Evolutionary choice of markets

We consider an economy where a finite set of agents can trade on one of two asset markets. Due to endogenous participation the markets may differ in the liquidity they provide. Traders have idiosyncratic preferences for the markets, e.g.due to differential time preferences for maturity dates of futures contracts. For a broad range of parameters we find that no trade, trade on both markets (individualization) as well as trade on one market only (standardization) is supported by a Nash equilibrium. By contrast, whenever the number of traders becomes large, the evolutionary process selects a unique stochastically stable state which corresponds to the equilibrium with two active markets and coincides with the welfare maximizing market structure. We are grateful to Thorsten Hens, Fernando Vega-Redondo and a referee for valuable comments. We also thank seminar participants at the University of Zurich, the CES research seminar at the University of Munich, the Koc University in Istanbul as well as conference participants at the SAET conference in Ischia, the ESEM in Lausanne and the ESF workshop on Behavioural Models in Economics and Finance in Vienna. A first version of the paper was written while Marc Oliver Bettzüge was visiting the Institute for Empirical Research in Economics at the University of Zurich. Financial Support by the Swiss Banking Institute and by the National Centre of Competence in Research “Financial Valuation and Risk Management” (NCCR FINRISK) is gratefully acknowledged. The NCCR FINRISK is a research program supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.     

Heterogeneity vs. externalities in technological competition: A tale of possible technological landscapes

The article presents a stochastic interaction model based on Gibbs random fields to analyze technological competition in a population of heterogeneous adopters with local or global externalities. The relationships between both heterogeneity and externalities and imperfect and asymmetric information are first emphasized. When local externalities and heterogeneity coexist, the technological landscapes of the industry are then shown to depend on the relative influence of these two parameters, with a phase transition: technologies coexist either in approximately equal market shares when heterogeneity is high enough or with one of the technologies only surviving in technological niches when local externalities dominate. Niches do also spontaneously appear: technological options survive in economic space due to the existence of some amount of heterogeneity among agents. On the contrary, when global externalities are added, pure standardization almost always occurs. We finally argue that different public policies should be designed so as to fit with different technological landscapes.     

Global political economy of technology standardization: A case of the Korean mobile telecommunications market

This paper examines empirical cases of standardization in the Korean mobile market as vehicles for approaching the broader political and institutional context of standardization in telecommunications. A consideration of Korean standardization in the mobile telecommunications market is particularly interesting because it reveals how the state's political interests influence standards decisions, which are primarily driven by market and technological changes in telecommunications. Judged from the social construction of technology perspective which sheds light not only on technology itself but also on political, social and economic interests that surround transformations in technology, this paper highlights power relations among the major actors that have made technology standards decisions in Korea regarding second (2G) and third-generation (3G) mobile telephony. The paper also attempts to show how the Korean government has dealt with the diverse interests of various market actors while pursuing its own policy agenda.     

新产品标准化是新技术转化为生产力的桥梁

着重论述了新产品标准化在新技术转化为生产力过程中的重要性及其桥梁作用。     

中小企业标准化存在的问题及对策

阐述了目前中小企业标准化工作中存在的问题及其原因和对策 。     

谈标准化在装备质量管理中的作用

论述了质量管理系统效能的三要素及其相互关系和标准化在装备质量管理中取得的效果。     

试论WTO/TBT对石油企业标准化工作的影响与对策

分析了加入世贸组织对我国石油企业标准化工作产生的影响，以及对此 需采取的相应对策。     

完善我国铁路突发事件应急管理法律机制路径探讨

为提高铁路突发事件应急管理水平,完善铁路突发事件应急管理法律机制,为铁路突发事件应急管理提供有效的法律支撑和完备的法律保障,在阐述铁路突发事件和铁路突发事件应急管理法律机制内涵的基础上,针对协同协作机制、社会化机制、应急管理法律体系、应急预案体系、应急管理标准化机制尚不完善等方面,剖析我国铁路突发事件应急管理法律机制掣肘铁路应急管理法治化的困境,提出完善我国铁路突发事件应急管理法律机制的路径,即:完善铁路突发事件应急管理协作机制,完善铁路突发事件应急管理社会化机制,完善铁路突发事件应急管理法律体系,完善铁路突发事件应急预案体系,完善铁路突发事件应急管理标准化机制,最终实现铁路突发事件应急管理的法治化、制度化和科学化。