MQS对社会福利和市场结构的影响

一般文献通常假设一国收入水平为均匀分配,且市场完全覆盖,以此分析MQS对社会福利的影响,通常认为MQS会降低一国社会福利。通过拓展一国收入水平呈均匀分配的假设,且假定市场不完全覆盖,以一高收入国和一低收入国为对比,探讨MQS对社会福利以及产业结构的影响。研究发现,MQS对社会福利的影响和一国的富裕程度有关。如果一国收入水平较高,MQS的存在通常会降低其社会福利,MQS数值越大,其社会福利损失越大;反之,如果一国收入水平较低,则MQS通常会提高其社会福利,MQS数值越大,社会福利提升越大。同时,MQS的存在会扩大厂商市场覆盖面,但会降低其利润。较高的MQS可能导致一家厂商退出市场,形成独占市场结构。     

市场结构理论分析范式演进研究

通过系统地梳理市场结构理论从SCP框架到厂商策略性行为研究的演变历程,并结合分析经济实践变迁,本文发现,推动市场结构理论分析范式演进的两个主要动因是方法论创新和理论范畴拓展。前者导致了结构主义SCP范式的确立和行为主义的兴起;后者催生了以交易费用为核心概念的新制度主义产业组织理论。展望市场结构理论未来的发展趋势,本文认为,从方法论创新上,博弈论将研究重点转向了企业策略性行为;从范畴拓展上,品牌经济学将开创对消费者行为研究的新领域。     

Internal Versus External R&D: A Study of R&D Choice with Sample Selection

This paper extends previous analyses of the choice between internal and external R&D to consider the costs of internal R&D. The Heckman two-stage estimator is used to estimate the determinants of internal R&D unit cost (i.e. cost per product innovation) allowing for sample selection effects. Theory indicates that R&D unit cost will be influenced by scale issues and by the technological opportunities faced by the firm. Transaction costs encountered in research activities are allowed for and, in addition, consideration is given to issues of market structure which influence the choice of R&D mode without affecting the unit cost of internal or external R&D. The model is tested on data from a sample of over 500 UK manufacturing plants which have engaged in product innovation. The key determinants of R&D mode are the scale of plant and R&D input, and market structure conditions. In terms of the R&D cost equation, scale factors are again important and have a non-linear relationship with R&D unit cost. Specificities in physical and human capital also affect unit cost, but have no clear impact on the choice of R&D mode. There is no evidence of technological opportunity affecting either R&D cost or the internal/external decision.     

我国零售业市场结构发展趋势分析

目前,我国零售业市场结构正处在一个演变的时期,传统的散、乱、差的结构将会得到改变,我国零售业面临着一次新的整合。我国零售企业应该扩大规模、培育自己的竞争力,政府也应该给与相关政策的引导。     

认证中介的效率基础:信托市场监管规则选择的例子

在资产管理领域中 ,投资者面对的信息劣势来源于实体项目收益的不确定性和理财机构专业水平的不确定性两个方面。我们的研究着力于分析 ,对项目风险和理财机构评估项目专业水平的信息缺乏导致的柠檬效应 ,以及引入认证中介机构后市场效率的改善。本文以信托市场为例 ,比较了认证中介面临不同市场结构时 ,效率后果的差异 ,说明完全竞争市场中的认证中介对信息不对称问题的解决更加有效。     

基于SCP范式的中国乳业市场绩效的实证分析

基于SCP范式的理论对我国乳业市场结构和市场行为的各项指标以及对市场绩效的影响进行实证分析,发现市场结构作用于市场行为并最终影响市场绩效,为企业在调整市场结构以提高市场绩效方面提供可借鉴的理论和政策建议。研究结果表明:①我国乳业行业规模经济效益越来越显著,行业进入壁垒提高,市场结构逐渐向中高度寡占型转变;②我国乳业的市场绩效与市场集中度、行业规模之间的相关关系通过显著性检验;③乳制品行业内各乳企之间的产品差异化不明显,技术程度有待加强。     

Market Structure And The Adoption Of Innovations: The Case Of The Spanish Banking Sector ‡

This paper is an empirical study of the determinants of adoption time for the teleprocess terminal by Spanish commercial and savings banks. The explanatory variables include the characteristics of the adopting firms, size, and in the case of the savings banks, the structure of the market and concentration. The results indicate that the speed of adoption is maximized at intermediate levels of size and market concentration, confirming one theoretical prediction of models of diffusion: namely, that adoption time is minimized at intermediate levels of market concentration.     

Do Keiretsu Really Hinder FDI into Japanese Manufacturing?

This paper examines an issue that has received considerable comment but little analysis. It has often been argued that the presence of the keiretsu in Japan has been instrumental in deterring multinational firms from entering Japan, though evidence for this is patchy. We present some new analysis of this issue, thereby evaluating the effects of keiretsu on inward investment penetration in Japan. In contrast to previous work in this area, our results suggest that there is little relationship between inward FDI and keiretsu networks, once one controls for endogeneity and unobservable heterogeneity. The results illustrate some important interaction effects between keiretsu and other explanatory variables that explain differences in inward investment penetration.     

投资者结构与期限结构对期货市场效率的影响研究

有效市场假设认为,投资者不能通过任何信息的获取而获得超额收益,即价格能够及时地反映所标资产的相关信息和风险。通过对上海期货市场金融危机前后交易数据的检验,发现其存在显著的长期惯性利润,证明了其不符合有效市场假设和可能存在市场操纵行为。Granger因果检验进一步发现短期的投机行为越多惯性利润越低,长期惯性利润越高投机行为越多。因此上海期货市场有必要通过减少交易成本和提供更多的交易信息去改善市场结构和效率。     

电子商务下商品价格变动分析

本文基于西方经济学的局部均衡分析范式探讨由于电子商务降低产品边际成本,最终会对市场结构和社会物价水平造成的影响。得出了电子商务的普及有提高社会总产出和福利水平的作用的结论。