提升经济增加值的思考

经济增加值（EVA）是衡量银行经营管理业绩的一个重要指标，是建设银行总行2005年分配绩效工资性费用的唯一依据。为了努力把建设银行建设成最具有价值创造力的银行，总行将不断完善以经济资本为核心的风险和效益约束机制，深入推进以经济增加值为核心的绩效考评和激励约束机制。因此，研究如何提升价值创造力，增加经济增加值，是摆在我们面前一个非常重要的现实问题。     

NEVA与企业激励机制

一、净经济增加值NEVA指标净经济增加值NEVA指标是在修正的经济增加值REVA的基础上考虑了企业人力资本成本的因素。经济增加值EVA的理论渊源是诺贝尔奖经济学家默顿·米勒和弗兰科·莫迪利亚尼1958年至1961年关于公司价值的经济模型的一系列论文。SternStewart公司于1991年正式     

上市银行EVA与风险调整绩效指标模拟测算与分析

银行作为经营货币、经营风险的企业,已经从利润管理走向风险与价值驱动型的管理.在此模式下,EVA和风险调整绩效指标克服了净利润、股东权益回报率等传统的绩效度量指标的缺陷,成为风险与价值的衡量指标.银行以风险计量配置经济资本,并以经济资本为基础计算EVA与风险调整绩效的管理模式成为银行风险与价值驱动型管理的最佳选择.企业的价值等于未来各期EVA的折现值加上期初投入的资本.以上市银行公开年报数据为基础对国内主要上市银行的EVA以及风险调整绩效指标进行模拟测算,在测算结果的基础上进行分析,进一步印证了银行价值与EVA比银行价值与ROE具有更明显的相关性.     

EVA与传统财务分析指标的比较

EVA即经济增加值,通过经济增加值我们可以计算企业的真正价值,作为一种全新的财务指标,经济增加值拥有其独特的优势,但是在企业应用经济增加值时仍存在一些缺点。文章把EVA与传统财务分析指标进行比较,得出二者的不同之处和EVA的不足之处,再提出EVA应用的建议,以期望为其他企业运用EVA指标提供借鉴和帮助。     

上市银行EVA与风险调整绩效指标模拟测算与分析

银行作为经营货币、经营风险的企业，已经从利润管理走向风险与价值驱动型的管理。在此模式下，EVA和风险调整绩效指标克服了净利润、股东权益回报率等传统的绩效度量指标的缺陷，成为风险与价值的衡量指标。银行以风险计量配置经济资本，并以经济资本为基础计算EVA与风险调整绩效的管理模式成为银行风险与价值驱动型管理的最佳选择。企业的价值等于未来各期EVA的折现值加上期初投入的资本。以上市银行公开年报数据为基础对国内主要上市银行的EVA以及风险调整绩效指标进行模拟测算，在测算结果的基础上进行分析，进一步印证了银行价值与EVA比银行价值与ROE具有更明显的相关性。     

我国上市商业银行业绩评价理论与实证研究——基于经济增加值与主成分分析法交叉视角

本文运用我16家上市银行的相关数据,从经济增加值与主成分分析法交叉视角角度评价我国商业银行业绩,采用经济增加值(EVA)衡量商业银行盈利性水平;在此基础上,根据商业银行经营管理的盈利性、安全性、成长性、流动性四原则,采用主成分分析法衡量其综合业绩。最后得出:四大商业银行的经济增加值大于其他上市股份制银行,但其综合业绩低于其他上市股份值银行;商业银行在新时代经济、金融大背景下,要通过实行战略转型,提高金融创新等提升其风险抵御能力和综合业绩。     

新资本协议内评法下RAROC与EVA的经济涵义探析

风险调整后的资本收益率(RAROC)和经济增加值(EVA),诠释了风险、资本与收益三者之间的关系,是现代商业银行风险管理的两个重要指标,也是新资本协议内部评级应用的重要指标。通过其在银行各业务条线和管理领域的应用,可有效传导银行风险偏好,实现银行股东价值的增加,促进银行稳健经营和可持续发展。     

中国商业银行治理机制有效性的实证分析

本文利用全国52家商业银行2007年和2008年的年报作为数据来源,对我国商业银行的公司治理机制及其有效性进行了实证分析.研究发现,集中型股权结构显著地降低了银行绩效ROA、ROE,增加了银行的风险,但对EVA没有显著影响.职工监事数量的增加明显提高银行绩效,降低风险,提高了银行效率.大股东的国有性质对ROA和ROE产生了正向影响,但董事会规模有负向影响,独立董事制度对银行绩效没有显著影响,但显著地降低了银行的风险.     

中国上市银行的经济增加值及其驱动因素

金融业的全面对外开放使得银行之间的竞争日趋激烈,对中国商业银行经营绩效作出科学评价成为大势所趋。本文选取中国沪深两市14家上市银行作为研究样本,结合银行业的特殊性和中国商业银行的实际情况,对它们的经济增加值（EVA）进行测算,得出中国上市银行经营绩效不容乐观;进一步深入探索EVA潜在驱动因素得出,EVA与资产规模、存货比、资本充足率非显著相关,与外部治理显著正相关,与固定资产比例及不良货款率呈显著负相关。因此中国商业银行应完善内外治理机制,建立以EVA为核心风险管理体系。     

市场竞争、EVA评价与企业过度投资

在国资委对央企全面推行经济增加值(EVA)业绩考核之际,本文利用央企控股上市公司的数据,实证检验了EVA对企业过度投资的影响。研究发现,EVA评价体系的实施可显著降低央企过度投资;进一步研究显示,市场竞争环境差异对EVA抑制过度投资的效果产生显著影响,竞争度越高的行业EVA抑制企业过度投资的作用更为明显;反之则并不显著。本文研究结论支持了EVA评价机制应用的有效性,但也从产业竞争角度证明市场经营环境的改善是进一步提升EVA业绩评价体系有效性充分发挥的关键。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

Short-sale refinancing and price adjustment speed to bad news: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Short selling may accelerate stock price adjustment to negative news. However, the literature provides mixed evidence for this prediction. Using short-sale refinancing and a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper explores the effect of short selling on stock price adjustment. Our results show that (1) short-sale refinancing improves the speed of stock price adjustment to negative news. This result holds after we control for endogeneity. (2) The positive relationship between short-sale refinancing and stock price adjustment speed is significant in subsamples of stocks with higher earnings management or lower accuracy of analyst forecasts, indicating that firms with more opaque information are more likely to be targeted by short sellers. In subsamples of stocks with a higher ownership concentration or lower ownership by institutional investors, short selling is more likely to increase the speed of stock price adjustment, indicating that ownership structure may influence negative news mining. (3) As short-sale refinancing exacerbates the absorption of bad news by stock prices, it increases crash risk. This study enriches the research on the economic consequences of short selling and provides empirical evidence supporting regulations on short selling in China.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:     

The China puzzle: Opportunities for accounting research

How can China achieve phenomenal economic growth despite what is considered as 'weak' institutions in market-based economies? Xu(2011) provides a framework to u...     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Income smoothing and the cost of debt

The literature on income smoothing focuses on the effect of earnings smoothing on the equity market.This paper investigates the effect of income smoothing on th...     

Aims and Scope

<正>The focus of the China Journal of Accounting Research is to publish theoretical and empirical research papers that use contemporary research methodologies to...     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.