私法与公法的协动形式

私法与公法的不断交融使得传统的公法私法二元论不断受到冲击。并非完全二元对立的私法与公法在法律规范层面存在不同种类的协动形式,私法公法协动论可以有效解释公法私法的新关系。私法与公法的协动既存在于利益层面,也存在于主体层面。利益层面的私法公法协动论主要包括公法规范和私法规范的重叠型适用、冲突调节型适用和协同型适用三类。重叠型适用主要出于保护特定利益的需要;冲突调节型适用则需要基于适当性、必要性和均衡性调节有冲突的利益关系;协同型适用本质是对利益的双重连续性衡量过程,可以分为差异化协同、竞合协同和组合协同等不同情况。而主体层面的私法公法协动论主要包括公私协动和私行政法等内容。     

公私法划分探微

公法与私法的划分是现代法秩序的基础,在适用领域、本质、法律地位、精神及其法律关系的内容上具有很大差异.本文将一方面从公法与私法的源头出发探究其自然法意义上的差异从而说明公私法相区分之必然,另一方面,从公法与私法互相完善与促进的关系出发辨证地诠释公私法并存之必要.     

试论公私法划分之必要性

公法与私法的划分自首次提出后经历了的几千年经济和社会的发展的考验,而今却遭到划分否定的评论。美国现实主义法学认为,公法与私法、私人自治与公共权力间没有明确的界限。私法背后具有公法因素,不存在纯粹的私法,故所谓公法私法划分只是一种幻想。笔者基于以上观点对比早期与现代国内外不同学者之理论视角,阐述了最早期乌尔比安公法与私法的划分理论,论述了公私法否定划分理论涌现的原因,然后从各角度批驳了否定论的观点,重点论述了公私法划分之必要性。论证了公私法划分成为社会发展的必要,对各国法律的发展都具有重大意义。     

对公私法划分的思考

公法与私法的划分理论经历了很长的历史，它一直是大陆法系国家公认的基本法律分类，当今，关于公私法的划分也出现了一些新的问题。本文从公法与私法的区别、公私法划分的意义以及公私法划分的危机几个方面来说明了公私法划分的必要性和可行性，以对公私法的划分理论进行思考。     

浅论公法与私法的互动关系——起始于对近代资本主义民法三大原则的修正

公法与私法的划分始于古罗马,而公法与私法的互动则始于资本主义进入垄断阶段以后的二十世纪初,其互动关系的典例就是资本主义国家对民法三大原则（所有权绝对、契约自由和过错责任）的修正。     

论日本国铁及其改革的法律调整模式与法人制度

将法律划分为公法和私法是罗马乌尔比安的首创。其后，这一划分又为6世纪查士丁尼的《法学阶梯》所确认。这种划分确立了公法和私法的职能分工及各自的调整范围，并形成了各自特有的规则。私法属于调整人身、财产和商品交换的领域，     

论和谐社会视域下公私法领域的原则

大陆法系国家普遍承认法律的公私法二分,并以此为基础构建自己的法律体系,法律原则自然包括公法原则和私法原则。和谐社会应该是一个法治社会,而法律原则为法律规则提供普遍价值根据,因此法律原则对和谐社会法治建设有着至关重要的作用。     

诚实信用原则在知识产权保护中的适用

<正>诚实信用原则作为现代民法的一项基本原则,反映在私法领域,不仅在合同法中得到普遍适用,在物权法、侵权法及商法中的作用也不断加强;反映在公法领域,在税法、行政法、刑法及诉讼法中也离不开诚实信     

非政府组织的法律性质研究——从公法与私法划分标准研究

非政府组织(以下简称NGO)在社会公共生活中发挥着重要作用,与此同时要求完善有关非政府组织的法律法规的呼声也越来越高。根据现行的公法、私法划分体系的相关学说,在对NGO法律的性质进行分析的过程中明确NGO法律的性质。     

浅析公法与私法的划分

美国的现实主义法学认为，公法与私法、私人自治与公共权力间没有明确的界限，对公法与私法的划分标准始终都存在着不同的意见，但这是由于社会关系及调整这种关系的法律规范的复杂性所导致的，我们并不能因为存在这种复杂性就否认这种划分标准的意义。     

English commercial bank liquidity, 1860-1913

This article presents new half-yearly time series for the asset ratios of commercial banks in England and Wales, 1860-1913. The series reveal new evidence on the nature of the banks' business and are, therefore, relevant to the debate on the role of banks in British economic development. The new estimates are used to examine trends and short-term changes in bank liquidity. Analysis is concerned with the changing stability of bank asset structure and with substitutability across different asset ratios. The main finding is of a sharp, long-term increase in liquidity and a concomitant decline in bank credit to the non-bank, private sector. The article also highlights the significance of short-term shocks to the trend increase in bank liquidity. The new findings are supportive of the argument that, over time, English banks became less involved with the non-bank private sector. In general, the results confirm that the English and Welsh bank asset structure became more liquid over time. However, no detailed breakdown of bank loans to the non-bank, private sector (for example, between business loans and personal loans), is available for this period. Moreover, the current study offers no evidence as to the trend in financial provision to the business sector from institutions other than the commercial banks. Nevertheless, the results are clear in showing a strong upward trend in commercial bank liquidity and a relative decline in private sector credit provision by the commercial banks.     

论劳动基准法中用人单位的惩罚性赔偿责任

劳动基准具有公私法交融的社会法品格,其义务主体为用人单位,其权利主体则有国家和劳动者。当用人单位违反劳动基准义务,不仅应承担对国家的公法中的责任,还应承担对劳动者的私法中的责任。为追求实质公平、建立正确的利益导向机制以及构建与劳动基准法相匹配的责任制度,有必要在劳动基准法中引入惩罚性赔偿制度     

关于农业保险改革的经济法思考

我国现行的商业性农业保险模式过于强调了私法自治,完全放弃了公法对农业保险市场的必要的适当的干预,未能处理好政府与市场在农业保险中的关系,片面强调市场机制的作用,忽视了农业保险作为公共产品的特殊性和市场机制本身的局限性.改革现行的农业保险模式,必须在立法和实践中贯彻经济法的理念、原则和方法,因为农业保险法本质上是经济法.     

Gibrat's law test on Brazilian commercial banks

In recent years, Brazil has been one of the countries with the biggest changes in the banking sector. The process of deregulation that began in 2002 has entailed the increase of the presence of foreign banking and the increase of competition, among other aspects. In this context, the objective of this study consists in contrasting Gibrat's Law in the Brazilian commercial banking during the period of 2002–2013 with the objective of contributing with evidence for the construction of a growth model for banking that will guide the financial policy of the country. For this, the quartile regression methodology is utilized, since we consider that it analyzes the relation between growth and the size of the entities more thoroughly than the empirical contrasts given by previous empirical evidence. The results obtained indicate that there is a non-linear relation in an inverted U form between growth and size in the Brazilian commercial banking. These results allow us to affirm that the relative dispersion of the sizes of the financial entities will tend to decrease in time and with this, the concentration of the sector.     

会计师事务所的内部治理:理论、原则及其对发展战略的含义

会计师事务所的内部治理是专业人士自主协调核心资源的过程,而品牌资源作为事务所的最核心资源,具有准公共物品属性(竞争性和非排他性),因此事务所内部治理是私人部门中出现的公共治理问题。相应地,本文引入了自主治理理论及其原则作为会计师事务所内部治理的理论基础和应用原则,并讨论了事务所内部治理原则对若干发展战略的含义。     

Jurisdiction concerning annex actions in the context of the insolvency and Brussels Ibis regulations

The legislation of the European Union has addressed the private international law aspects of civil and commercial matters and those of insolvency cases separately. While the Brussels Ibis Regulation (and its predecessors) focuses on “classic” civil of commercial cases, insolvency proceedings are subject to the (recast) Insolvency Regulation. However, the close interference between the two related areas of law—commercial and insolvency—results in a category of cases that are commercial and contentious in nature, and so they would tend to gravitate towards the Brussels regime, but yet they are so closely connected to the insolvency proceedings that justifies a special approach. This article focuses on the question of international jurisdiction regarding these “annex actions” in the context of the EU law. It will attempt to explore the historical roots of the current provisions and the evolution of both the European legislation and the relevant case law. The examination of this progression provides a better understanding of the current legislation and answers some questions apparently left open in the recast Insolvency Regulation.     

Drivers of Autonomy of Public Agencies in Italy

The creation of agencies has been and still is a widespread trend in the public sector: governments in many countries often establish semi‐autonomous single‐purpose organizations to carry out a wide range of functions and tasks. The trend to autonomization is problematic as it affects public sector's governance: several bodies operate partly autonomously from the core elective government, and are sometimes loosely coupled with their ‘parent’ administration. Consequently, analysing the drivers of agencies’ autonomy is a crucial issue for public management. This paper, in the light of some major contributions in organizational science, assumes that agencies’ autonomy is influenced by factors that affect post‐delegation relationships: agencies’ structure, culture and nature of the tasks executed. The study was aimed at testing a range of hypotheses about the autonomy of public agencies, using for this purpose the so‐far not investigated case of Italy–much in the spirit of the accumulation of knowledge in an area of public management. Results do not provide any strikingly counter‐intuitive finding, but a mix of confirmations and disconfirmations of previous findings that allow a finer‐grained analysis on the determinants of agency autonomy.     

The HM ‘Treasure's Island’: The Application of Accruals-based Accounting Standards in the UK Government

Since the 1990s, UK has been progressively adopting a governmental accounting reform purporting to interpret and mimic accounting standards and practices from the private sector. Since 2009, the UK set of accounting standards applicable to the whole of governmental entities is based upon the HM Treasury's official interpretation of the international accounting standards initially designed for commercial enterprises, the latter standards having extensively inspired the International Public Sector Accounting Standards. This article analyses some representational concerns raised by its application of a balance sheet accounting approach to the public administration, pointing to consolidation perimeter, current value measurement of assets and liabilities and the case of public–private partnerships. This theoretical analysis develops relevant implications for representation and control of public spending and borrowing in UK and in general.     

从法律的确定性看我国法律之难行

法律的确定性一直以来都是法学的基本问题。二十世纪二三十年代对法律确定性的大讨论更是进一步发展了这一理论,确定性成为了法律的一个基本特征。在我国,由于法的确定性程度不高,法律的实施受到了一定程度的阻碍。提高法律的确定性,是实现我国法制的确定性,走向依法治国的必由之路。