创新与企业家精神研究文献综述

当前,已有越来越多的人认识到,创新与企业家精神是推动社会进步的巨大驱动力,有关这一课题的研究日益引起各方关注。通过梳理目前有影响力的研究文献,重点讨论了创新与企业家精神的作用、定义、内容、特征、影响因素以及相关概念等,以期对创新研究者和立志成为企业家的管理者以启示。     

企业家精神对海归人员创业机会识别影响因素研究

中国面临海归创业大潮,海归创业有助于推动中国高科技产业和新经济发展。中国市场充满挑战与机遇,识别并开发创业机会是海归人员在华创业活动的初始阶段和关键环节。以江苏省120位海归创业者为研究对象,探究企业家精神对创业机会识别的影响,并分析关系网络与创业资源在上述关系中所起的中介作用和调节作用。结果发现,企业家精神对海归人员创业机会识别具有积极影响;海归弱关系在上述关系中起部分中介作用,强关系的中介效应不显著;创业资源越丰富,企业家精神对创业机会识别的作用越大。     

一心创业,一路坚持:青年创业者创业韧性影响因素的扎根研究

近年来,国家不断部署深入推进"大众创业、万众创新",重点支持高校毕业生等青年群体就业创业。然而,创业是一项高风险活动,我国青年创业平均成功率仅有约2%。创业韧性有助于青年创业者在创业过程中应对各种困难和挑战,从而获取创业成功。尽管如此,"青年创业者的创业韧性如何产生,受哪些因素影响,其形成机理是什么"这一问题还少有考察。本研究以我国青年创业的主力军大学生创业者为研究对象,运用扎根理论方法 ,通过对30个青年创业大学生的深度访谈,构建出"重大事件激活—动机形成—动态能力形成"的理论模型,包括重大事件等13个子范畴以及创业期望的形成等7个主范畴,并运用事件系统理论、自我差异理论、社会转型理论和场理论分析形成此模式的深层次原因。在此基础上探讨促使其增强创业韧性行为的外部干预措施,研究结论对发展创新创业教育的理论和实践都有一定的促进作用。     

网络能力、知识整合与商业模式创新：创业者过度自信的调节作用

网络能力是商业模式创新的重要驱动力。然而，既有研究多聚焦于商业模式创新过程和效果，对其前因探讨不足。基于动态能力理论、社会网络理论与社会认知理论，构建网络能力影响商业模式创新的核心理论框架，探讨知识整合中介效应以及创业者过度自信的调节效应。运用259家创业企业调查数据进行分析，研究发现：内外部网络能力均对商业模式创新具有显著正向影响；知识整合在内外部网络能力与商业模式创新间均起部分中介作用；过度自信在内外部网络能力与知识整合间均起负向调节作用。研究结论可为创业者认知管理和企业商业模式创新路径选择提供理论支撑和实践启示。     

An exploration of entrepreneurs' identities and business growth

The purpose of this study is to determine whether certain types of identities are more likely than others to be present before and during business growth. We collect data from six entrepreneurs and adopt an interpretivist approach, using Van Gennep's theory of transitions, to explore the challenges faced by entrepreneurs after startup and during business growth. We find that business growth challenges entrepreneurs' identities as they aspire to achieve their personal goals and reach self-fulfillment. These identities consist of entrepreneurial, manager, personal, and social identities, and each has distinct roles within the business. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for entrepreneurs and policy makers. We recommend that entrepreneurs receive a combination of personal and business support, especially during more uncertain, high-pressure, and complex times.     

Entrepreneurs’ passion,home country’s institutional voids and small firm internationalization

The international entrepreneurship literature has revealed that entrepreneurs’ psychological characteristics drive a firm’s degree of internationalization. However, drivers that relate to entrepreneurs’ passion are not well developed in the international entrepreneurship literature. To fill this gap, this study uses a sample of 233 small firms to examine how entrepreneurs’ passion is related to small firms’ degree of internationalization and it also investigates whether this relationship is affected by levels of the home country’s institutional voids. The results show that passion is positively related to firms’ degree of internationalization and this relationship is positively moderated by levels of institutional voids. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Entrepreneurs as intermediaries

This paper sketches the contours of a theory of entrepreneurship focusing on the nature of entrepreneurship as intermediation under information asymmetries. While entrepreneurship, strategy, and finance researchers have studied the relationship between entrepreneurs and intermediaries, they tend to treat intermediaries, such as venture capitalists, as a separate organizational form that is parallel with (start-up) entrepreneurs. In this paper, we consider entrepreneurs as intermediaries who discover, create, and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities by bearing uncertainties stemming from intermediation between potential buyers and sellers under information asymmetries. Specifically, we focus on two key questions in entrepreneurship research: (1) Why do entrepreneurs arise and exist at all? (2) Why do some entrepreneurs perform better than others in creating entrepreneurial opportunities and ultimately creating wealth? Our discussion culminates in a new research agenda with four testable propositions.     

在商言商——企业家“五商”分析

作为经济发展的推动者,企业家在捕捉商机、整合资源、创造财富、造福社会等方面扮演重要角色。企业家之所以成功,原因是多方面的。本文认为,"五商"是企业家成功的源泉。"五商"包括胆商、情商、财商、智商及德商。其中,胆商是企业家的第一特质,而教育背景对企业家的影响并不显著。     

A longitudinal study of habitual entrepreneurs: starters and acquirers

This study provides insights into the characteristics and behaviour of habitual starter entrepreneurs (i.e. individuals who have established more than one business) and habitual acquirer entrepreneurs (i.e. individuals who have purchased/acquired more than one business). A human capital perspective is utilized to illustrate that the human capital accumulated by a habitual entrepreneur may influence their subsequent behaviour. Prior business ownership experience is discussed in relation to an entrepreneur's human capital accumulation, as well as their search and business opportunity identification behaviour. A case study approach is used to develop propositions that highlight the similarities and differences between habitual starter and acquirer entrepreneurs. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.     

时间维度视角下创业行为的动态特征——成因分析与实证研究

基于CPSED三轮调查数据,选择处于创建过程中的新生企业为研究对象,通过对时间维度视角下创业行为的动态特征规律及形成机理的研究发现:(1)创业者先前经历能够直接影响创业行为的选择与决策。创业者先前创业经历与创业行为集中度之间为正向显著的相关关系,创业者先前产业经历与创业行为集中度之间为负向显著的相关关系。结果表明,创业者先前经历所蕴含的知识属性并不相同,对外在化的创业行为的选择与决策影响力不同。(2)创业机会的创新程度在创业行为的选择与决策中扮演着重要角色,产品创新、技术创新与行为速度负相关;技术创新、市场创新与行为集中度负相关。研究结论揭示了新企业生存与成长的一般规律及内在机理。