Quantifying Financing Needs in the Belt and Road Countries

ABSTRACT

This paper provides a thorough analysis to quantify the financing needs in the Belt and Road countries during 2009 and 2014. By examining financial constraints using financial data of firms in the Belt and Road countries, this study constructs a Financing Needs Index for Belt and Road countries and highlights the characteristics of financing needs across 36 countries and 6 years. By further incorporating information from World Bank Enterprise Surveys, this paper builds an Augmented Financing Needs Index for 56 Belt and Road countries. The findings of this paper provide important policy implications by showing that countries can improve their financial liberalization and institutional environment to address the financing needs of their indigenous firms and thus achieve economic growth.     

How geographic,cultural, and institutional distances shape location choices of China’s OFDI in tourism? – an empirical study on B&R countries

This paper examines how bilateral distances shape Chinese enterprises' outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in tourism in Belt and Road (B&R) countries. The results indicate that while geographic distance is not a key factor explaining the location choice of Chinese tourism OFDI in B&R countries, cultural distance hinders this location choice in a linear and monotonic way. Chinese enterprises prefer B&R countries with a short institutional distance from China for OFDI in tourism to avoid the “outsider disadvantage”. Moreover, market scale is found to be a moderating factor influencing the impacts of various distances on tourism OFDI location choice.     

践行新保守主义的美国新智库：外交政策创议

新保守主义是影响当代美国外交的一股重要力量,它依据＂美国例外论＂而鼓噪美国积极介入世界事务,建立美国的全球领导权。在借助智库＂新美国世纪计划＂而推动小布什政府发动伊拉克战争以后,新保守主义不甘寂寞,于2009年又创立了智库＂外交政策创议＂,积极开展各种活动,争取国会共和党议员的支持,培训和拉拢国家安全领域的青年精英,试图再次左右美国的外交决策。     

住宅产业化在昆明推广实施初探

住宅产业化在建筑领域是一种新的建筑模式,其目的在于深化建筑建造工艺和实施过程。尽管这一建筑模式在发达国家和一些发达城市早已成熟,但在昆明的建筑市场中几乎还未展开,大部分昆明的建筑企业仍然坚持一些传统的建筑模式。本文主要对住宅工业化在昆明发展的障碍和对其有效推广的方法进行研究。     

Does parenting matter in subsidiary innovation in emerging economies? Exploring the role of parent superior competitiveness in affecting subsidiary contextual ambidexterity

Parenting in the multinational enterprises (MNEs) creates a dilemma when parent company manages the subsidiary contextual ambidexterity, in which parent superior competitiveness may nurture subsidiary exploitation while inhibit exploration. This study addresses this dilemma by developing an integrated framework and investigating how parent superior competitiveness affects the subsidiary contextual ambidexterity (innovation initiative and motivation of learning from the parent), which in turn increases subsidiary innovation performance. Furthermore, it is also examined that what tactics subsidiaries should take to resolve the dilemma. Using 296 survey responses from multiple informants of 111 subsidiaries in China, we find that parent superior competitiveness hinders subsidiary innovation initiative, but enhances subsidiary motivation of learning from the parent company. The negative effect of parent superior competitiveness on subsidiary innovation initiative becomes weaker when the strengths of subsidiary external tie and parent-subsidiary communication are enhanced. The positive effect of parent superior competitiveness on subsidiary motivation of learning is strengthened by subsidiary external tie, whereas no significant effect is found of parent-subsidiary communication. In addition, subsidiary innovation initiative contributes to subsidiary innovation performance through knowledge exploration and subsidiary motivation of learning from the parent positively affects innovation performance.     

增加居民收入的主观能动性思考

党的十八大报告提出,到2020年要实现城乡居民人均收入比2010年翻一番。考察新中国成立特别是改革开放以来的历史发现,虽然居民受教育程度、劳动素质和技能整体提高,但居民收入占比长期偏低。这说明增加居民收入具有可能性。考察“合法”居民收入结构发现,居民收入初始差距源自劳动差异形成的劳动收入,决定性差距源自劳动积累节余资本化形成的经营性和财产性收入。这说明增加居民收入只有不断提高居民的劳动素质和技能以及理财能力才具有可持续性。从主观能动性角度思考增加收入,居民应该努力就业,积极创业,获取劳动收入和经营性收入;务实消费,主动理财,增加财产性收入;开展劳动和资本的联合,建设新型产权制度,可持续地增加收入。     

双点源干扰对抗主动寻的导弹的有效新方法

双点源干扰对抗主动寻的导弹过程中，两点源和导引头形成的张 角由小变大，这种变化导致偏离角度减小。通过分析当张角等于分辨角时的偏离角度，得出 拖曳式诱饵和交叉眼两种典型的双点源干扰有效对抗寻的导弹的新方法，该方法主要通过改 变两点源功率比来增大偏离角度。仿真与分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

发挥学生在大学英语教学中的主体作用

本文试图从以下三个方面探讨大学英语课堂教学中发挥学生的主体作用:1)创造发挥学生主体作用的环境;2)实施发挥学生主体作用的教学方法;3)完善教与学的评价与反馈体系。这三方面做好了便有利于达到培养和提高学生的语言应用能力的目的。     

高级日语教学运用Jigsaw教学法的可行性研究

在高级日语教学中运用Jigsaw教学法,通过学生分组,确定和分配任务,原组研读、小组讨论及小组汇报,教师总结及测评等步骤,培养学生的合作精神,提高学生的学习的主观能动性和日语综合应用能力。     

城市应对气候变化规划初探

讨论了城市应对气候变化规划的概念,分析了城市应对气候变化规划与城市可持续发展的关系,界定了城市应对气候变化规划的类型,介绍了城市应对气候变化规划的发展历程,探讨了城市应对气候变化规划的编制要点。