Devaluation and Marx's Law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit

Marx's law of the tendential fall in the rate of profit predicts that the rate of profit will decline over the long term as the forces of production develop, and move cyclically in a way that explains crises and economic recoveries. This interpretation is substantiated with textual evidence, and with a method for measuring the dynamic of devaluation and revaluation which Marx uses to explain the profit rate cycle. This method is shown to be consistent with temporalism, meaning it avoids the transformation problem created by dual system interpretations, and the problem of the Okishio Theorem created by simultaneist interpretations. The article also includes a temporalist way to estimate the Monetary Expression of Labour Time, and empirical results for the effect of devaluation on the stock of fixed assets in the United States since 1930.     

The other side of technology adoption: Examining the relationships between e-commerce expenses and hotel performance

As information technology (IT) increasingly permeates all aspects of the contemporary society, hotels have spent millions of dollars to deploy electronic commerce (e-commerce) tools and develop appropriate strategies to attract and retain guests. Yet, while the literature reflects the drivers of adopting certain e-commerce tools, it does not provide a conclusive answer regarding the effectiveness of e-commerce expenditures. Specifically, it is unclear whether such expenditures affect performance in terms of revenue and gross operating profit, or whether such effects are consistent over time and across different chain scales. Based on financial data reported by a sample of 275 hotels from 2007 through 2012, this study found that e-commerce expenses significantly and positively impacted rooms revenue for all sample years, except in 2007. When subgroup analyses were performed by chain scale, it was found that e-commerce expenses significantly contributed to the gross operating profit for midscale and upscale hotels but not for the luxury, upper upscale, and the upper midscale categories.     

THE POTENTIAL FOR SHORT‐RUN SHIFTING OF A CORPORATE PROFITS TAX

Can the owners of a firm shift a corporate profits tax to consumers? Not in the short run if the tax is stated as a proportion of profits and the firm is a profit maximizer. But what if the firm wishes to pursue a strategy other than profit maximization, say revenue maximization subject to a profit constraint? Under such a condition the firm's reaction to a tax or tax increase might be a price rise that captures part of the foregone profits. We show that firms which operate at a point on their demand curve that differs from profit maximization have an incentive to raise price in response to the tax – and that high cost firms have a greater incentive to raise price than do low cost firms. Our empirical analysis of the US beer industry confirms this finding, and sheds light on the Krzyzaniak–Musgrave analysis of the 1960s which suggested that the corporation income tax produced significant short‐run shifting.     

基于义利平衡观的社会责任取向与持续经营之关系——一家转制医院的案例研究

本文选取一家具有50多年发展历程的转制医院RQ医院为研究对象,通过案例研究的方法,对其在公立医院和股份制医院两个不同发展阶段的社会责任取向、社会责任行为和持续经营的情况进行了对比研究。研究发现:社会责任取向分为义取向和利取向两种,医院的义(利)取向越高,社会责任行为越高(低);义利平衡的社会责任取向有利于持续经营,社会责任取向和社会责任行为水平过低或过高均不利于组织的持续经营;与组织自身特征相适应的社会责任行为对持续经营有正向影响。因此本文认为组织应当保持一个适合于自身发展阶段和特征的社会责任取向水平,并选择相应的社会责任战略,唯如此,组织方能持续经营。     

服务业创新理论国外相关研究综述

基于国外理论与实践的研究,对创新过程的理解、传统的制造业向服务业转移、服务业创新实证研究、服务行业创新模式的研究进行了理论综述。从服务业创新研究现状看,原有的创新理论与服务业的发展现状已出现较多矛盾:传统的创新理论主要来源于制造业,而制造业创新与服务业相距甚远,所以在服务业领域缺乏规范的实证研究,从而使理论研究缺乏实证依据;服务业的多样性、交叉性及差异性,以及其行业的飞速发展性,使其创新内容、创新类型、创新模式等创新基本理论问题的概念化难度相对较大;服务业的相关研究较为零散,缺乏整体性和系统性。     

浅议工程质量与工程造价

市场经济条件下,每个企业追求的目标与内在动力都是利润最大化,也是企业求生存、求发展的重要指标。通常建筑工程造价对建设单位来说就是投入,而相对施工单位来讲则是收入。建设单位为了降低造价,会相处千方百计的理由,而施工单位也会为了应付而想方设法增加工程造价,因此两者之间就有着一定的利益冲突。本文主要论述工程质量与工程造价的关系。     

某不锈钢制造企业物流成本控制研究

随着现代物流的迅速发展,物流成本管理日渐成为企业物流管理的核心部分,科学地控制物流成本,成为现代企业提高经济效益和增强核心竞争力的重要途径。文章从企业物流成本控制的理论研究出发,针对某不锈钢制造企业物流成本控制方面出现的诸多问题,探讨出适应该公司发展的物流成本管理战略,有利于其在激烈的市场竞争中生存与发展。     

基于价值链的企业利润模式优化研究——以中石油为例

利润模式是一种能够为企业带来收益的模式,是企业赖以生存的基础。利润模式决定了企业在价值链中的位置,并指导企业如何赚钱。优秀的利润模式可以将企业内部资源与外部资源有机整合,利用内外部有利的机会,扬长避短,为企业带来丰厚的利润。石油资源作为战略性资源,关系到国民经济和社会发展,关系到国家安全,构建一个优秀的利润模式既是中石油企业发展的需要,也是贯彻我国石油战略,保障我国石油安全的需要。     

我国财产保险市场承保效益影响因素分析

近年来,我国产险市场业务呈现快速增长态势,竞争主体迅速增多,市场集中度不断下降,竞争越来越激烈.市场不规范现象经常出现,费率下降,各家保险企业的承保效益出现普遍亏损现象,直接影响了行业的可持续发展和削弱了我国产险企业的市场竞争力.基于此,本文以我国产险市场上10家产险企业为样本,以2004至2008年的数据进行面板回归...     

老龄化与日本的社会保障

日本今年3月发生的大地震和核发电站的泄露事故,给政府和国民敲响警钟,震灾后的复兴,同时也是日本社会保障、社会福利的复兴。本文就日本的老龄化、社会保障、社会福利服务的现状进行分析,同时提出了社会保障构造改革后社会保障政策的诸多问题,并就日本社会保障未来的发展方向提出了思考和建议。