内部控制与异质机构持股的治理效应

本文实证检验了不同内部控制水平下,异质机构持股在抑制管理层盈余操纵方面的公司治理效应。研究发现,相比外地或短期机构持股,本地或长期机构持股更有助于提升应计质量和降低盈余噪音;当公司存在实质性内部控制缺陷时,本地或长期机构持股在抑制管理层盈余操纵方面的治理效应显著降低;相比国有控股,异质机构持股治理效应的发挥在非国有控股公司中受内部控制的影响更大;当公司存在财务报告实质性内控缺陷时,异质机构持股发挥的治理效应明显更弱。这些结果表明,异质机构持股治理效应的发挥离不开公司内部控制机制,二者之间是互补而非替代关系,这种互补关系主要由财务报告内部控制缺陷驱动。本研究有助于深化理解异质机构持股影响公司治理的具体作用机理,为实务界和监管机构改善公司治理、加强投资者保护提供经验参考。     

注意力驱动下的资产误定价——基于盈余质量视角的研究

本文基于行为金融学和信息不对称理论,以盈余质量的视角研究投资者注意力驱动下的资产误定价的具体表现和客观根源,结果表明,注意力驱动下的投资者交易使得股价呈现高估状态;盈余质量差是投资者注意力产生的重要客观原因之一,随着盈余质量的提高,注意力驱动下的股价高估程度明显减弱。进一步研究发现,盈余质量缓解投资者注意力对股价高估正向影响的作用在信息不对称程度高的上市公司表现得更加显著。该研究结论为多学科领域交叉研究资产误定价影响因素提供必要的理论依据,同时也为相关部门从盈余质量入手制定相关政策、缓解注意力驱动下的资产误定价,提供必要的实证证据,进而充分发挥资本市场资源配置功能,提升资本市场定价效率。     

管理层语调与权益资本成本——基于创业板上市公司业绩说明会的经验证据

管理层语调是否可以改善信息环境,保护投资者利益,提高资本市场资源配置效率是最近会计学、财务学和经济学领域研究的焦点问题之一。本文以2010-2015年创业板上市公司为样本,从文本信息视角实证检验管理层语调如何影响资本市场的定价效率,研究发现管理层语调具有定价功能,提高管理层净积极语调比例,能够降低权益资本成本;进一步发现会计信息质量越高,管理层语调的定价效率越显著;最后发现当管理层有动机操纵语调信息时,比如企业大股东减持、增持或者增发股票时,管理层语调与权益资本成本之间的关系显著弱化。该结论为完善上市公司的管理层语调行为、改善资本市场信息环境、提高资本市场资源配置效率提供经验证据、理论支持和政策建议。     

社会责任信息披露与资产误定价:基于分析师盈余预测的中介效应北大核心

以2010—2017年沪深两市A股上市公司数据为样本,实证检验了企业社会责任信息披露对资产误定价的影响。研究结果表明,随着上市公司社会责任信息披露质量的提高,资产误定价程度显著降低,在控制样本选择偏误后,该结论依然成立。进一步研究发现,分析师盈余预测活动在社会责任信息披露影响资产误定价的过程中发挥了部分中介效应。研究结论在证实社会责任信息披露能够提升股票市场定价效率的同时也丰富了分析师信息中介假说。     

并购商誉会影响企业资产误定价吗?

本文利用2007—2018年我国A股非金融上市公司数据,实证检验了并购商誉对企业资产误定价的影响.检验结果表明,并购商誉与资产误定价显著正相关,相比并购商誉中的合理商誉部分,超额商誉与资产误定价正相关关系更为显著;进一步分析显示,后期商誉减值会以加剧股价低估的形式推动资产误定价;机制检验表明,信息不对称和投资者情绪是并购商誉影响资产误定价的中介机制;调节效应表明,并购商誉与资产误定价正相关关系在非"四大"、分析师关注低和机构投资者持股比例低的分组中更加显著,进而论证了外部审计、分析师关注和机构投资者持股具有积极的治理效应.本文在丰富并购商誉相关研究的同时,也对降低资产误定价进而提高资本市场资源配置效率具有一定的理论和现实意义.     

提高会计信息可比性能抑制盈余管理吗?

本文研究中国上市公司会计信息可比性对管理层盈余管理行为的抑制作用。研究发现,虽然会计信息可比性的提高对应计盈余管理具有一定程度的抑制作用,但真实盈余管理现象随着会计信息可比性的提高而显著增加,表明会计信息可比性是管理层从应计盈余管理向真实盈余管理转变一个重要诱因。进一步研究发现,当管理层薪酬更高时,随着会计信息可比性的提高,应计盈余管理向真实盈余管理的转变越明显。但是在股权集中度较高、信息披露规范和监管环境趋紧的情况下,随着会计信息可比性提升,管理层实施真实盈余管理的上升势头在一定程度上受到了抑制。     

分析师对于盈余构成信息市场定价效率的影响分析

本文通过研究基于应计利润信息和分析师调整盈利预测信息构建组合的对冲收益,来分析市场对盈利构成信息的定价效率以及分析师在信息传导过程中的作用。研究发现,从整体样本来看,国内上市公司的应计利润并不会显著降低净利润的持续性,但是分析师能够有效识别那些因为极端应计利润而显著降低净利润持续性的公司,市场会在定价中对其发出的一致性信号做出反应。分析师提升了市场对应计利润信息的定价效率,但是信息反应速度较慢。     

媒体监督、管理层权力与盈余管理

本文以2015-2017年沪深A股上市公司为样本,深入分析管理层权力对盈余管理的影响,并进一步考察媒体监督在管理层权力对盈余管理的影响中发挥的调节作用。研究发现:第一,管理层权力对盈余管理程度有显著正向影响,即管理层权力越大,应计和真实盈余管理程度越高;第二,良好的媒介环境能够显著抑制管理层权力对盈余管理程度的影响,媒体监督具有公司治理作用。     

股权结构与上市公司应计和真实盈余管理行为

过高的股权集中度会导致显著更高的应计盈余操控行为,而对真实盈余管理行为的影响总体上不显著;无论对于应计盈余操控还是真实盈余操控,机构持股均具有较好的抑制作用;国有控股会导致显著更高的应计盈余操控,但在真实盈余操控方面,更多地体现在异常酌量费用方面;国有控股上市公司管理层持股越高,其应计盈余管理行为越显著,而在真实盈余管理行为方面,显著影响更多体现在异常现金流和异常生产成本方面.     

基于投资者有限注意的“应计异象”研究——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

本文在应计定价被高估的"应计异象"研究基础上,从投资者有限注意角度出发,将投资者分为高关注和低关注两类,实证检验两类投资者对应计定价的不同影响。实证研究发现,高关注投资者由于能够充分关注到包括应计和现金流在内的盈余组成部分,因而能够对应计作出较为合理的定价;相反,低关注投资者则对应计作出过高的定价。进一步的研究发现,在不同的市场态势下,高、低关注投资者对应计定价具有不同的表现:当市场处于牛市时,高关注投资者对应计进行了合理定价,而低关注投资者则存在对应计的高估;而熊市时,高关注投资者对应计作出偏低的定价,而低关注投资者则对应计作出了较为合理的定价。     

Analyst cash flow forecasts and pricing of accruals

This paper investigates how analyst cash flow forecasts affect investors' valuation of accounting accruals. We find that the strength of the accrual anomaly documented in Sloan (1996) is weaker for firms with analyst cash flow forecasts, after controlling for idiosyncratic risk, transaction costs and firm characteristics associated with the issuance of cash flow forecasts. We further show that this reduction in mispricing of accounting accruals is at least partially attributed to the improved ability of investors to price earnings manipulations imbedded in accruals. We investigate several non-mutually exclusive alternative explanations for this improvement in investors' ability and demonstrate that the increased investor attention and the improved accuracy of analyst earnings forecasts both contribute to the mitigation of the accrual anomaly.     

Do heterogeneous oil price shocks really have different effects on earnings management?

Under the modern corporate governance structure, there is a knowledge gap in how companies' financial reporting practices respond to oil price shocks in China. To fill this gap, we employ China's A-share listed companies and follow Kilian (2009) study to investigate how the three types of classical oil shocks affect corporate earnings management heterogeneously. We also consider the role of oil implied volatility in this relationship and further examine the possible heterogeneity between energy-related and non-energy-related subsamples. The empirical results show that there are variant effects among the heterogeneous oil price shocks on earnings management. Specifically, oil supply shocks stimulate firms to manipulate more accrual and real earnings, and firms are more likely to carry out accrual earnings management downward. Oil aggregate demand shocks weaken the degree of accrual earnings manipulation and mainly reduce the negative accrual earnings manipulation. Oil-specific demand shocks constrain the earnings management behavior of companies and improve their accounting quality. Besides, the increased uncertainty of oil price weakens the promotion effect of oil supply shocks on earnings manipulation, and the moderating effect occurs mainly in downward earnings management. Furthermore, the subsample estimated results reveal that oil price shocks do not affect the degree of accrual earnings management of energy-related companies. Instead, they impact the non-energy-related companies. Overall, our findings provide a series of targeted policy recommendations to mitigate the principal-agent problems and cope with energy price volatility risks.     

投资者关注与股价崩盘风险:抑制还是加剧?

本文以2010—2017年中国A股上市公司为样本,考察了投资者关注影响股价崩盘风险的客观表现和传导路径。研究发现,投资者关注度的提高会显著加剧下一期的股价崩盘风险,存在“关注度的崩盘效应”;分组检验发现,关注度的崩盘效应仅在机构持股比例低的公司和市场处于牛市状态下存在;路径检验发现,投资者关注不存在信息路径,没有改善公司信息透明度,但存在部分的情绪路径,提高了股价同步性和投资者情绪,从而加剧了股价崩盘风险。建议监管部门重视投资者关注对股价带来的冲击,通过进一步提高机构者持股比例,缓解情绪过热导致的定价错误程度,降低股价崩盘风险。     

The Real and Accrual-based Earnings Management Behaviors: Evidence from the Split Share Structure Reform in China

This paper investigates the earnings management activities in Chinese listed firms and the impact of the split share structure reform (SSSREF). We demonstrate that Chinese listed firms exhibited a long-term positive relationship between real and accrual-based earnings management activities over the 2002–2011 period. This reflects the environment of weak investor protection and lack of effective corporate governance in China. Our results also indicate that the SSSREF in China has not fundamentally improved firms' quality of financial information. This may be because ownership concentration remains high. However, it is of interest that the reform has created an incentive alignment effect exogenously. We find that firms' use of discretionary accruals was constrained, and they have consequently shifted to less detectable and under-scrutinized real earnings activities after the reform. This shift is similar to that seen with the direct regulatory changes in accounting reporting rules on firms' earnings behaviors in developed countries where the investor protection environment is strong. We suggest that firms' shifting between the accrual and real-based earnings methods is an overlooked area for investors to consider in the emerging market context, and may require the attention of regulators.     

An integrated analysis of the association between accrual disclosure and the abnormal accrual anomaly

We find no evidence of accrual mispricing for firms that disclose accrual information at earnings announcements. For these firms, the market differentiates the discretionary from the nondiscretionary components of the earnings surprise. In contrast, the market fails to distinguish between the discretionary and the nondiscretionary components of the earnings surprise for firms that do not disclose accrual information at earnings announcements. These firms experience some stock price correction around the filing date. However, the correction is only partial, resulting in a post-filing drift.

Do external labour market incentives constrain bad news hoarding? The CEO's industry tournament and crash risk reduction

We find that a CEO's industry tournament incentives (CITI) induce a CEO to undertake strategies that reduce the propensity of a firm to incur future stock price crash risk. CITI also has a mitigating effect on accounting techniques (such as, accrual manipulation, real earnings management, and financial restatement) used as channels for obfuscation and, therefore, is associated with a lower tendency to withhold bad news. CITI is more effective in reducing crash risk propensity when there is lower information quality and weaker external monitoring. Results are robust to firm governance controls, gender monitoring, and the specific personal attributes of CEOs. In short, CITI imposes on CEOs an incentive to brand themselves according to sustained visibility concepts.     

The impact of accounting information quality on the mispricing of accruals: The case of FRS3 in the UK

We exploit a unique setting of accounting regulation change to examine how accounting information quality affects the well-documented accrual anomaly. We show a significant reduction in the negative return predictability of accruals among UK companies with poorer accounting information quality following the introduction of Financial Reporting Standard No. 3: Reporting Financial Performance (FRS3). While the functional fixation hypothesis attributes the mispricing of accruals to the judgemental error of end-users of information, our findings suggest that the supply side of information also plays a crucial role. Our results provide evidence that regulatory interventions seeking to improve accounting information quality can reduce the mispricing of securities in the capital market.     

Industry contagion effects of internal control material weakness disclosures

This study examines whether there is an industry contagion effect for negative market reactions to internal control material weakness (ICMW) disclosures. From a sample of companies experiencing market share price declines to disclosures of ICMW over the years 2005–2014, results indicate that peer industry companies also experience market share price declines. We also find that the decline in share prices is related to accounting quality in that peer industry companies with higher accrual, relative to cash flow, components of earnings have larger negative market reaction compared to companies with lower accrual components of earnings. Our study contributes to the literature streams examining accounting information transfer and internal control quality.Data availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the paper.     

Opening price manipulation and its value influences

We investigate how opening price manipulation influences market behaviors and investors' returns. Analyzing direct evidence comprising 87 opening price manipulation cases, and indirect evidence consisting of 19,003 suspected cases detected by an opening price manipulation identification model that we construct, we examine the impact of manipulation on mispricing, investors' welfare, trading activity and price volatility. Our results indicate that manipulated stocks experience significantly lower returns and a higher probability of price reversal after manipulation. Investors who purchase manipulated stocks at their opening price, or the volume-weighted average price, on the manipulation day make losses on their investments. Further, manipulation increases market trading activity and price volatility due to the influx of retail investors. Our additional analysis demonstrates that enhancing the intensity of external supervision and internal governance can mitigate mispricing caused by opening price manipulation. Our study provides novel evidence of the economic consequences of open market manipulation and policy implications for governments and regulators to develop effective supervisory processes to reduce manipulation and mitigate its impact on efficient markets.