、道德高尚的高素质人才有着十分重要的意义。在全社会大力倡导素质教育的今天,加强文明礼仪的使用,提高大学生文明素养,已经成为高校道德建设和社会主义精神文明建设的重要组成部分。然而,大学生文明礼仪使用现状的确不容乐观。因此,必须在充分认识大学生礼仪教育与使用的重要性的前提下,通过制定礼仪规范,提高学生文化底蕴以及开展文化活动等方式加强大学生的礼仪素质。     

中国现场观众观赛礼仪缺失的原因及对策

通过文献资料法和专家访谈法探讨观赛礼仪及奥林匹克精神问题,分析中国现场观众观赛礼仪的现状,提出提高现场观众观赛礼仪的重要性。通过逻辑推理法分析目前中国现场观众观赛礼仪缺失的原因并提出相应的解决对策,从道德教育、体育审美教育、舆论导向等方面来约束和引导现场观众的观赛礼仪。最后提出建立与中国文化和环境相适应的观赛礼仪,源于西方的体育项目要融入中国传统的礼仪文化,使之具备中国文化的特点。     

高校大学生礼仪素养教育研究

本文对高校大学生礼仪素养教育的必要性、礼仪素养的内容和礼仪素养教育的开展策略展开研究与分析,为大学生礼仪素养教育的开展提供资料参考.     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

Forecasting the price of gold

This article seeks to evaluate the appropriateness of a variety of existing forecasting techniques (17 methods) at providing accurate and statistically significant forecasts for gold price. We report the results from the nine most competitive techniques. Special consideration is given to the ability of these techniques to provide forecasts which outperforms the random walk (RW) as we noticed that certain multivariate models (which included prices of silver, platinum, palladium and rhodium, besides gold) were also unable to outperform the RW in this case. Interestingly, the results show that none of the forecasting techniques are able to outperform the RW at horizons of 1 and 9 steps ahead, and on average, the exponential smoothing model is seen providing the best forecasts in terms of the lowest root mean squared error over the 24-month forecasting horizons. Moreover, we find that the univariate models used in this article are able to outperform the Bayesian autoregression and Bayesian vector autoregressive models, with exponential smoothing reporting statistically significant results in comparison with the former models, and classical autoregressive and the vector autoregressive models in most cases.     

Planned adaptation in risk regulation: An initial survey of US environmental, health, and safety regulation

In principle, we want regulatory programs to be based on current realities, as reflected for example in the best knowledge of relevant experts. That would imply that old rules now on the books should be consistent with today's knowledge base, not just what was known when a rule or standard was originally set. This paper reports on a survey of US programs, examining how often existing rules are actually updated in light of better knowledge, and identifies five programs that attempt to make policy routinely adaptive. These programs exhibit what we term Planned Adaptation: they both revise rules when relevant new knowledge appears, and take steps to produce such improved knowledge. While Planned Adaptation is rare, it is used in several nationally prominent programs, including air pollution, airplane safety, and drug safety. Planned Adaptation is a policy tool that deserves more attention.     

Interest on reserves and inflation

The payment of interest on reserves has been a common practice in inflationary economies. This policy may seem paradoxical since it involves returning part of the seigniorage, generated by the inflation process, with the intention to finance the fiscal deficit. This paper argues that the motivation for this policy can be captured by the discretionary regime, where the policymaker pays interest on reserves because he is concerned with the erosion of real liquidity by inflation, which is in part beyond his control. However, this policy is an unlikely outcome in the commitment regime, where the policymaker is in full control of inflation.     

The greenhouse effect: Damages,costs and abatement

The buildup of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — CO₂ in particular-appears to be having an adverse impact on the global climate. This paper briefly reviews current expectations with regard to physical and biological effects, their potential costs to society, and likely costs of abatement. For a worst case scenario it is impossible to assess, in economic terms, the full range of possible non-linear synergistic effects. In the most favorable (although not necessarily likely) case (of slow-paced climate change), however, it seems likely that the impacts are within the affordable range, at least in the industrialized countries of the world. In the third world the notion of affordability is of doubtful relevance, making the problem of quantitative evaluation almost impossible. We tentatively assess the lower limit of quantifiable climate-induced damages at $30 to $35 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, worldwide, with the major damages being concentrated in regions most adversely affected by sea-level rise. The non-quantifiable environmental damages are also significant and should by no means be disregarded.The costs and benefits of (1) reducing CFC use and (2) reducing fossil fuel consumption, as a means of abatement, are considered in some detail. This strategy has remarkably high indirect benefits in terms of reduced air pollution damage and even direct cost savings to consumers. The indirect benefits of reduced air pollution and its associated health and environmental effects from fossil-fuel combustion in the industrialized countries range from $20 to $60 per ton of CO₂ eliminated. In addition, there is good evidence that modest (e.g. 25%) reductions in CO₂ emissions may be achievable by the U.S. (and, by implication, for other countries) by a combination of increased energy efficiency and restructuring that would permit simultaneous direct economic benefits (savings) to energy consumers of the order of $50 per ton of CO₂ saved. A higher level of overall emissions reduction — possibly approaching 50% — could probably be achieved, at little or not net cost, by taking advantage of these savings.We suggest the use of taxes on fossil fuel extraction (or a carbon tax) as a reasonable way of inducing the structural changes that would be required to achieve significant reduction in energy use and CO₂ emissions. To minimize the economic burden (and create a political constituency in support of the approach) we suggest the substitution of resource-based taxes in general for other types of taxes (on labor, income, real estate, or trade) that are now the main sources of government revenue. While it is conceded that it would be difficult to calculate the optimal tax on extractive resources, we do not think this is a necessary prerequisite to policy-making. In fact, we note that the existing tax system has never been optimized according to theoretical principles, and is far from optimal by any reasonable criteria.During the academic year 1989–90 Dr. Ayres was at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.During the summer of 1989 Mr. Walter was a member of the Young Scientists' Summer Program at IIASA.     

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY: TRACING THE FLOW OF BASIC RESEARCH THROUGH MANUFACTURING AND TRADE

This paper describes flows of basic research through the US economy during the late 20th century. In addition, the paper studies the effect of the flows on scientific papers in industries and fields. This article differs from others in its use of measures of science rather than technology. Together, its results present a picture of the structure of basic research flows in a modern, science-intensive economy. Basic research flows are large within petrochemicals and drugs, and within software and communications. Flows of chemistry, physics, and engineering are common throughout all industries – biology and medicine are almost confined to petrochemicals and drugs; and computer science is nearly as restricted to software and communications. In general, basic research flows are more concentrated within scientific fields than within industries. Our findings concerning the production of scientific papers indicate that the effect of a 1% change in academic R&D spillovers significantly exceeds that of industrial spillovers. In addition, within-field effects exceed effects between-fields, while within- and between-industry effects are roughly equal. It follows that scientific fields limit basic research flows more than industries do, perhaps because large firms implicitly span a range of industries.     

Bayesian estimation of duration models: An application of the multiperiod probit model

The multiperiod probit model is presented and Bayesian estimation using the Gibbs sampler with data augmentation is described. As an empirical illustration, the multiperiod probit model is then used to estimate a duration model using employment duration data for the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Bayesian estimation with unobserved heterogeneity is shown to be a simple extension of estimation of a duration model with no unobserved heterogeneity. More importantly, perhaps, some numerical problems encountered by other authors using Maximum Likelihood are avoided.I would like to thank M. Baker, G. Koop, A. Melino and D. Poirier for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank M. Baker for providing his data.     

Scenarios and creativity: Thinking in new boxes

To be creative and make change happen, leaders must do more than simply ‘think outside the box’, as the traditional business manuals suggest, using the popular American expression. After all, the space outside the box is infinitely expansive. Moreover, there can be no guarantee that a solution to the problem will be found. The answer: ‘Think in new boxes.’ This requires developing the right new box; in other words, useful new models, a helpful new approach to a problem. That is the real art of practical creativity. This short article outlines the approach (Thinking in New Boxes) and its application to classic scenario planning with a few examples. The authors also present the ‘Expressway to Scenarios’, an approach that wins in impact and practicality what it loses in deep analysis, by having top executives involved in key steps.     

On the Role of Paradigms in Understanding Economic Globalization

Any adequate analysis of economic globalization necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization. This paper is based on the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to economic globalization is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views with respect to the nature and role of economic globalization which correspond to the four broad worldviews. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of economic globalization from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of economic globalization, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms.