The government revenue and government expenditure nexus: empirical evidence from nine Asian countries

The nexus between government revenue and government expenditure has been an important topic in public economics. In this paper, we investigate evidence for cointegration and causality between government revenue and government expenditure for nine Asian countries. We use the recently developed bounds testing approach to cointegration and the conventional F-test to examine Granger causality. Our empirical results suggest that for three out of the nine countries government revenue and government expenditure are cointegrated. Our results on the direction of causation are mixed: (a) for Indonesia, Singapore, Sri Lanka in the short-run and for Nepal in both the short- and long-run we find support for the tax-and-spend hypothesis; (b) Indonesia and Sri Lanka are in conformity with the spend-and-tax hypothesis in the long-run; and (c) for other countries there is evidence of neutrality.     

Statistics for Studies of Human Welfare

Developments in the recent past have substantially increased our ability to measure, compute, and communicate. We take the view that a corresponding improved understanding of processes in the life sciences will come about only through more intensive studies of properties of statistical methods and algorithms and transparent, open source computing environments.     

中国股市波动与经济波动的传递性研究

基于1994~2004年度的月份数据,对股市波动与经济波动的关系进行研究。我们采用Schwert(1989)的12阶自回归模型对各经济变量序列的波动性进行估计,并进一步通过Granger因果检验和冲击反应函数考察各波动序列之间的内在关系。检验结果表明:在Granger因果检定中,股市波动并未受到总体经济波动的影响,说明股市在一定程度上反映了当前的经济信息;股市波动与经济波动的冲击反应函数则显示,股市波动与经济波动之间的影响大体在6~8个月以内传递完毕。     

中国通货膨胀成因的实证分析

通过对可能影响我国通货膨胀的因素,包括经济增长、货币供应量、居民消费水平和工资的格兰杰因果分析和自回归分布滞后模型的拟合,可知我国通货膨胀和货币供应量、居民预期有密切关系,而和其他因素没有显著关系.     

宏观经济运行质量评价指标的选择方法

筛选指标的传统方法或者是定性分析或者是单一的定量分析。本文收集了37个反映宏观经济运行质量的指标信息,依据相关系数及其聚类分析,将相关程度不同的指标聚为不同的组或类,然后在相关系数高度相关的指标组进行因果关系分析,选取那些作为原因的变量或指标。利用相关时间序列建模方法中的向量自回归模型,及其脉冲响应函数和方差分解分析,进一步区分那些影响其他变量的重要变量。最后得到一组既能反映现象变化,又是主要或重要变量的14个指标。这一指标筛选方法不同于传统方法,它充分利用了指标之间的关联信息、因果信息和动态相依信息,具有综合性与实用性。     

欧盟REACH法令对中国化工产品出口的影响分析

欧盟REACH法令的实施将促进我国化学工业的发展,但在短期内会导致我国出口欧盟化工产品和进口化工产品成本上升,降低出口产品竞争力,部分产品甚至退出欧盟市场,其他国家可能纷纷效仿欧盟,引起连锁反应。应对该种技术性壁垒,我国政府和行业协会应加大宣传REACH法令的力度,加快国内相关立法,推进国内实验室的GLP认证工作。另外,化学品生产企业应提高自身产品质量,做好化学品注册的可行性分析和预注册工作。     

FDI与区域经济增长——基于西安高新技术产业开发区数据的计量检验

论文以西安高新技术产业开发区实际外商直接投资与其经济增长的关系为对象,分别考察了实际外商直接投资对营业收入、出口创汇和国内固定资产投资等主要宏观变量增长的影响.在此基础上,对外商直接投资与西安高新技术产业开发区的主要宏观数据进行格兰杰因果性检验.最后提出扩大利用外资规模,提高利用外资水平,促进经济增长的具体建议.     

中国住宅投资引领经济增长吗?

本文运用1985—2009年中国各省、直辖市、自治区的数据,对住宅投资与经济增长之间的领先—滞后关系进行分析。结果表明,无论是1985—2009年全时段还是以1998年大规模房改为分界线的分时段,无论是全国各省市还是分区域的各省市面板数据,经济增长引领住宅投资的单向Granger因果关系是稳定的;不同于一些研究和政策措施所主张的住宅投资引领经济增长的观点,本文认为找不到证据来支持住宅投资带动经济增长的论点。由此可见,所谓"住宅引领增长假说"在我国并不成立,而我国自上世纪90年代中期以来一直大力促进住宅投资以带动经济增长、把住宅建设当作国民经济的新增长点和支柱产业的政策值得反思。     

Risk,uncertainty, and leverage

Using mostly theoretical models and traditional risk/uncertainty measures (VIX index, panic, precaution, scary bad news, etc.), the current literature tries to clarify the risk/uncertainty-deleveraging pattern. The findings are not sufficient to explain the dynamic empirical relationship between modern risk/uncertainty indicators and leverage. We fill this gap in the literature by using US quarterly data, from 1985:1 to 2018:4, Granger causality tests, and a structural vector autoregression model. We find that commercial bank leverage rises when geopolitical risk and macroeconomic, policy, and equity uncertainty increase. Client-based business relationships of banks and high government borrowing from banks during crises periods are responsible for this relationship. We find that the leverage of broker-dealers and shadow banks declines when Chicago risk and macroeconomic, policy, financial, and equity uncertainty increase. We argue that the vulnerability of broker-dealers and shadow banks to the risk/uncertainty of the entire market system is responsible for this relationship.     

Putting the Cart before the Horse? Re-Examining the Relationship between Domestic Savings and Economic Growth in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries

In addition to the standard Granger causality, this paper employs the Toda–Yamamoto approach and instantaneous causality test to examine the causal relationship between domestic savings and economic growth in 10 sub-Saharan African countries utilizing time series data. Findings from both the standard Granger causality and Toda–Yamamoto approach are consistent and robust only in five countries where domestic savings and economic growth are completely independent in three countries. For the remaining two, causality runs from savings to growth. However, for the other five countries, findings produced from both causality tests are grossly inconsistent and mixed leaving us under a quandary although the Toda–Yamamoto test is often reliable on account of its ability to avoid misleading results associated with the asymptotic nature of the standard Granger causality test. Our findings further reveal an instantaneous unidirectional causality from domestic savings to economic growth for only Benin, Mali, and South Africa suggesting that savings-led growth is rapid for these countries. We conclude based on our findings that the myriad of ‘evidence’ in earlier studies on savings-growth causality should be treated with caution given that methodological differences can produce misleading results with the potential of misdirecting policy.