政府引导基金在运作中存在的问题及对策

经过十几年的发展,我国政府引导基金从起步探索、规范化发展到现在的市场化运作,发展速度相当迅速,规模也日渐壮大,在引导社会资本积极参与创新创业、股权投资等方面,充分发挥了引导基金的引导和杠杆作用,但同时也伴随出现了运作不够规范、投资限制等问题。建议通过明确资金来源、加强审计监督、放款限制等,加强引导基金的规范运作和发展。     

政府引导基金支持地方实体经济发展的探索

实体经济的振兴发展是我国新时代经济发展战略的重中之重,政府引导基金运用于实体经济是实现中国"经济新常态"理念的必经之路。本文通过政府引导基金实施的事后效果对我国实体经济发展影响的研究,发现在政府引导基金作用下,地方实体经济当前难以突破地域限制、难以获取强劲资金、难以完全实现市场化等问题,未来还需进一步完善引导基金的运作机制,在投资规模、投资区域以及投资产业上加以合理限制和引导,在政府引导基金管理模式、制度设计方面以市场化方式规范运作,实现政府资源的有效配置。     

关于政府引导基金制度设计的几点思考

正政府引导基金是由政府出资设立,采用市场化方式募集运作的政策性基金,通过引导基金参股、跟投等形式,充分发挥财政资金杠杆放大和引导吸附作用,吸引社会资本投资于特定领域,推动产业发展和转型升级。设立政府引导基金,是财政专项资金分配方式的重大创新。     

中国的引导基金如何运作

2008年由国家发改委、财政部和商务部联合发布的《关于创业投资引导基金规范设立与运作的指导意见》（以下简称《指导意见》）中指出：”创业投资引导基金（以下简称“引导基金”）是指由政府设立并按市场化方式运作的政策性基金,主要通过扶持创业投资企业发展,引导社会资金进入创业投资领域。引导基金本身不直接从事创业投资业务。“那么,在中国,政府引导基金是如何运作的呢？     

国外环保投资基金经验对我国的启示

环保投资基金在国外不断发展壮大,主要模式有政府引导型基金、风险投资型基金和股票投资型基金等.国外政府制定政策支持环保投资基金的发展与运作,发挥政府的引导作用,明确基金的管理权限,制定严格的基金项目选择标准,实现环保领域投资多元化.我国应借鉴国外经验,通过设立政府引导型环保基金、制定环保基金的优惠政策、制定环保基金投资规范和扩展环保基金投资领域等方式,发展我国的环保投资基金.     

国外环保投资基金经验对我国的启示

环保投资基金在国外不断发展壮大,主要模式有政府引导型基金、风险投资型基金和股票投资型基金等。外国政府制定政策支持环保投资基金的发展与运作,发挥政府的引导作用,明确基金的管理权限,制定严格的基金项目选择标准,实现环保领域投资多元化。我国应借鉴国外经验,通过设立政府引导型环保基金、制定环保基金的优惠政策、制定环保基金投资规范和扩展环保基金投资领域等方式,发展我国的环保投资基金。     

供给侧改革背景下政府引导基金的机制研究

随着经济发展进入"新常态",我国迫切需要改善供给侧环境,优化供给侧机制,增强我国经济长期稳定发展的新动力.政府引导基金带动社会资本支持战略性新兴企业发展,促进我国产业结构优化升级.本文首先简要介绍了政府引导基金的情况,分析了引导基金对供给侧改革的促进作用,其次简略描述了引导基金运作机制模式,指出了其发展的现存问题,最后对改善引导基金运作机制提出了相关的对策建议.     

加快推进淮安市创业投资发展的思考与建议

创业投资引导基金是由政府设立并按市场化运作的政策性基金,主要通过扶持创业投资企业的发展,引导社会资金进入创业投资领域。创业投资引导基金本身并不直接从事创业投资业务,它的宗旨是发挥财政资金的杠杠放大效应,增加创业投资资本的供给,通过鼓励创业投资企业投资处于种子期、起步期等创业早期的企业,克服单纯通过市场配置创业投资资本的市场失灵问题。创业投资引导基金本身并不参与创业投资企业的运作,它按照“政府引导、市场运作、科学决策、防范风险”的原则进行投资运作,吸引更多民间资本参与创业投资领域。     

吴江区政府引导基金运作模式优化研究

<正>近年来,在政府积极助推下,各地方政府纷纷设立了专项基金,我国政府创业投资引导基金作用日益增强,其发展步入繁荣期。2008年7月,吴江率先在江苏省内设立了总规模为2亿元人民币的区级创业投资引导基金。实际上,吴江政府对创业投资引导基金投融资实践,仅仅处在起步阶段,仍然存在许多不足。本文简要分析了吴江引导基金运行现状,指出现行运作模式的成效及存在的主要问题,提出了吴江引导基金运作模式的优化方案。     

创业投资引导基金法律制度研究——基于政府角色定位的思考北大核心SSCI

在"大众创业、万众创新"的经济背景下,政府设立创业投资引导基金以扶持处于种子期、起步期等创业早期的中小微型企业。本文择选政府角色定位这一角度,通过阐述政府既是合作者又是监管者的理论基础,评析政府在创业投资引导基金运行过程中角色错位的现状及原因。分别从确立基金市场化运作、健全政府监管职能和完善法律体系三个方面提出建议,依法协调政府角色的政策性和商业性冲突,促进创业投资引导基金健康发展。     

Government venture capital and cross-border investment

We use data on venture capital investments from 26 countries from 1998–2013. We investigate the following questions: Do domestic government sponsored venture capital funds augment or curtail domestic private venture capital funds from cross-border investment? Do government sponsored venture capital funds attract or repel foreign private venture capital investment? The results show that a preponderance of mixed-structured over pure-structured government venture capital investment has a crowding-in effect overall: it attracts domestic and international private venture capital to the domestic venture capital market while simultaneously increasing total private venture capital investment. In contrast, a preponderance of pure-government over mixed-government venture capital fund investment repels foreign private venture capital investment (has a crowding out effect). We find that both these effects are more pronounced for domestic rather than foreign private venture capital and that the attraction effect is stronger than the repulsion effect.     

欧洲创业投资发展及启示

本报告基于对欧洲创业投资业发展历程的考察,从创业环境、政府基金支持、税收优惠政策、退出机制、监管体制和行业协会作用等六个方面,全面总结了欧洲主要国家发展创业投资业的经验。结合中国国情,我国发展创业投资须从创业环境、政府基金支持、税收优惠等方面加以促进和完善。     

养老基金参与风险投资问题探讨

本结合中外风险投资的融资现状，指出了一国的金融体制对其风险投资发展具有重要的影响，讨论了养老基金参与英美风险投资业的原因，得出了养老基金是风险投资的天然资本供给以及我国的养老基金必将成为我国风险投资业的主要投资的结论。     

《创业投资企业管理暂行办法》解读

本文在对“创业投资”进行准确法律界定的基础上，阐述了《创业投资企业管理暂行办法》扶持创业投资发展并引导其投资方向的立法宗旨以及政策扶持的主要方式，并就该办法为何仅调整创业投资基金以及所提供的特别法律保护、所确定的政府监管方式和研究制定有关配套规章与政策，进行了论证和解读。     

The determinants of venture capital funding: evidence across countries

This paper analyses the determinants of venture capital for a sample of 21 countries. In particular, we consider the importance of initial public offerings (IPOs), gross domestic product (GDP) and market capitalization growth, labor market rigidities, accounting standards, private pension funds, and government programs. We find that IPOs are the strongest driver of venture capital investing. Private pension fund levels are a significant determinant over time but not across countries. Surprisingly, GDP and market capitalization growth are not significant. Government policies can have a strong impact, both by setting the regulatory stage, and by galvanizing investment during downturns. Finally, we also show that different types of venture capital financing are affected differently by these factors. In particular, early stage venture capital investing is negatively impacted by labor market rigidities, while later stage is not. IPOs have no effect on early stage venture capital investing across countries, but are a significant determinant of later stage venture capital investing across countries. Finally, government funded venture capital has different sensitivities to the determinants of venture capital than non-government funded venture capital. Our insights emphasize the need for a more differentiated approach to venture capital, both from a research as well as from a policy perspective. We feel that while later stage venture capital investing is well understood, early stage and government funded investments still require more extensive research.     

政府创业投资引导基金运作管理模式研究

本文从政府创业投资引导基金的扶持对象和扶持方式、组织机构和职能、利益分配和退出方式、监督和风险防范等方面设计政府创投引导基金的运行管理模式,探讨建立引导基金的运行机制、内部控制和激励机制,完善公司治理,加强监督和风险防范,防止内部人控制和道德风险,以保证政府引导基金的功能、效率和安全,确保国有资本的保值增值和再投资的良性循环。     

支持技术创新发展的政府主导型风险投资机制设计

从目前国际的发展形势来看,政府正在逐渐淡出或退出绝大多数风险投资机构的具体运作。但结合我国实际状况,政府有责任引导风险投资作为支持技术创新的重要融资手段。本文重点研究设计以"风险投资管理局"为核心的政府主导型风险投资机制,包括投资对象的综合评估与筛选、政府主导型风险投资融资方式、政府对投资公司的配套服务与扶持措施、政府对技术创新企业的承包采购政策及法律政策支持等。     

风险投资基金运作的国际经验借鉴和我国的模式选择

我国风险投资基金业在过去十多年的发展过程中取得了飞速的发展,但其中也暴露出很多问题和制约因素,诸如外部环境滞后、规模小、抗风险能力弱、组织模式不合理等.而国外风险投资基金业则已经建成了比较有效的市场架构和法律体系,规模不断扩大,抗风险能力提高,同时也形成了各自完善的组织模式.本文通过国际比较研究,探寻国外发展过程中的积极因素,为我国风险投资基金的发展提供合理的借鉴.     

TOWARD A GLOBAL MODEL OF VENTURE CAPITAL?

While the U.S. still accounts for about two‐thirds of the world's total private equity fund‐raising and investment, other countries have been adopting American practices and are experiencing significant growth in their private equity markets. In fact, a case can be made that a global market for venture capital and private equity is emerging, at least in Western Europe and North America, where venture markets are seeing significant convergence in funding levels, investment patterns, and realized returns. To date, however, the European Union has had little success in establishing community‐wide commercial laws, taxation regimes, or corporate governance policies, so each country's private equity funds are organized in segmented national markets, and investment also tends to be largely localized. The Asian markets are even more fragmented: venture capital shows no sign of taking root in Japan, and China lacks the basic legal infrastructure needed to support a vibrant venture capital market. Venture capitalists create value through their role as active investors, and government and business leaders around the world have come to realize that venture capital and private equity investing can be a significant force in promoting economic development and technological progress. In general, countries with English common law codes offer greater protection to inves‐tors; the ratio of venture capital spending to GDP for common law countries is nearly double that in civil law countries. Government efforts to promote venture capital would probably be better focused on eliminating regulatory road‐blocks, lowering taxes, and provid‐ing a favorable investor climate. In the meantime, it appears that pri‐vate equity fund‐raising and invest‐ment have hit their cyclical lows and are poised to surpass $250 billion globally within three or four years and to reach one‐half trillion dollars by the end of the decade. The author also predicts that India, whose history as a former British colony has given it a common law framework as well as system of elite universities and technical institutes known for the quality of its gradu‐ates, should become one of the five leading venture capital markets by the end of this decade.     

风险资本进入新媒体企业的双重委托代理问题研究

基于新媒体经济与文化双重属性,其发展须置于政府监控之下.风险资本进入新媒体企业时,政府和风险资本家作为委托人与新媒体经营者之间形成双重委托代理关系.政府与风险资本家分剐在非合作与合作状态下的激励模型分析结果表明:非合作状态下,每个委托人增加自身利益的行为对其他的委托人都有负外部效应;而在合作状态下.双方组成一个协同整体,根据经营者工作职能效率的情况,适当调整激励强度,实现双赢.