我国粮食价格变动的经济效应分析

粮食价格变动的经济效应体现为对粮食产量、农民收入、物价的影响。从粮食市场价格形成的机制看,成本与资源禀赋决定粮价的长期走势,中期以市场自发调节为基础,政府干预为主导。本文通过对粮价与粮食产量、粮价与农民收入、粮价与物价之间的协整性和格兰杰因果关系检验,得出结论:粮食价格上涨能显著地刺激粮食增产、短期内激励农民增收,统计意义上粮食市场价格上涨不会引起物价上升,政府要继续利用粮食价格手段支持粮食增产与农民增收。今年粮食等主要农产品价格上涨不是引起通胀的主要原因,不能轻率地抑制农产品价格。     

财税政策激励企业技术创新的理论与实证分析

技术创新是一个复杂的系统,其不同阶段具有不同的特点。财税政策对技术创新的各个阶段都有一定的激励作用,但在不同阶段起主要作用的具体政策是不同的:在研发阶段与成果转化阶段,财政支持与税收优惠都很重要,但研发阶段对财政支持更为敏感,而成果转化阶段对财政支持与税收优惠的敏感性大体相当;在产业化生产阶段,政府采购政策与税收政策具有重要影响,对政府采购政策更为敏感。     

人力资本投资与农村非农就业关系的实证研究——以湖南省为例

基于湖南省1985—2012年的时间序列数据,通过建立VECM模型、协整检验模型、格兰杰因果检验模型以及方差分解等模型分析农村非农就业与人力资本投资之间的关联。结论显示:人力资本教育投资、人力资本健康投资、人力资本迁移投资与非农就业存在长期稳定的均衡关系;从短期来看,人力资本健康投资、人力资本教育投资是非农就业的Granger原因,人力资本迁移投资不是非农就业的Granger原因;人力资本健康投资对非农就业的影响最大,其次为人力资本教育投资,人力资本迁移投资最小。     

财政支出维稳倾向影响社会稳定形势的实证研究——来自中国省际面板数据的考证

笔者使用中国省际面板数据,运用Granger就财政支出对社会稳定的影响进行非因果性检验发现公共安全财政支出是社会稳定的单向Granger原因,表明以公共安全财政支出变量变化预测社会稳定形势具有显著的统计学意义。鉴于此,公共安全财政支出安排应参照社会稳定形势变化进行动态调整,使其契合中国社会对公共安全保障要求。     

Foreign Direct Investment and Services Trade: Evidence from Malaysia and Singapore

Abstract

Services trade is an important source of growth in Malaysia and Singapore. Both economies are export-oriented and actively court foreign direct investment (FDI) to advance their economic objectives of industrialization and economic development. This paper examines the causal linkages between inward FDI and the country's engagement in services trade in bi-variate and tri-variate VAR frameworks. The empirical findings for Singapore show evidence of bi-directional causality between inward FDI and the total trade volume in services (i.e. the absolute sum of payments and receipts) as well as between FDI and services imports (in the tri-variate specification). This may reflect her relative open foreign investment policy and free trade regime in services. For Malaysia, the evidence of causality is weaker and uni-directional, from inward FDI to services imports. These findings are consistent with the different stages of economic development and openness attained by the two sample countries, and they provide useful background for trade and foreign investment policies and development strategies.     

单整变量之间Granger因果关系的一种检验程序

本文系统研究了含有单整变量的变量之间Granger因果关系基于OLS估计的检验方法,将适用于存在（1,1）阶协整关系的I(1)变量之间Granger因果关系检验的Engle和Granger（1987）两步程序,扩展到了存在协整关系的高阶单整变量的情形,并提出了含有单整变量的变量之间Granger因果关系检验的一般程序。     

The Causality Between R&D And Investment

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between R&D expenditure and investment in machinery and equipment in order to test for causality. New growth theory emphasises the role of R&D in creating blueprints needed to produce new capital goods implicitly assuming causality running from R&D to investment. Other recent studies using firm level data have investigated the relationship between innovative activity and investment in fixed capital. In this paper we use aggregate data from the US economy on R&D expenditure in the industrial sector and aggregate investment in machinery and equipment. Standard Granger causality tests, together with the Hsiao version, are then performed, showing that causality runs from R&D to investment. In addition we perform a cointegration analysis allowing a test of possible long-run feedbacks. This dynamic representation shows that any feedback between investment and R&D is only significant in the long run.     

Price and volatility spillovers between exchange rates and stock indexes for the pre- and post-euro period

In this paper we explore the nature of the mean, volatility and causality transmission mechanism between stock and foreign exchange markets for the United States and some major European markets for the periods pre- and post-euro. The asymmetric volatility transmission is described by an extended Multivariate Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroskedastic (EGARCH) model. The results support the asymmetric and long-range persistence volatility spillover effect and show strong evidence of causality in the mean and variance between foreign exchange rate and stock price for both pre- and post-euro periods. However, the stock price has a more significant effect on foreign exchange rate for the two subsamples. These results are robust to the cross-correlation function test suggested by Cheung and Ng. The implication is particularly important for international portfolio managers when devising hedging and diversification strategies for their portfolios.     

Non-parametric determination of real-time lag structure between two time series: the ‘optimal thermal causal path’ method

We introduce a novel non-parametric methodology to test for the dynamical time evolution of the lag–lead structure between two arbitrary time series. The method consists of constructing a distance matrix based on the matching of all sample data pairs between the two time series. Then, the lag–lead structure is searched for as the optimal path in the distance matrix landscape that minimizes the total mismatch between the two time series, and that obeys a one-to-one causal matching condition. To make the solution robust to the presence of a large amount of noise that may lead to spurious structures in the distance matrix landscape, we generalize this optimal search by introducing a fuzzy search by sampling over all possible paths, each path being weighted according to a multinomial logit or equivalently Boltzmann factor proportional to the exponential of the global mismatch of this path. We present the efficient transfer matrix method that solves the problem and test it on simple synthetic examples to demonstrate its properties and usefulness compared with the standard running-time cross-correlation method. We then apply our ‘optimal thermal causal path’ method to the question of the lag-dependence between the US stock market and the treasury bond yields and confirm our earlier results on an arrow of the stock markets preceding the Federal Reserve Funds’ adjustments, as well as the yield rates at short maturities in the period 2000–2003. Our application of this technique to inflation, inflation change, GDP growth rate and unemployment rate unearths non-trivial lag relationships: the GDP changes lead inflation especially since the 1980s, inflation changes leads GDP only in the 1980 decade, and inflation leads unemployment rates since the 1970s. In addition, our approach seems to detect multiple competing lag structures in which one can have inflation leading GDP with a certain lag time and GDP feeding back/leading inflation with another lag time.     

内生增长理论对政府公共支出与经济增长关系的解释——来自中国1952—2011年的经验证据

本文基于内生增长理论（Endogenous Growth Theory）分析政府公共支出与经济增长的关系。基于Barro（1990）提出的框架,但采用Arrowand Kutz（1970）提出的方法,将公共投资通过直接资本形成增加资本存量,形成内生经济增长,并采用Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans（1965）模型的基本假设,利用1952—2011年中国时间序列数据对影响经济增长的因素进行检验。结果显示：政府公共物质资本投入及政府人力资本投入对经济增长均具有正效应,但政府公共物质资本投入对经济增长的效应微弱,而政府人力资本投入对经济增长的效应较大。同时还验证了政府物质资本投入并不是经济增长的格兰杰原因（Granger Cause）,而政府人力资本投资是经济增长的格兰杰原因（Granger Cause）,且影响滞后并持久,教育投入对中国经济增长的影响是长期渗透的。