品牌认同视角下“生产商-经销商-终端商”价值共创的逻辑再构

随着产业链与供应链的深入与完善,以品牌认同为引领的价值创造再一次引起关注,基于"生产商-经销商-终端商"三位一体的价值共创思维是重塑品牌形象强化品牌认同的关键.研究认为:经销商层面中人口基数、人均可支配收入、配送能力等是实现价值增值的因素,生产商层面中市场费用支持、分销政策支持、品牌战略提升是促进价值提升的关键,终端商层面中客情维护、货龄管理、品牌维护是保障价值实现的途径.     

二噁英的理化性质及在乳及乳制品中污染的研究进展

本文主要分析了二噁英的理化性质,重点介绍了乳及乳制品中二噁英的污染情况,并提出有效措施给予预防和解决,以有效降低二噁英在乳及乳制品中的危害性,确保乳及乳制品行业的健康发展。通过对二噁英的理化性质进行研究,为乳及乳制品的安全生产提供可靠保障,以实现经济与社会效益的最大化。     

Feeding management of dairy cattle affect grassland dynamics in an alpine pasture

The effect of different supplementary feeding rates for grazing cattle on high-altitude pastures dynamics was evaluated. A field experiment was carried out during three years in a subalpine pasture area of the Eastern Alps. The investigated pasture area was 40?ha, located between 1820 and 2230?m?a.s.l. Two paddocks were chosen in the experiment and two herds of 12 cattle each were kept in the two enclosures for 5 weeks. For the first herd (HS), the supplementary feeding rate was 4.8?kg?OM?head^?1 per day, while for the second herd (LS), the rate was 1.6?kg?OM?head^?1 per day. The amount of herbage consumed by each cattle was determined using the n-alkane technique. To monitor the pasture vegetation dynamics, eight metal exclusion cages were placed in each paddock to determine herbage growth, utilization rates, vegetation composition and animal grazing selectivity. Grazing behaviour of dairy cattle, in terms of herbage intake and species selection was affected by the different feeding rates. Cattle grazing Paddock HS consumed 1.9?kg?OM?day^?1 of herbage less than Paddock LS. In the LS paddock, cattle grazed higher phytomass rates. When the animals were fed by higher concentrate rates, a more selective grazing seemed to significantly increase the pasture necromass component. The lower grazing selectivity favoured the development of species as Nardus stricta and Deschampsia caespitosa, which are well known for their low palatability. Distinct vegetation dynamic patterns were observed, with a reduction of hair grass and an increase of legumes in the Paddock LS.     

Farm Capital Investment and Deviations from the Optimal Path

We identify farms’ optimal investment path in capital assets and compare it with their actual investment to assess the direction and extent of deviation from the optimal investment. A probit model is further used to investigate the determinants of the probability that a farmer over‐ or under‐invests in capital assets. We use a panel dataset of Dutch dairy farms over the period 2003–2013, and find that most farms under‐invest in capital assets during the study period. Although the number of farms that had over‐invested in capital assets is relatively small, these farms account for the biggest share of total investment in capital assets. The probit results show that liquidity, agricultural support payments, age, land tenure and standard output size are important variables explaining the likelihood of over‐and under‐investment.     

KD乳业在渠道理论下的营运资金管理分析

渠道理论下的营运资金管理是目前较为完善的管理理论,提高分渠道资金管理有利于企业从细节提高管理效率。本文对KD乳业在渠道理论下进行因素分析,找出其在各渠道中营运资金管理存在的问题,并对各渠道提出改进策略,研究可以对KD乳业营运资金管理效率提高有所裨益。     

Modelling New Zealand dairy products: evidence on export survival and duration

This article presents evidence concerning the pattern of New Zealand dairy exports duration and survival from 1989 to 2017. It also analyses the influence of a set of supply, demand and gravity‐type drivers on the hazard rate for New Zealand dairy export relationships. The findings are summarised as follows. First, New Zealand dairy export relationships are dynamic with numerous entries and exits to and from foreign markets. Around half of the relationships survived for only 1–2 years at the sequence level. Second, duration of sequence, left‐censoring, initial export, decomposed sequences, New Zealand export price index, the number of cows available for dairy production, the number of origins and destinations, and destination partner’s GDP are the most significant factors reducing the hazard rate of export relationships. As regards the effects of the non‐tariff measures, it is interesting that technical barriers of trade are found to significantly decrease the hazard rate. Only pre‐shipment inspection and contingent trade protective measures are significant impediments to New Zealand dairy export relationships. Finally, hazard probabilities for New Zealand dairy export relationships are estimated to be ‘L‐shaped’ over time, whether or not non‐tariff measures are applied to New Zealand dairy products.     

我国蛋鸡养殖环境全要素生产率测度及省域比较分析

［目的］蛋鸡养殖场规模化养殖与生态环境保护协调发展问题是蛋鸡养殖业可持续发展过程中面临的关键性问题，测度我国大、中、小3种规模下不同省份蛋鸡养殖场的环境全要素生产率，并从时间、地区两个维度对蛋鸡养殖场的环境全要素生产率进行比较。［方法］利用2004—2016年不同养殖规模蛋鸡养殖场的投入和产出数据，文章基于SBM函数的Malmquist Luengerber（ML）指数方法，对蛋鸡养殖场环境全要素生产率进行分解，将其分解为技术进步指数、效率改进指数。［结果］（1）蛋鸡养殖场环境全要素生产率整体呈现下降趋势，同时与蛋鸡养殖规模呈反比，蛋鸡养殖场规模越大，蛋鸡养殖环境生产率越小。（2）蛋鸡养殖场效率存在效率改善，但养殖技术进步率相对较低，尤其是对小规模养殖场而言，改善空间更明显； （3）蛋鸡养殖环境全要素生产率区域差异较为明显，整体来看，蛋鸡养殖主产区环境全要素生产率高于非主产区。［结论］加强蛋鸡产业科技创新水平以及公共服务设施的投入，提高养殖户的废弃物无害化处理能力，推行蛋鸡养殖的规模化和标准化发展，进一步改善养殖效率，以促进蛋鸡养殖规模化和生态环境保护协调发展。     

Price determinants of bred heifers: Do reputations matter?

Replacement brood cows are among the most significant investments for cow-calf operations, thus crucial to profitability. Many cow-calf producers find it cost effective to purchase replacements from a reliable replacement heifer seller, though by doing so they increase risk of reproductive inefficiency due to unknown characteristics of the heifers. When important information about a product is missing to buyers, a seller can build a reputation over time that acts as signal for quality. Previous work has explored reputation effects in feeder cattle markets, but to our knowledge we are the first to explore reputation effects in bred replacement cattle markets. Using data from an annual replacement heifer sale, we analyze the values of heifer characteristics and test for premiums from reputation development. After controlling for reproductive practices, breed, and other characteristics, we find reputation does not play the role that Shapiro theorized. In this sale, the lot order is strategically chosen and may indicate bred heifer quality to buyers, replacing the need for reputation as a signal. This study highlights the importance of quality signals and regional preferences in bred replacement cattle marketing and lays the empirical groundwork for future studies to test Shapiro's theory.     

万古霉素高产菌株选育及发酵配方优化

为了提高东方拟无枝酸菌产万古霉素的发酵单位,降低生产成本,采用紫外诱变、常压室温等离子体诱变对东方拟无枝酸菌出发菌株V19-02进行诱变处理,通过筛选链霉素抗性突变菌株,选育高产菌株;通过对发酵培养基中碳源和氮源进行筛选,选取葡萄糖、淀粉、低温豆粉、酵母粉4个因素进行均匀设计。结果表明,获得的高产菌株V19-1-07摇瓶发酵单位提高33.7%,且具有良好的传代稳定性;优化后的培养基配比质量分数为葡萄糖8.0%、淀粉1.0%、低温豆粉1.0%、酵母粉4.0%、氯化钠1.0%、磷酸二氢钾0.1%;小试结果证明,优化配方可使50 L罐发酵单位平均达到14 110 μg/mL,比原始配方提高了28.9%。因此,研究获得的高产菌株V19-1-07可应用于万古霉素工业化发酵生产,以帮助企业降低成本,进一步提高竞争力。