国际证券市场交易前透明度与信息揭示制度研究

交易信息揭示制度是反映证券市场透明度的重要内容。世界各大交易所由于存在技术、经济政治文化等差别,从而其在交易信息揭示种类、数量和程度方面有着重大的区别。本文首先分别考察了采取指令驱动市场、做市商市场以及混合市场的交易制度,并总结了目前世界各主要证券交易所的信息揭示制度。在此基础上结合我国深圳证券交易所于2009年12月15日开始对机构投资者提供商业level-2行情数据这一事件,分析了交易信息揭示制度变革与市场透明度的发展趋势。得出我国证券市场可从国外做市商制度市场上得到的启示。     

证券交易的透明度与信息揭示制度：理论综述

证券交易过程中，交易信息的发布、扩散和传递方式对于各类市场参与者非常重要。目前关于信息揭示制度和交易透明度对市场运行效果的影响尚存在许多争议。本文讨论了交易透明度的含义、研究者和市场机构对于交易透明度的争论、交易透明度与市场绩效的关系，以及不同交易透明性的市场之间的竞争等问题，系统总结了目前与证券交易透明度和交易信息揭示有关的理论观点，以期把握交易信息揭示程度对市场产生的影响，以及由此引起的交易透明度对市场的运行效率产生的影响。     

基于反操纵的证券交易信息披露制度分析

本文从基于反操纵的证券交易信息披露角度出发,分析了市场透明度理论与实证研究成果,对交易所交易信息披露制度进行了国际比较,并针对我国当前两个交易所的市场透明度现状,提出应当在广泛借鉴国际经验的基础上,进一步完善我国证券交易信息披露对象、内容和渠道的建议。     

沪深两市开盘信息披露方式的创新探讨

交易信息披露方式作为证券市场交易制度内容之一，影响着市场透明度，有利于强化市场价格发现机能，提高市场效率，改进市场监督作业，对交易所而言，最佳市场透明度必须是在一定的制度、市场结构与政策环境下，估量不同市场参与者相互抵触利利益的比重，对市场公平性、流动性、稳定性、有效性、竞争性统一进行考量并取舍，以寻求平衡，于是本文借鉴国际经验，仅就沪深两市的开盘信息披露现状进行有关探讨。     

中小板IPO抑价与首日过度炒作的思考

发行和交易的监管职能分别由证监会和交易所承担，导致发行制度和交易制度改革的相对割裂。对新股上市首日过度炒作这个既涉及到发行制度又涉及到交易制度的问题，已经不能单从发行制度、发行安排等方面寻找解决之道。在发行制度方面已经实现询价这一较为市场化的定价机制和集中发行、集中上市的发行安排的基础上，改革上市首日交易制度，控制开盘价格水平并实施首日涨跌幅限制，通过首日交易制度与非首日交易制度的合理衔接，促进一级市场和二级市场的平稳对接，可能是解决上市首日过度炒作问题的关键所在。[第一段]     

全国性票据市场建设方案与路径研究

加快建设全国性票据市场有利于缓解中小企业融资难、完善货币市场和改进金融调控机制等。中国票据市场业已在市场规模、电子票据和经营机制等方面具备基础条件。目前亟须解决票据法律制度滞后、交易规模较小与品种单一、缺乏票据信用评估和做市商制度等问题,进而完善票据市场基础法律制度框架,构建服务全国性票据市场运作模式的票据交易所和清算所,丰富票据交易品种,有序发展融资性票据,健全票据市场统一规范监管框架,完善电子商业汇票系统的交易与综合服务功能,完善电子票据安全制度,实施监管整合,建立监管信息共享机制和票据风险联防网络。     

世界衍生产品交易所的发展趋势

近年来,衍生品市场成为全球金融业发展最快的市场。衍生品交易所在实行电子化交易、不断提供新的产品组合方面进展迅速，同时交易所之间开始加速整合和全球化。中央对手方清算在交易所市场和场外市场上均取得了越来越广泛的应用。此外，新的基于因特网的市场也越来越对衍生品交易所的发展趋势产生影响。     

海外证券市场动态

(2012年4月)4.2新交所正式启动双币交易。4月2日,和记港口控股信托(HPHT)开始以美元和新元两种货币报价交易,成为新加坡交易所第一只采用双币交易的证券。4.4德国交易所整顿创业板市场提高透明度。4月4日,德国交易所表示,决定于今年12月关闭创业板市场的First Quotation Board板块;同时于2012年7月起收紧创业板另一板块(Entry Standard市场)的要求,以改善市场整体     

公开交易能缓解国有银行的道德风险吗

商业银行特殊性理论表明,较低的透明度使银行风险资产具有较大模糊性。这使银行债权人和股东面临着更为严重的道德风险问题。公开交易的信息揭示功能可缓解信息不对称问题。伴随着银行公开交易而产生的控制权市场和经理人市场对银行经理所造成的竞争压力亦可缓解道德风险;它也为银行设计股票和股权等绩效状态依存的长期激励机制提供了方便。为进一步发挥公开交易的约束功能,需要完善透明度监管,建立控制权市场和经理人市场。     

论证券市场的报价驱动和指令驱动制度

依据流动性提供方式，证券交易制度分为报价驱动型和指令驱动型两种。两种制度在流动性、透明度、稳定性、有效性以及交易成本方面存在差异。结合我国交易制度的现状，我国交易制度的设计，在交易制度选择上，应该以一种方式为主，多种方式为辅，发挥不同交易方式的综合优势，推动市场的全面发展。     

Stock Exchange Disclosure and Market Development: An Analysis of 50 International Exchanges

This study examines associations between measures of stock exchange disclosure and market development at 50 of the member stock exchanges of the World Federation of Exchanges. We focus on stock exchange disclosure systems (rather than actual company disclosures) because this approach links stock exchange policy with desired outcomes related to market development (such as liquidity, trading activity, and market size relative to gross domestic product). We find strong support for the hypothesis that the strength of the disclosure system (disclosure rules, monitoring, and enforcement) is positively associated with market development, after controlling for legal system, legal protection of investors, market size, and several other potentially relevant explanatory variables.     

政府债券市场流动性研究

政府债务管理的关键是建立具有高流动性的二级市场。影响政府债券市场流动性的因素包括产品设计、市场结构、交易机制、信息披露和税收等问题。提高市场流动性的途径包括交易的竞争性结构，将税收对流动性的负面影响最小化，提高交易信息的透明度，标准化交易和清算操作，市场参与者的多元化，确定核心资产，满足基准债的市场需求，完善回购市场和衍生工具市场的功能，培育机构投资者，充分的市场监管等。     

Effect of ownership,governance, and transparency on liquidity – Chilean evidence

Companies with relatively thin trading, a high concentration of insider ownership, and a privatized pension system characterize Chile’s Santiago Stock Exchange. Within this setting, we study the relationship between ownership concentration, corporate governance, and stock market liquidity. Our results suggest that board independence, corporate disclosure and outside monitoring by institutions help moderate the effects that insiders have on trading costs and liquidity. We also find that market makers with inventory reduce the informational component of trading costs. Finally, the trades of insiders provide price guidance to market makers, while traders employ a follow-the-insider strategy when transparency is low.     

Trade Disclosure,Information Learning and Securities Market Performance

In this paper we examine the effect of information disclosure on securities market performance when liquidity traders are able to acquire information about inside trading. We show that the bid-ask spread increases with the liquidity trader's learning efficiency, which is greater when trade information is disclosed. The bid-ask spread is always higher when trade information is not disclosed. However, the discrepancy between the bid-ask spreads with and without information disclosure narrows when the learning efficiency increases. We also show that the gains of the informed traders in a market without trade information disclosure are reduced in the presence of the liquidity trader's learning. Nevertheless, liquidity traders do not necessarily benefit from increased transparency. In particular, liquidity traders may face higher trading costs.     

The price discovery of day trading activities in futures market

Access to information is necessary for market transparency. However, contrary to trading volume and open interest, information related to day trading activities is rarely available. By incorporating unexplored day trading volume in the literature, this paper demonstrates that both the expected open interest and expected day trading volume are consistently and positively correlated with returns, but that one-lagged day trading volume is negatively correlated with futures returns. Meanwhile, both expected and unexpected day trading volume are negatively correlated with volatility, suggesting that arbitrage activities related to unexpected day trading volume may accelerate the movement of futures prices to a new equilibrium. Moreover, open interest provides liquidity but increases volatility. Finally, we strongly suggest that day trading transaction information be released by futures exchanges to achieve greater transparency.     

Trade disclosure regulation in markets with negotiated trades

In dealership markets disclosure of size and price of detailsof public trades is typically incomplete. We examine whetherfull and prompt disclosure of public-trade details improvesthe welfare of a risk-averse investor. We analyze a model ofdealership market where a market maker first executes a publictrade and then offsets her position by trading with other marketmakers. We distinguish between quantity risk and price revisionrisk. We show that if the market maker learns some informationabout the motive behind public trade, neither regime is unambiguouslywelfare superior. This is because greater transparency improvesquantity risk sharing but worsens price revision risk sharing.     

Anatomy of a regulatory race to the top: Changes in delisting rules at Korea's two stock exchanges, 1999–2002

One dimension of competition among stock exchanges is the quality of products they have to offer. In order to attract listings and trading volume, exchanges can affect the quality of their listed firms by altering their standards for firm disclosure and governance. We identify a competition with respect to delisting standards between Korea's two stock exchanges and show that it complies with the three components of a regulatory race to the top: external trigger, mobility among diverse regimes and meaningful changes that converge to similar rules. The race between the two Korean exchanges ended with stricter rules and better protected minority shareholders. The race also ended, however, with neither exchange gaining market share with respect to trading volume or new listings. Korea's experience, therefore, suggests a reason why these races are rare. In the absence of an external trigger, exchanges will be reluctant to enter a race if they think it will result in rule convergence and no winner.     

公司信息透明度的市场效应——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

目前在中国市场,信息披露质量是较数量更为有效的衡量公司信息透明度的方面。基于信息披露质量,我们分别以深交所上市公司考评中不及格和优秀等级的公司、沪深违规信忠披露公司及其配对公司作为两组研究样本,同时全面考察公司的信息透明度对投资者交易行为的影响以及相应的市场效应。两组样本检验结果一致表明,低透明度和严重的信息不对称是某些知情者诈取广大不知情的中小投资者利益的温床,并扭曲了资本市场的原有功能;从2001年至2004年,尽管公司信息透明度对大量中小投资者的股票选择没有显著影响,但其的确也帮助了投资者对所选择的股票进行定价。健全法律制度、培育理性投资者与信息中介、提高公司信息透明度,是促进市场有效的根本。