森林保险保费补贴政策林业产出激励效应评估

基于开展森林保险保费补贴政策的23个省(市、自治区)2014—2018年面板数据,在分析正向激励效应与负向抑制效应下的森林保险保费补贴政策产出效应传导机制的基础上,运用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数与面板数据模型从林业产出视角分别对全国层面、东部地区和中西部地区的森林保险保费补贴政策实施效果进行评估。结果表明:森林保险保费补贴政策存在产出激励效应,且存在1期滞后;同时,森林保险保费补贴对林业产出的促进效果受影响于林业风险,风险水平的上升会抑制保费补贴政策对林业产出的促进作用;森林保险保费补贴政策产出激励效应及林业风险对补贴政策产出激励效应的影响均存在区域差异性。最后,提出实施保费补贴差异化、逐步提升保障水平等建议。     

集体林区生态公益林建设对劳动力转移的影响——以浙江省为例

生态公益林作为我国政府强化生态文明建设的重要举措,在保障生态安全方面发挥着重要作用.本文使用浙江省的农户调查数据,使用Heckit模型实证检验了农户生态公益林面积和生态公益林损失性补偿对农户家庭劳动力转移的影响.结果表明:尽管生态公益林面积的增加促进了农户劳动力转移,但是生态公益林补贴与劳动力转移呈现出倒U形关系,即随...     

定额补贴模式能够促进农机装备制造企业创新吗——以拖拉机制造行业为例

农机购置补贴政策已深刻影响中国农机行业发展,本文以拖拉机制造行业为例,探讨政策的定额补贴模式对农机企业创新的影响.研究表明,定额补贴模式下的农机购置补贴对企业创新产生了两种效应.一是偏离效应,表现为补贴政策既难以降低企业创新成本,也难以带动高质量产品销售,对农机企业的创新激励不足,导致政策设计与政策目标实现的需要相偏离...     

出口退税、财政补贴能否提高企业出口强度？——基于货物贸易和服务贸易的对比分析

以出口退税、财政补贴影响企业出口的理论为基础，采用2016年全国税收调查数据和OLS估计法进行实证检验。研究发现：出口退税显著激励企业货物出口强度，而财政补贴显著激励企业服务出口强度；出口退税对加工贸易企业的货物出口激励效应比非加工贸易企业显著，财政补贴对非加工贸易企业的服务出口激励效应更显著；出口退税、财政补贴对自贸区企业的出口激励效应小于非自贸区企业；出口退税、财政补贴对东部企业、涉外企业的出口激励效应较大，私有企业次之，国有企业不显著甚至负效应；出口退税降低企业负债融资，而财政补贴增加企业股权融资，缓解出口的融资约束。     

Rent-seeking,R&D,and productivity

To investigate whether rent-seeking discourages productivity, we consider a third-market model, in which a domestic firm and a foreign firm engage in both Research and Development (R&D) and output competition. We show that the relationship between rent-seeking and productivity depends on two forces. On the one hand, rent-seeking increases the marginal benefit of R&D and encourages productivity. On the other hand, a lower production cost due to R&D enables the government to extract the rent from the firm to a greater extent and discourages the productivity. Which force is dominant depends on the level of corruption or, as an alternative interpretation, the weight the government attaches to political contributions. Unlike the monotonic relationship proposed by the literature, we find a non-monotonic relationship between rent-seeking and productivity.     

Research and development and trade policies for product innovation in the presence of foreign competition

This paper examines two policy instruments — a matching grant and import tariffs — for encouraging research and development (R&D) in product innovation by a domestic firm when it faces foreign competition. We do so by developing a theoretical model of product innovation where R&D effort is endogenous and its outcome uncertain. We examine the effects of a reduction in import tariffs on private expenditure on R&D, on public support for such R&D, and on total R&D expenditure. We find that in response to a reduction in import tariffs, the domestic firm always reduces its private R&D investments, but the total level of R&D expenditure (i.e., including public support) might go up depending on the level of tariffs. In particular, we find that it will go up if the initial level of tariff is higher than a critical level. When tariff is endogenous, we find that the socially optimal level of tariffs is positive. One finding that is of particular interest is that supporting private attempts to product innovate in the form of a matching grant program leads to a socially optimal level of product R&D.     

基于博弈论的中欧国际班列政府补贴优化——以“义新欧”为例

针对中欧国际班列发展中存在的政府补贴优化问题,制定了一个基于中欧国际班列运营企业集装箱运输量和服务水平的补贴方案。运用不完全动态博弈分析政府、运营企业及托运人之间的关系,假设以实现三者效益最大化为目标,构建了一个以政府补贴为变量的三阶段博弈模型,采用逆行归纳法对模型进行求解,得到运营企业的补贴系数和努力程度系数。参考“义新欧”班列的运行数据,进行实证分析,并帮助政府确定合适的补贴金额。     

The Capitalisation of CAP Payments into Land Rental Prices: A Panel Sample Selection Approach

The empirical literature suggests that farmland prices and rents capitalise agricultural subsidies and that the 2003 reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, which decoupled subsidies from production and attached them to land, may have increased the extent of the phenomenon. Employing a farm‐level dataset, the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for Italy, we investigate this issue while accounting for selectivity, endogeneity and unobserved individual heterogeneity. To understand the impact of the reform we compare the estimates of capitalisation rate for decoupled payments with those for coupled payments. After correcting for unobserved individual heterogeneity and selectivity, our results reveal no capitalisation of coupled payments and only limited capitalisation of decoupled area payments into farmland rents in Italy.     

玉米补贴政策调整对宏观经济的影响*——基于CGE模型的分析

[目的]寻求玉米补贴政策改变对宏观经济和粮食安全的影响,并厘清影响的幅度,寻求玉米政策调整的合理方向。[方法]对现有的中国可计算一般均衡模型进行了改进,引入库存积累、临时存储库存入市、库存销售和顺价机制,加入玉米实物量模块。通过设定政策模拟情景,运用2012年中国投入产出表、农业农村部、中国统计年鉴等资料将数据库进行了更新,对农业部门的玉米补贴减少政策的影响进行了模拟。[结果]降低玉米种植补贴后,玉米种植面积和产量都将改变。短期内,补贴减少将减少财政压力。中长期来看,减少补贴政策将对GDP产生负面影响,且远大于财政补贴减少的幅度。而玉米占经济量的份额很小,玉米相关行业的变化,对宏观经济的影响较弱。[结论]实现去库存、调结构、降低种植面积,进行市场化决策,就要坚持玉米价格市场化改革,注重政策的时效性和针对性,加强信息监测预警。提高政府对玉米市场的宏观调控能力,实施多策并举的政策,有助于实现宏观经济改善,保持农业生产持续健康良好运行。     

环境补贴研究

环境补贴有助于本国保护环境和本国企业的竞争力,同时环境补贴也要符合SCM协议的要求。这就需要在进行环境补贴时遵循主体、目的、限度和程序等方面的要求,并注意相应的救济措施,以实现环境治理的目的并能维护行政相对人的权益。